Final Exam

A compound microscope permits the user to view two separate specimens​ side-by-side. True False

False

A drug​ user's expectations do not play a role in drug dependence. True or False?

False

Forensic odontologists look at bones to identify victims (T/F)

False

It is not necessary to package evidence in separate containers. True False

False

PETN is the most powerful and popular military explosive. T/F

False

Physical evidence is subject to bias. (T/F)

False

RUVIS detects prints by using chemical treatments True False

False

Regional laboratories have decreased the accessibility of many local law enforcement agencies to a crime laboratory. (T/F)

False

Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue. True False

False

The amount of alcohol exhaled in the breath is in indirect proportion to the concentration of alcohol in the blood. T/F

False

The most common igniter is an electrical sparking device. T/F

False

The number of lands and grooves and the width and direction of twist are individual characteristics of a rifled barrel. True False

False

The obligation to maintain the integrity of evidence belongs to the first police officer at the scene only. True False

False

The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the:

Frye standard

Gasoline residues are best characterized​ by: A.Gas chromatography. B.Infrared spectrophotometry. C.Ultraviolet analysis. D.Emission spectroscopy.

Gas chromatography.

Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of:

Gender

Note that suspect B has only one band in his lane. This is mostly likely an indication that: *Use the DNA RFLP patter of evidence from a rape investigation to answer this question.

He is homozygous for the gene

Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive TATP?

Hydrogen peroxide

Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive​ TATP?

Hydrogen peroxide

Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the controlled substances act?

II

The parts of a firearm that leave impressions on a cartridge case that constitute class characteristics of that weapon are the firing​ pin, the breech face​ mark, the​ ejector, and the extractor. True False

False

The quantity and type of food present in the stomach at the time of drinking does not affect the rate at which alcohol is absorbed. T/F

False

The reaction of luminol with blood results in the production of color rather than light. T/F

False

The sizes of the drops in a cast-off pattern are not related to the size of the point from which they were propelled. (T/F)

False

The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible​ prints, invisible​ prints, and latent prints. True False

False

The three most widely used screening tests are​ thin-layer chromatography​ (TLC), gas chromatography​ (GC), and liquid chromatography​ (LC). T/F

False

The​ implied-consent law allows the operator of a motor vehicle on a public highway to refuse a test for alcohol intoxication. T/F

False

Two procedures used to preserve impressions that can be submitted to the laboratory are lifting and casting. True False

False

Void spatter is the most common type of bloodstain pattern found at a crime scene. (T/F)

False

When two different genes are​ inherited, the characteristic coded for by a recessive gene is expressed. T/F

False

When using AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the print's identity (T/F)

False

When using​ AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the​ print's identity. True False

False

Wood is a poor insulator. T/F

False

When investigators search a fire​ scene, the first focus must be​ on

Finding the origin of the fire.

When investigators search a fore scene, the first focus must be on:

Finding the origin of the fire.

Which would NOT be included in the work of the biology unit of a crime lab?

Fingerprint analysis

a. During fetal development

Fingerprints are formed: a. During fetal development. b. By the time a child is two years old. c. During first six months after birth. d. At birth.

What is the concentration at which a vapor to fuel mixture in the air is capable of burning?

Flammable range

What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to burn?

Flash point

All combustible fuel simultaneously igniting to engulf a structure in flames is known as:

Flashover

The direction of a ________ may show movements of objects or bodies while the pattern was still forming or after the blood has dried.

Flow Pattern

b. Dental impressions

Forensic databases are maintained for all of the following EXCEPT: a. Fingerprints b. Dental impressions. c. DNA. d. Automotive paint.

A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of:

Forensic engineering

Which specialized area of forensic science examines the relationship between human behavior and legal proceedings?

Forensic psychiatry

Which of the following is NOT a military explosive?

Nitroglycerin

When biological samples of unknown origin are discovered at a crime scene, investigators:

Should assume no pathogens are present and treat the samples as such.

After providing medical assistance for the injured and arresting any suspects on the scene, the first officer should immediately:

Secure the scene

During gel electrophoresis the DNA is:

Separated by fragment size

Physical developer contains:

Silver nitrate

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the:

Skin ridges

The pores of the sweat glands are located in​ the: A. Dermal papillae. B. Skin ridges. C. Friction grooves. D. Dermis.

Skin ridges

Most often, cocaine is?

Snorted

Factors that can contribute to abnormal observations at a fire scene include:

Stairway or elevator shafts, wind or drafts, and secondary fires due to collapsing floors or roof.

Cocaine is a

Stimulant

The case of Coppolino v. State highlights issues dealing with:

The acceptability of new scientific tests

The size and location of the crime scene as well as the events that occurred there will determine:

The kind of search pattern that will be used to located evidence.

What should one surmise if a flow found on an object or body does not appear consistent with the direction of gravity?

The object or body was moved after the blood had dried.

A substrate control ensures that the surface on which a sample has been deposited does not interfere with the interpretation of laboratory tests. True False

True

After the latent print has been​ visualized, a photograph must be taken before any further attempts at preservation. True False

True

Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in Western countries. T/F

True

Alcohol tends to be distributed throughout the watery parts of the body. T/F

True

Alcohol tends to be distributed throughout the watery parts of the body. True or False?

True

All illicit drug seizures must be sent to a forensic laboratory for confirmatory analysis. (T/F)

True

An airtight container best ensures the preservation of blood samples. T/F

True

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene because any accelerant residues may evaporate within a few days or even hours. T/F

True

Distance determination is usually based on the distribution of powder patterns or the spread of a shot pattern. True False

True

Evidence may be moved only after investigators have documented its location and appearance in​ notes, sketches, and photographs. True False

True

Failure to keep the blood refrigerated or to add a preservative may result in a substantial decline in alcohol concentration. T/F

True

Failure to protect a crime scene properly may result in the destruction or altering of evidence. True False

True

Few substances enter and completely leave the body in the same chemical state. T/F

True

Few substances enter and completely the body in the same chemical state. True or False?

True

Field sobriety tests include psychophysical tests and a breath test. T/F

True

Field sobriety tests include psychophysical tests and a breath test. True or False?

True

For a longer total time required for complete absorption, the peak blood-alcool concentration will be lower. True or False?

