FINAL EXAM 4/7 Integumentary system

vernix caseosa

During development in the womb the fetus by the fifth month is covered and protected by a fatty substance called __________ .

dermis

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

G

In the diagram, where are actively dividing cells located?

G /

In the diagram, where does apoptosis occur? /

E '

In the diagram, which area is composed of areolar connective tissue? '

E

In the diagram, which is the papilla of the hair?

the ability to thermoregulate

In the elderly blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect

epidermis

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

Melanin

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

Thick skin contains five stratums.

Which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin? Choose the best answer.

1 and 2

Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. 4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

1,3,5

Which statements describe sebaceous glands? 1. oil producing 2. merocrine 3. holocrine 4. thermoregulation 5. sebum 6. Apocrine

1, 2, 4, 5

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? 1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin; 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients; 3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges mixed with sweat create fingerprints; 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis; 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

it is thinner in men than in woman

Which statements is not correct about the dermis? --it is made up of dense, irregular connective tissue --it is thinner in men than in women --it contains collagen and elastin fibers --it provides the blood supply and many sensory receptors for the epidermis --it has a smaller papillary layer, and a thicker reticular layer

C

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?

D

Which structure in the figure produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation?

A

Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals?

G .

Which structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation? .

F

Which structure would recognize pulling of the skin during stitches even after a doctor anesthetizes the area?

I

Which structures house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capillary loops?

A /

Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching? /

melanin production

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

4, 3, 2, 5, 1

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep. 1. Dermis; 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum.

Keratinocytes

About 90% of the cells of the epidermis are of which type?

melanin

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

stratum granulosum

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

Keratinization

As newly formed cells of the stratum basale are pushed to the surface they accumulate keratin and undergo apoptosis. This process is referred to as _______.

1 and 3

Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough fibrous protein; 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin; 3. Keratin helps protect the skin; 4. Keratin participates in immune responses; 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

In a skin infection which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

F ..

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area is composed of dense connective tissue? ..

A ,

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area may be missing in thinner hair? ,

d,b,a,c

Put the events of keratinization in order. A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules B. Cells increase in size some retain ability to divide C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix D. Cells within this layer proliferate

stratum basale

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

jaundice

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is

Cutaneous membrane

The skin is also known as a (the) _________.

stratum basale

The skin is also known as a (the) _________.

Cutaneous

The skin is known as the _________ membrane.

all of these

The skin provides a physical and chemical barrier to harmful agents by: --Production of antibacterial substances --The maintenance of an acidic pH --Presence of macrophages --All of these

hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

stratum basale

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

stratum lucidum

This skin layer is only present in places subjected to high levels of mechanical wear-and-tear and provide an additional protective layer where it occurs such as in the soles of the feet palms and fingertips.

E ,,

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue? ,,

all of these are correct

Which feature(s) of the skin protect(s) us against microbes such as bacteria? --The many layers of keratinized cells form a barrier against microbes --Sebum contains compounds which kill bacteria --Sweat has an acidic pH which suppresses microbial growth --Langerhans cells can alert the immune system should microbes invade --All of these are correct

they undergo rapid mitosis to regenerate skin

Which is NOT true about melanocytes? --They protect the skin from UV rays --They neutralize free radicals formed from exposure to sun --They produce pigments and transfer it to keratinocytes --They undergo rapid mitosis to regenerate skin

A .

Which is the most abundant cell in the epidermis? .

Stratum basale ..

Which layer has stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes? ..

A ,.

Which of the following areas in the diagram below gives the wound temporary integrity from external factors, like microbes? ,.

Epithelium is migrating across wound.

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

blood reservoir

Which of the following functions of the skin explains the skin's pink hue?

it helps provide calcium ions needed for protection

Which of the following is the most direct way that the skin contributes to the function of the muscular system?

all of these statements are correct

Which of the following statements is correct? --Melanin, carotene and hemoglobin impart color to the skin. --The amount of melanin causes skin's color to vary from pale yellow to black. --The differences in skin color are due to the amount of melanin produced and moved to the keratinocytes. --All of these statements are correct.

B, C, & D: fat soluble substance, oxygen and carbon dioxide, organic solvents like acetone

Which of the following substances can penetrate the skin?

C .

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built? .