True

For a longer total time required for complete​ absorption, the peak​ blood-alcohol concentration will be lower. T/F

True

Frye v.United States established the "general acceptance" rule. (T/F)

True

Gel diffusion takes advantage of the fact that antibodies and antigens move toward one another on a plate. T/F

True

Hashish is a concentrated preparation of marijuana. True or False?

True

Human bloodstains dried for years may still give a positive reaction for a precipitin test. T/F

True

If evidence is adhering to an object in a precarious​ manner, the investigator should remove the evidence and package the item. True False

True

Increasing caseloads associated with drug evidence have provided the major justification for the expansion of forensic laboratory services. True and False?

True

Karl Landsteiner and Louis Lattes are associated with the area of blood typing. (T/F)

True

Lead is not classified as a heavy metal. T/F

True

Locard's exchange principle states that whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is an exchange of materials between them. (T/F)

True

Loops are the most common type of fingerprint patterns (T/F)

True

Loops are the most common type of fingerprint patterns. True False

True

Low explosives detonate relatively slowly​ (less than​ 1,000 meters per​ second), while high explosives detonate very rapidly​ (from 1,000 to​ 8,500 meters per​ second). T/F

True

NIBIN is the National Integrated Ballistics Information​ Network, a unified firearms search system that incorporates both DRUGFIRE and IBIS technologies. True False

True

The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:

Jury

Which weapon would create cast-off patterns consisting of small droplets in a linear pattern?

Knife

The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the:

LAPD

The Van Urk reagent was used to test a sample and it turned blueish purple. This indicates the presence of?

LSD

Who devised a technique for determining the blood group of a dried bloodstain, which he applied to criminal investigations?

Lattes

Ordinary mailing envelopes should not be used as evidence containers. True False

True

Physical dependence develops only when the drug user uses a drug on a regular schedule. True or False?

True

Resin has higher concentrations of THC than the flowers of the Cannabis plant. True or False?

True

Ridge characteristcs are ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details, which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin (T/F)

True

Ridge characteristics are ridge​ endings, bifurcations,​ enclosures, and other ridge​ details, which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin. True False

True

Shotgun shells are not impressed with any characteristic markings that can be used to compare two shotgun shells to determine if they were fired from the same weapon. True False

True

Since droplets of high-velocity spatter are very small, they may not travel far. (T/F)

True

TLC uses _ as its moving phase?

Liquid

What is the most potent form of marihuana?

Liquid hashish

The exchange of evidence principle was theorized by:

Locard

Who established the first workable crime laboratory?

Locard

A big drawback of gas chromatography is that it does not produce specific identification. This problem is overcome by connecting the GC to a

MS

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a:

Magna brush

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with​ a: A. Fiberglass brush. B. Magna brush. C. Camel's hair brush. D. All of the above

Magna brush

Which of the following statements is false?

Marijuana is synthesized from the cannabis sinsemilla plant.

The necessity for the forensic scientist to appear in court comes from the U.S. Supreme Court case:

Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts

A point by point comparison of a fingerprint's------- must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

Minutiae

Two to three quarts of ash and soot debris must be collected at the point of origin of a fire when arson is suspected. T/F

True

Unauthorized personnel include friends and family of the victim. True False

True

Which of the following, if blood is not available, can the medical examiner NOT use in order to determine the body's alcohol content to reasonable degree of accuracy?

Urine

d. The jury

Who ultimately determines the significance of physical evidence in a trial? a. The judge b. Expert witness c. The Supreme Court d. The jury

In the Primary classification system, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a:

Whorl

A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are:

Whorls on the LEFT INDEX and RIGHT RING fingers.

Drops propelled from a blunt surface will be larger and the pattern will be:

Wide

When investigators search a fire scene, the first focus must be on: a. Finding the origin of the fire. b. Interviewing eyewitnesses. c. Taking photographs and making sketches. d. All of the above

a. finding the origin of the fire

Small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory

after dried

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody is known as:

agglutination

After a blood sample is collected for alcohol testing, an ________ is added to stop the blood from clotting.

anti-coagulant

the point on a two-dimensional plane from which the drops originated. It tells the investigator approximately where the source of blood (the victim) was located at the time of impact.

area of convergence

Which is a homemade explosive that has been used by terrorist organizations in the Middle East? a. PETN b. TNT c. TATP d. RDX

c

PCR is a technique that

can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA

the velocity classification of an impact spatter pattern

cannot illuminate the specific events that produced the pattern

Which is a natural heat-producing process that may give rise to a fire? a. Chain reaction b. Flash point c. Ignition point d. Spontaneous combustion

d

Field sobriety tests that can be employed to ascertain the degree of an individual's alcohol impairment normally do not include the following:

gas chromatography

setting up squares of known dimensions over the entire pattern describes the

grid method

A gene pair made up of two similar alleles-for example, AA and BB-is said to be:

homozygous.

the most common type of bloodstain pattern found at a crime scene is

impact spatter

How should blood-containing clothes from a victim be packaged?

in breathable paper after blood has dried

Antibodies are found:

in the blood serum.

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:

latent

The amt. of DNA material required for STR analysis is ___________ the amount of DNA required for RFLP analysis

less than

CAD programs enhance the ability to

produce a finished crime scene sketch

The flow pattern on an object or body can help determine if the body was moved after the blood had dried. (T/F)

True

The increase in crime rates in the U.S. has led to an increase in the number of crime laboratories (T/F)

True

The investigator should not remove trace evidence from items at the crime​ scene, but instead he or she should send the entire object to the laboratory for processing. True False

True

The less blood on an object, the smaller the stains produced. (T/F)

True

The line and spiral search pattern methods can be performed effectively by one person. True False

True

The only ingredients required for a low explosive are fuel and a good oxidizing agent. T/F

True

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces its direction of travel. (T/F)

True

The third fundamental principle of fingerprints is that fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified (T/F)

True

created when an object with blood on it touches one that does not have blood on it. Simple ones are produced when the object makes contact with the surface and is removed without any movement of the object.

transferred pattern

In which phenotype pairings can the genotypes of the individuals be directly known?

type AB and type O

The evidence collector must take extraordinary care to avoid potential contamination by transferring DNA onto objects of evidential value by:

wearing a face mask

Which search pattern would be best suited for a crime scene where many investigators are available to search a large area?

zone

Which is a device used to screen objects for the presence of explosive​ residues?

​Ion-mobility spectrometry

A low explosive has a velocity of detonation less than:

1000 meters per second.

It is estimated that there are as many as ----- ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint.

150

It is estimated that there are as many as ___ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint

150

It is estimated that there are as many as​ ________ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint. A. 50 B. 200 C. 100 D. 150

150

DNA analysts are able to examine samples containing as few as _______ cells fir an STR profile

18

The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in:

1999

The concentration of alcohol in an exhaled breath is direct proportion to that of the blood of the same individual. The ratio of this relationship is closest to:

1:2,000

In the Primary Classification scheme, the left index finger has a potential value of:

2

In the Primary Classification​ scheme, the left index finger has a potential value​ of: A. 4 B. 8. C. 16. D. 2

2

The presence or absence of how many antigens determines an individual's blood type in the A-B-O system?

2

In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed? 1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer

2, 1, 3

What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 Primary Classification category?

25%

What is the number of nitrogrenous bases needed to code for a specific amino acid?

3

STRs normally consist of repeating sequences of ________

3-7 bases

A neutral substance will have a pH closest to:

7

What is the percentage of evidence evaluated in the crime lab that is drug related?

75%

a. Whether or not they have a common origin

A comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining: a. Whether or not they have a common origin. b. If they are identical in chemical composition. c. If the same person handled them. d. If they are alike in molecular structure.

c. IBIS

A component of the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network is called: a. PDQ. b. CODIS. c. IBIS. d. a and b

d. Forensic database

A computerized archive of information relating to a specific type of physical evidence is a(n): a. Evidence database. b. Information database. c. Comparison database. d. Forensic database.

The process of crime scene reconstruction may enlist the expertise of all of the following EXCEPT:

A criminal personality profiler

Which of the following is NOT true? An expert witness must be able to demonstrate:

A formal degree in forensic science

a. Minutiae

A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's _____ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity. a. Minutiae b. Pattern c. Protein composition d. Classification

Hydrocarbon accelerants can be detected by:

A portable detector (sniffer) and trained dogs.

a. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers

A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are: a. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers. b. Deltas on fingers #9 and #3. c. Whorls on the left and right middle fingers. d. Loops on the right thumb and left ring finger.

37) Which statement regarding STRs is true? A) All humans have the same type of STRs. B) There is little variation in the number of repeats from person to person. C) Restriction enzymes are used to cut STRs from the DNA helix. D) Typically a core repeat sequence would consist of 15-30 bases.

A) All humans have the same type of STRs

11) The PCR technique requires the use of a thermal cycler to: A) Copy DNA. B) Hydrolyze polymerase. C) Make probes radioactive. D) Synthesize protein.

A) Copy DNA.

28) Examples of polymers that contain repeating units known as nucleotides are: A) DNA. B) Cellulose. C) Hemoglobin. D) Starch.

A) DNA

4) Which is NOT a component of a nucleotide? A) Double helix B) Phosphorous containing group C) Nitrogenous base D) Sugar

A) Double helix

12) In the PCR process, the first step is to heat the DNA strands. This is to permit the: A) Double-stranded molecules to separate completely. B) DNA to coil very tightly in the helical shape. C) Hybridization to take place. D) Process to take place without DNA degradation.

A) Double-stranded molecules to separate completely.

48) How should blood-containing clothes from a victim be packaged? A) In breathable paper after blood has dried B) In an airtight clear plastic container C) In a metal paint can D) In an airtight metal container

A) In breathable paper after blood has dried

19) The discriminating power of mtDNA is ________ the discriminating power of STR analysis. A) Less than B) Greater than C) The same as D) None of the above

A) Less than

40) The rate at which large DNA fragments move through the electrophoretic gel is ________ the rate at which small DNA fragments move through the same apparatus. A) Less than B) Greater than C) The same as D) None of the above

A) Less than

8) The building blocks of the DNA molecule are known as: A) Nucleotides. B) Hydrocarbons. C) Amino acids. D) Polysaccharides.

A) Nucleotides.

21) HV1 and HV2 are: A) Regions of mtDNA. B) Restriction enzymes. C) STR types. D) Types of viruses.

A) Regions of mtDNA.

20) CODIS is a national system of: A) Shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence. B) Crime laboratory directors. C) Computers to track the movement of sex offenders released from prison. D) Vastly enhanced 911 emergency systems.

A) Shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence.

22) Y-STR markers are useful when multiple males are involved in a sexual assault. If three men are involved in such an attack the investigators would expect Y-STR analysis to show a maximum of: A) Six peaks. B) Eight peaks. C) Three peaks. D) Four peaks.

A) Six peaks.

True or False?

A) Spermatozoa can generally be found in the vagina of a living female after 3 days. F B) Semen is unequivocally identified by the presence of spermatozoa. T C) The likelihood of finding seminal acid phosphatase in vaginal swabs decreases with time. T D) The enzyme p30 may be detected in the vaginal cavity up to 24 hours after intercourse. T E) Semen will contain the enzyme p30 T

7) Which of the following depicts correct base-pairing in DNA? A) T-A B) A-U C) G-A D) C-T

A) T-A

24) Assume that two strands of DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is ATGC. State the sequence of bases on the second strand. A) TACG B) ACTC C) GCAT D) TGGC

A) TACG

True or False?

A) The bonding of an antigen with its specific antibody causes agglutination. T B) All bloods contain the enzyme peroxidase. T C) A-B-O antigens are present in all human blood. T D) The Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin. F E) Dried bloodstains may tentatively be identified as blood by a peroxidase test. T

What is the difference between the shape of a bloodstain that impacts a surface at a low angle and one that impacts at a higher angle?

A bloodstain that impacts a surface at a low angle with have a longer tail than one that impacts at a higher angle.

c. Applying the dye rhodamine 6G after fuming with cyanoacrylate

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is: a. Physical developer. b. Ninhydrin. c. Applying the dye rhodamine 6G after fuming with cyanoacrylate. d. DFO.

c. Fuming with cyanoacrylate

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is: a. Physical developer. b. Ninhydrin. c. Fuming with cyanoacrylate. d. DFO.

​Y-STR markers are useful when multiple males are involved in a sexual assault. If three men are involved in such an attack the investigators would expect​ Y-STR analysis to show a maximum​ of: A. Eight peaks. B. Four peaks. C. Six peaks. D. Three peaks.

C) Six peaks

29) The production of amino acid is coded by a sequence of how many bases on the DNA molecule? A) Four B) Two C) Three D) Five

C) Three

46) ________ region(s) of mitochondrial DNA have been found to be highly variable in the human population for forensic determinations. A) Four B) One C) Two D) Three

C) Two

50) A typical STR DNA type emanating from a single individual shows a ________ band pattern. A) Three B) One C) Two D) Zero

C) Two

43) The amount of DNA material required for STR analysis is ________ the amount of DNA required for RFLP analysis. A) Greater than B) The same as C) Less than D) None of the above

C)) Less than

A low explosive has a velocity of detonation less​ than: A. 500 meters per second. B. 150 meters per second. C. 1000 meters per second. D. 1500 meters per second.

C. 1000 meters per second.

What approximate percentage of the population is type​ B? A. 38 percent B. 80 percent C. 15 percent D. 41 percent

C. 15 percent

The presence or absence of how many antigens determines an​ individual's blood type in the​ A-B-O system? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

C. 2

If blood is found to have both A and B antigens it is typed​ as: A. A. B. B. C. AB. D. O.

C. AB.

One parent is type​ AB; the other parent is type O. A possible genotype for an offspring​ is: A. OO. B. AB. C. AO. D. None of the above

C. AO.

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody is known​ as: A. Serology. .B. Radioimmunology. C. Agglutination. D. Clotting.

C. Agglutination.

For the purpose of extracting the drug out of body​ tissues, an amphetamine is classified as​ an: A. Neutral drug. B. Acid drug. C. Basic drug. .D. All of the above

C. Basic drug.

A common classification system characterizes ignitable liquids based on their boiling point ranges and number of​ ________ molecules as​ light, medium, and heavy petroleum distillates. A. Petrol B. Petroleum .C. Carbon .D. Hydrogen

C. Carbon

What is the rapid combination of oxygen with a​ fuel, which produces a noticeable release of​ energy? A. Ignition B. Explosion C. Combustion D. The flash point

C. Combustion

What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to​ burn? A. Sublimation temperature B. Ignition temperature C. Flash point D. Critical temperature

C. Flash point

Gasoline residues are best characterized​ by: A. Emission spectroscopy. B. Infrared spectrophotometry. C. Gas chromatography. D. Ultraviolet analysis.

C. Gas chromatography.

In forensic​ toxicology, all positive drug findings must be confirmed by a specific chemical test. The confirmation test of choice​ is: A. Gas chromatography. B. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry. C. Gas​ chromatography-mass spectrometry. .D. Infrared spectrophotometry.

C. Gas​ chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Combustion occurring at the surface of a solid​ describes: A. Spontaneous combustion. B. Pyrolysis. C. Glowing combustion. D. Flash point.

C. Glowing combustion.

During the period of​ absorption, the concentration of alcohol in arterial blood is​ ________ the concentration of alcohol in venous blood. A. The same as B. Less than C. Greater than .D. None of the above

C. Greater than

The likelihood that spontaneous combustion will occur in improperly ventilated containers of highly unsaturated oils is​ ________ the likelihood that such combustion will occur with hydrocarbon lubricating oils. A. The same as B. Less than C. Greater than

C. Greater than

Which of the following is not classified as a heavy​ metal? A. Mercury B. Arsenic C. Lead D. Thallium

C. Lead

The rate of alcohol absorption on a full stomach is​ ________ the rate of absorption on an empty stomach. A. Greater than B. The same as C. Less than D. None of the above

C. Less than

The sensitivity of the Takayama and Teichmann crystal tests for the identification of bloodstains is​ ________ the sensitivity of the​ Kastle-Meyer color test for bloodstain identification. A. Greater than B. The same as C. Less than D. None of the above

C. Less than

Which of the following is NOT a military​ explosive? A. TNT B. RDX C. Nitroglycerin D. ​C-4

C. Nitroglycerin

Which of the following types of cells are not contained in​ plasma? A. Erythrocytes B. Platelets C. Phagocytes D. Leukocytes

C. Phagocytes

When an animal is injected with an​ antigen, the animal will respond by​ producing: A. Agglutinates. B. Monoclonal antibodies. .C. Polyclonal antibodies. D. Both A and B

C. Polyclonal antibodies.

PSA​ (p30) is​ a: A. Protein specific to females. B. Blood enzyme used to discriminate bloodstains. C. Protein found in seminal plasma. D. Polymorphic enzyme found in red blood cells.

C. Protein found in seminal plasma.

Which of the following statements is​ false? A. Semen is unequivocally identified by the presence of spermatozoa. B. The likelihood of finding seminal acid phosphatase in vaginal swabs decreases with time. C. Spermatozoa can generally be found in the vagina of a living female after 3 days. .D. Semen will contain the enzyme p30.

C. Spermatozoa can generally be found in the vagina of a living female after 3 days.

Which is a natural​ heat-producing process that may give rise to a​ fire? A. Chain reaction B. Ignition point C. Spontaneous combustion D. Flash point

C. Spontaneous combustion

Of the​ following, which country has the lowest blood alcohol concentration in determining legal impairment​ level? A. France B. United States C. Sweden D. Japan

C. Sweden

High explosives can be classified as either​ ________ or​ ________ explosives. A. Military​ grade; non-military grade B. ​Civilian; military C. ​Primary; secondary D. ​Initial; secondary

C. ​Primary; secondary

In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be​ performed? 1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer A. ​3, 1, 2 B. ​1, 3, 2 C. 2, 1, 3 D. ​1, 2, 3

C. 2, 1, 3

When an etching agent is applied to a metal surface in order to restore a removed serial number the stamped area will dissolve at​ ________ as the unstamped area. A. A slower rate B. The same rate C. A greater rate D. None of the above

C. A greater rate

Which of the following is not expected to show any evidential marks or​ impressions? A. A fired bullet B. A cartridge casing fired from a shotgun C. A shotgun pellet D. A cartridge casing fired from a handgun

C. A shotgun pellet

Which of the following is synthetically produced and does not occur​ naturally? A. Opium B. Cocaine C. Amphetamine D. Morphine

C. Amphetamine

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only​ 5% of all known patterns is​ the: A. Whorl B. Ulnar loop C. Arch D. Radial Loop

C. Arch

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics​ (used by​ AFIS) are​ the: A. Ridge crossing and short ridge. B. Bifurcation and trifurcation. C. Bifurcation and ridge ending. D. Ridge ending and island.

C. Bifurcation and ridge ending

Gun powder residue patterns can be detected​ by: A. The Greiss Test. B. IR photograph. C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C. Both A and B

The presence of blood and semen at crime scenes exposes investigators​ to: A. AIDS. B. Hepatitis B. C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C. Both A and B

The use of which drug will NOT lead to physical​ dependence? A. Barbiturates B. Alcohol C. Cocaine D. Heroin

C. Cocaine

AFIS is​ a(n): A. Computer system programmed to analyze hair. B. Method used to determine age of a latent print. C. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records. D. Assay technique used to identify drugs.

C. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

Which of the following is not a​ stimulant? A. Cocaine B. Caffeine C. Ethyl alcohol D. Amphetamine

C. Ethyl alcohol

To formulate a successful strategy for recovering relevant physical evidence at crime​ scenes, the investigator must ultimately rely​ on: A. Reference material. B. The lead investigator. C. Experience. D. Training.

C. Experience.

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces​ is: A. Ninhydrin. B. Physical developer. C. Fuming with cyanoacrylate. D. DFO.

C. Fuming with cyanoacrylate

Marijuana is considered to be​ a: A. Narcotic. B. Depressant. C. Hallucinogen. D. Stimulant.

C. Hallucinogen.

A police officer performs a field test on a white​ powder, obtaining a purple color. The most likely drug present​ is: A. Cocaine. B. LSD. C. Heroin. D. Methadone.

C. Heroin.

Which absorption spectrum is equivalent to a​ "fingerprint" of a substance and can be used for identification​ purposes? A. Visible B. X-ray C. IR D. UV

C. IR

The police are NOT required to obtain a search warrant if they​ are: A. Certain the suspect is guilty. B. Investigating the murder of a fellow officer. C. In the process of a legal arrest. D. Unable to locate a judge to issue a warrant.

C. In the process of a legal arrest.

MDMA​ (Ecstasy) does NOT​ cause: A. Increased heart rate and blood pressure. B. Hallucinogenic and​ amphetamine-like effects. C. Increased inhibition. D. Confusion, anxiety, and paranoia.

C. Increased inhibition.

A wear​ pattern, cut,​ gouge, or other damage pattern can impart​ ________ characteristics to a shoe. A. Class B. Generic C. Individual D. Wear

C. Individual

Which of the following statements is​ true? A. Oxidations are chemical reactions that produce new substances. B. A chemical equation shows the number of atoms lost during a chemical reaction. C. Heat is required to change one element into another. D. All chemical reactions give off heat.

A. Oxidations are chemical reactions that produce new substances.

Field sobriety tests do NOT​ include: A. Performance of sit ups. B. Horizontal gaze nystagmus. C. Walk and turn. D. One leg stand.

A. Performance of sit ups.

The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the​ victim: A. Perished after the fire started. .B. Died elsewhere and was brought to the fire scene after death. C. Died before the fire started. D. Was the arsonist.

A. Perished after the fire started.

Which is an explosive readily detonated by heat or​ shock? A. Primary explosive B. Secondary explosive C. Dynamite D. ANFO

A. Primary explosive

Which of the following CANNOT be determined from a laboratory examination of evidence recovered from an​ arson? A. The brand name of gasoline used to start the fire .B. The presence of​ gasoline, kerosene, or turpentine in debris C. Origin of liquid gasolines D. The ignition mechanism used by the arsonist

A. The brand name of gasoline used to start the fire

The minimum temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite is​ called: A. The ignition temperature. B. The heat of combustion. C. A dangerous place to store flammable liquids. D. The flash point.

A. The ignition temperature.

Paternity testing is done involving a woman with type AB blood who has accused a man with type B blood of fathering her child who has tested AB. What can be determined in this​ case? A. The male could have fathered the child. B. The male definitely IS the father of the child. C. The child cannot belong to this mother. D. The male is definitely NOT the father of the child.

A. The male could have fathered the child.

Buccal cells are obtained​ from: A. The mouth and inside of the cheek. B. Blood. C. Semen. D. Urine.

A. The mouth and inside of the cheek.

What is​ radiation? A. Transfer of heat energy from a heated surface to a cooler surface B. Transfer of heat energy by movement of molecules within a liquid or gas C. Movement of heat through a solid object D. None of the above

A. Transfer of heat energy from a heated surface to a cooler surface

The DRE program incorporates standardized methods for examining suspects to​ determine: A. Whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs. B. Whether they are involved in the buying or selling of drugs. C. Whether they have ever taken one or more drugs. D. Whether they are transporting any illegal substances.

A. Whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs.

The presence of​ ________ indicates that a stain is seminal in nature. A. p30 Your answer is correct.B. Peroxidase C. DNA D. PGM

A. p30

The DOT set the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for commercial truck and bus drivers​ at: A. ​0.04%. .B. ​0.02%. C. ​0.08%. D. ​0.05%.

A. ​0.04%.

The concentration of alcohol in an exhaled breath is in direct proportion to that of the blood of the same individual. The ratio of this relationship is closest​ to: A. ​1:100. B. ​1:2,000. C. ​1:1,000. D. ​1:10.

A. ​1:100.

What is the percentage of evidence evaluated in the crime lab that is​ drug-related? A. 75% B. ​25% C. ​35% D. 60%

A. 75%

A​ victim's fingernail scrapings would be correctly packaged​ in: A. A druggist fold. B. A plastic​ Ziploc® bag. C.Sealed, airtight containers. D. Both B and C

A. A Druggist fold.

Which is the most widely used and abused​ drug? A. Alcohol B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. Heroin

A. Alcohol

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced​ by: A. Alphonse Bertillon. B. William Herschel. C. Richard Henry. D. Francis Galton.

A. Alphonse Bertillon

Dust imprints found at a crime scene can be lifted​ using: A. An electrostatic lifting device. B. A scanning electron lifter. C. A silicone casting medium. D. Photographic paper.

A. An electrostatic lifting device

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is​ a(n): A. Arch. B. Central pocket loop. C. Plain whorl. D. Loop.

A. Arch

The​ "dermal nitrate​ test" has fallen into disfavor because of its lack of specificity. Which of the following common materials does NOT give a misleading positive reaction to this​ test? A. Chocolate B. Urine C. Cosmetics D. Tobacco

A. Chocolate

Use of which of the following drugs is LEAST likely to lead to psychological​ dependence? A. Codeine B. Heroin C. Cocaine D. Alcohol

A. Codeine

Which part of cannabis contains the LEAST amount of​ THC? A. Seeds B. Leaf C. Flower D. Resin

A. Seeds

Factors that can contribute to abnormal observations at a fire scene​ include:

All of the above: Stairways or elevator shafts. Secondary fires due to collapsing floors or roof. Winds or drafts.

Telltale signs of arson​ include:

All of the above: The presence of containers. Separate points of origin. Trails of burn patterns.

Police barricades and the strategic positioning of guards are used to prohibit access to the crime scene by whom?

All unauthorized personnel

Police barricades, and the strategic positioning of guards, will prohibit access to the crime scene for:

All unauthorized personnel

The first systematic system individual classification and identification was introduced by:

Alphonse Bertillion

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by:

Alphonse Bertillon

Which is available in commercial form as fertilizer?

Ammonium nitrate

Which of the following is synthetically produced and does NOT occur naturally?

Amphetamine

Which of the following is synthetically produced and does not occur naturally?

Amphetamine

.??? steroids are designed to promote muscle growth but have harmful side effects.

Anabolic

Narcotic drugs are ??? that ??? the central nervous system.

Analgesics that depress

Which step of the ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction ridges?

Analysis

Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint?

Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.

In Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v.Carmichael, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the "gatekeeping" role of a trial judge:

Applied to all expert testimony

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is a(n):

Arch

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is an:

Arch

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the:

Arch

the fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the:

Arch

Materials that have electrons firmly attached to their molecules:

Are poor conductors of heats.

Livescan images of fingerprints:

Are sent to the AFIS database electronically, have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards, are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen.

The intersection of straight lines through the long axis of several individual bloodstains in an impact spatter illustrates the _____________ of the pattern:

Area of convergence

The intersection of straight lines through the long axis of several individual bloodstains in an impact spatter pattern illustrates the ________ of the pattern.

Area of convergence

At the crime scene, the string method is used to find the ________ of an impact spatter pattern.

Area of origin

At the crime scene, the string method is used to find the _______________ of an impact spatter.

Area of origin

The ________ of a bloodstain pattern in a three-dimensional space illustrates the position of the victim or suspect when the stain-producing event took place.

Area of origin

The ___________________ of a bloodstain pattern in a three-dimensional space illustrates the position of the victim or suspect when the stain-producing event took place.

Area of origin

Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving:

Arson

The eleven sections of The American Academy of Forensic Science include all of the following EXCEPT:

Arson/Explosives

The pressure of the pumping of oxygenated blood out of an injury causes bright red-colored blood to spurt out and form a(n):

Arterial spray pattern

Of the following, which is an acid drug?

Aspirin

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of​ ________ and​ ________. A. Loops; arches B. ​Bifurcations; ridge endings C. ​Minutiae; ridge characteristics D. Ridges; furrows

B. Bifurcations; ridge endings

The reason grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun is so that​ a: A. Bullet moving through will have unique striations. B. Bullet will be made to spin and have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel. C. Bullet will be reduced in size before it exits the gun. D. Manufacturer can put its unique mark on its product.

B. Bullet will be made to spin and have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel.

Officers should attempt to locate tool marks at the point of entry during the investigation of​ a: A. Homicide. B. Burglary. C. Hit and run. D. Assault.

B. Burglary

At an arson​ scene, the collection of a substrate control would require the arson investigator​ to: A. Collect a sample from the center of a potential accelerant stain. B. Collect a piece of the surface material near the​ fire's origin that he or she believes was not exposed to the accelerant. C. Collect a sample of the vapors at the fire origin. D. Collect samples of surface material from areas far away from the​ fire's origin.

B. Collect a piece of the surface material near the​ fire's origin that he or she believes was not exposed to the accelerant.

Crime scene sketches serve a unique purpose in permanently documenting the location of​ evidence: A. Containing drug evidence. B. Collected and removed from the crime scene. C. Not documented in photographs. D. Processed at the crime scene.

B. Collected and removed from the crime scene.

Which substance is a substitute for​ ninhydrin? A. RAY B. DFO C. RAM D. MRM 10

B. DFO

If the crime scene includes a dead​ body, the photographer​ should: A. Attempt to identify the victim. B. Depict injuries and weapons at the crime scene. C. Document all forensic personnel at the crime scene. D. Determine the time of death.

B. Depict injuries and weapons at the crime scene.

To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce​ scars, one must damage​ the: A. Epidermis. B. Dermal papillae. C. Minutiae. D. Ridges.

B. Dermal papillae

The evidence collector is NOT concerned​ with: A. Maintaining the chain of custody. B. Determining the natural variations that exist in physical evidence. C. Labeling evidence. D. Utilizing the proper packaging material for evidence.

B. Determining the natural variations that exist in physical evidence.

Generally​ speaking, the amount of gun powder particles found around a bullet hole is​ ________ to the distance from which the weapon was fired. A. Indirectly related B. Directly related C. Not related D. None of the above

B. Directly related

​Generally, the gauge of a shotgun is​ ________ to the diameter of its barrel. A. Indirectly related B. Directly related C. Not related D. None of the above

B. Directly related

Regular use of the following drug may lead to physical​ dependency: A. Marijuana. B. Ethyl alcohol. C. LSD. D. Aspirin.

B. Ethyl alcohol.

Chokes are sometimes found on shotguns where they function to constrict the end of the barrel. The speed and distance traveled by pellets fired from a narrow choke is​ ________ the speed and distance traveled by pellets fired from a shotgun with a wide choke. A. The same as B. Greater than C. Less than D. None of the above

B. Greater than

The specificity of microcrystalline tests is​ ________ the specificity of color tests. A. The same as B. Greater than C. Less than D. None of the above

B. Greater than

The search pattern that employs two people performing line searches that originate from adjacent corners​ is: A. Wheel. B. Grid. C. Line. D. Spiral.

B. Grid

Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the Controlled Substances​ Act? A. I B. II C. III D. IV

B. II

Which of the following results is not possible from a laboratory examination of firearm​ evidence? A. Restoring serial numbers ground off the gun B. Identifying a bullet as having been combined with a particular shell prior to being discharged C. Determining that two or more cartridge cases were fired from the same weapon D. Determining how far from the victim the weapon was held

B. Identifying a bullet as having been combined with a particular shell prior to being discharged

The most basic methods of crime scene recording do NOT​ include: A. Narrated videotapes. B. Infrared analysis. C. Photographs. D. Note-taking.

B. Infrared analysis

Sublimation occurs with the use​ of: A. Cyanoacrylate. B. Iodine fuming. C. Laser-print detection. D. Silver nitrate.

B. Iodine fuming

The barrel of a​ shotgun: A. Is wider at the end to concentrate shot. B. Is smooth without the grooves and lands found in rifles. C. Is indistinguishable from that of a rifle. D. Is generally shorter than that of a rifle.

B. Is smooth without the grooves and lands found in rifles.

The search pattern in which one or two investigators start at the boundary at one end of the scene and walk straight across to the other side​ is: A. Wheel. B. Line. C. Grid. D. Quadrant.

B. Line.

Which is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States​ today? A. Alcohol B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. Heroin

B. Marijuana

The administration of which drug eliminates an​ addict's desire for​ heroin? A. OxyContin B. Methadone C. Codeine D. Morphine

B. Methadone

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical​ fingerprints? A. Fraternal twins B. None to date C. Identical twins D. Siamese twins

B. None to date

A blood droplet deposited at an angle of impact of about 90 degrees (directly vertical to the surface) will:

Be approximately circular in shape

A blood droplet deposited at an angle of impact of about 90 degrees°(directly vertical to the surface) will:

Be approximately circular in shape

Why might investigators overlook some high-velocity spatter?

Because droplets of high-velocity spatter are very small, they may not travel far; they may fall to the floor or ground, where investigative personnel could overlook them.

Which substance has the highest ignition​ temperature?

Benzene

Who developed the system known as anthropometry?

Bertillon

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristic (Used by AFIS) are the:

Bifurcation and ridge ending

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS) are the

Bifurcation and ridge ending

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of

Bifurcations and ridge endings

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ----- and -----.

Bifurcations; ridge endings

A trail pattern leading away from the victim at a stabbing scene was most likely created by:

Blood dripping from the murder weapon

All of the following items may be placed in an airtight container EXCEPT:

Blood-stained clothing.

From the choices below, select the one correct physical evidence collection procedure

Bloodstained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags

Spectrophotometry can be used for?

Both a and b

The first responding officer at the crime scene must make attempts to detain and question whom?

Both witnesses and suspects

An expirated blood pattern at a crime scene is identified by:

Bubbles of oxygen within the pattern

Officers should attempt to locate tool marks at the point of entry during the investigation of what type of crime?

Burglary

23) How many different bases are associated with the makeup of DNA? A) 3 B) 6 C) 4 D) 5

C) 4

47) Small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory: A) In a druggists fold. B) Immediately while still wet. C) After dried. D) After removal from surface of deposition and rehydration.

C) After dried.

1) The technology of DNA typing had its beginnings in 1985 with the work of: A) Francis Crick. B) James Watson. C) Alec Jeffreys. D) Henry Lee.

C) Alec Jeffreys.

30) Portions of the DNA molecule useful for DNA typing: A) Are useful for recombinant DNA. B) Code for the production of proteins. C) Are repeated many times. D) Are useful for the production of insulin.

C) Are repeated many times.

44) As currently performed, DNA-profiling technology cannot provide information helpful in: A) Deciding immigration cases based on family relationships. B) Settling matters of questioned paternity/maternity. C) Determining whether an individual carries a genetic defect. D) Matching a suspect to biological evidence found at a crime scene.

C) Determining whether an individual carries a genetic defect.

9) In DNA replication, polymerases: A) Enable the strands to unwind from the helix. B) Separate the strands of the double helix. C) Help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence. D) All of the above

C) Help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence.

17) Which statement is NOT true? Few forensic labs do analysis of mtDNA because: A) The analysis procedure is very rigorous. B) Such study takes a long time. C) Little mtDNA is present in a cell. D) It costs much more than nuclear DNA profiling.

C) Little mtDNA is present in a cell.

31) The specific proteins produced by a cell are directly related to the: A) Length of the chromosomes. B) Sequence of sugars and phosphates in the cell. C) Sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell. D) Number of mitochondria in the cell.

C) Sequence of nucleotides in the DNA of the cell.

Heat energy can ignite distant objects through the transmission of:

Electromagnetic energy

Regular use of the following drug may lead to physical dependency?

Ethyl alcohol

Which of the following is NOT a stimulant?

Ethyl alcohol

Which of the following is not a stimulant?

Ethyl alcohol

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the spiral search pattern?

Evidence could be missed.

a. exonerate an innocent suspect

Evidence having class characteristics can: a. Exonerate an innocent suspect. b. Link a person to a crime with a high degree of certainty. c. Always be fitted together in the manner of a jigsaw puzzle. d. Have no evidential value.

Specially trained personnel called ________ are employed by some crime laboratories on 24-hour call to retrieve evidence and have all the proper tools and supplies for proper collection and packaging of evidence at their disposal.

Evidence technicians

d. Single-layer paints

Evidence with individual characteristics can lead to a determination of common origin (single source). Which type of evidence CANNOT yield such results? a. Random striations on tools b. Fingerprints c. Wear patterns on tires d. Single-layer paints

The separation of STRs using capillary electrophoresis:

Evolved from the flat-gel electrophoresis approach, automates sampling and data collection, decreases analysis time and is currently the preferred method

What factor(s) do(es) the court usually take into consideration as sufficient grounds for qualification as an expert witness?

Experience, training and education.

Which entity maintains the largest crime laboratory in the world?

FBI

A bloodstain that impacts a surface at a low angle with have a shorter tail than one that impacts at a higher angle. (T/F)

False

A burning cigarette is an example of spontaneous combustion. T/F

False

A final conclusion made using the ACE-V process is either the individualization or elimination of a print (T/F)

False

A final conclusion made using the​ ACE-V process is either the individualization or elimination of a print. True False

False

A flow pattern is created when an object blocks the deposition of blood spatter onto a target surface or object. (T/F)

False

A fuel does not need to be present to initiate and sustain combustion. T/F

False

A latent fingerprint is a fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/ or perspiration that is visible to the naked eye (T/F)

False

A latent fingerprint is a fingerprint made by the deposit of oils​ and/or perspiration that is visible to the naked eye. True False

False

A rough sketch does not need to accurately depict the dimensions of the crime scene. True False

False

A substrate control allows the criminalist to connect evidence found at the scene of a crime to the suspect​ and/or victim. True False

False

A voiceprint transforms a visual graphic display into speech. (T/F)

False

A warrantless search is never justified. True False

False

An alcoholic disinfectant should be applied to a​ subject's skin before drawing blood. T/F

False

An anticoagulant should be added to inhibit the growth of microorganisms capable of destroying alcohol. T/F

False

An antigen is a protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antibody. T/F

False

An expert witness gives testimony on events or observations that arise from personal knowledge. (T/F)

False

As the distance to the target of a shotgun blast​ decreases, the pellets separate and spread out. True False

False

Aspermia is an abnormally low sperm count. T/F

False

Biological evidence should be packaged in plastic or airtight containers. T/F

False

Blood enhancement chemicals have been found to negatively impact STR DNA typing and therefore footwear impressions made with blood are not typically analyzed. True False

False

Chromosomes are the fundamental units of heredity.T/F

False

Detonation is characterized by very rapid oxidation that produces​ heat, light, and a subsonic pressure wave. T/F

False

Differences in local laws have no effect on the variation of total services offered by crime labs in different communities (T/F)

False

Digital imaging is still effective in enhancing latent fingerprints even if details of the print do not exist on the original images (T/F)

False

Digital imaging is still effective in enhancing latent fingerprints even if details of the print do not exist on the original images. True False

False

Dynamite has largely replaced​ ammonium-nitrate-based explosives for industrial uses. T/F

False

Evidence cannot be shipped through the mail. True False

False

Examining garments and other objects in order to detect firearms discharge residues would be performed in the biology unit (T/F)

False

Expirated blood is blood that is expelled from the mouth or nose from an external injury. (T/F)

False

Forensic anthropologists can use dental records such as X-rays, dental casts, and a photograph of a person's smile to compare a set of dental remains and a suspected victim. (T/F)

False

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal laws only. (T/F)

False

Forward spatter is more likely to be deposited on the object or person creating the impact. (T/F)

False

Gunshot exit wounds commonly produce medium-velocity spatter, while explosions produce high−velocity Spatter. (T/F)

False

Heat energy is liberated in an endothermic reaction and absorbed in an exothermic reaction. T/F

False

Heroin is typically snorted by addicts. True or False?

False

If the zone of strain has been​ removed, or if the area has been impressed with a different strain​ pattern, the serial number usually can be restored. True False

False

In 1972, New York began creating an integrated network of state-operated forensic laboratories consisting of regional and satellite facilities. (T/F)

False

In general, as both the force and velocity of impact increase, the diameter of the resulting blood droplets increases. (T/F)

False

Information about when the victim last had consensual sex is not useful for evaluating the significance of findings during a possible rape examination. T/F

False

It is acceptable to pick up a firearm by inserting an object into its barrel. True False

False

It is permitted for officers at the scene to alter temperature conditions by adjusting​ windows, doors, or the heat or​ air-conditioning. True False

False

It is possible to obscure one's fingerprints by scarring (T/F)

False

It is possible to obscure​ one's fingerprints by scarring. True False

False

It is the responsibility of the forensic investigator to determine innocence or guilt. (T/F)

False

Liquid chromatography is the most widely used approach for determining alcohol levels in blood. T/F

False

Loops include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas (T/F)

False

Loops include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas. True False

False

Marijuana is synthesized from the Cannabis sativa plant. True or False?

False

Marijuana is the most widely abused drug in the United States. True or False?

False

Methadone is used to treat chronic​ pain, while OxyContin is used to eliminate an​ addict's desire for heroin while producing minimal side effects. True or False?

False

Mobile crime laboratories are designed to carry out the functions of a chemical laboratory. True False

False

Molecules must absorb energy when their bonds are reformed and they liberate energy when their bonds break apart. T/F

False

Most alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the stomach. T/F

False

NIBIN makes the final determination about whether or not two bullets were fired by the same gun. True False

False

Nonmotile sperm generally survive for up to four to six hours in the vaginal cavity of a living female. T/F

False

One of the earliest crime laboratories was founded by Albert Osborn. (T/F)

False

People with type O blood have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells. T/F

False

Polyclonal antibodies are more useful than monoclonal antibodies for the forensic scientist. T/F

False

Pools of blood are not reliable to use in reconstruction or determining the amount of time that has elapsed since the blood was deposited. (T/F)

False

Providing expert testimony is not one of the main functions of a forensic scientist. (T/F)

False

Psychological dependence is defined as the physiological need for a drug that has been brought about by its regular use. True or False?

False

RUVIS detect prints by using chemical treatments (T/F)

False

Sedatives are drugs that cause marked alteration in thought​ processes, perceptions, and moods. True or False?

False

Sketching allows the investigator to combine notes and photography. True False

False

Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue (T/F)

False

The 3 most widely used screening tests are thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatogrophy, and liquid chromatography. True or False?

False

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is a state-run agency. (T/F)

False

The chain of custody does not usually play a vital role in a court of law. True False

False

The comparison step of the ACE-V process requires the comparison of the known and unknown print at two different levels (T/F)

False

The comparison step of the​ ACE-V process requires the comparison of the known and unknown print at two different levels. True False

False

The effectiveness of an expert's testimony does not usually depend on the educational background of the expert. (T/F)

False

The evidence collector is concerned with determining the natural variations that exist in physical evidence. True False

False

The first priority of the first officer responding to a crime scene is securing the crime scene. True False

False

The first responding officer should not make attempts at the crime scene to detain and question unauthorized personnel. True False

False

The first transfer pattern will be lighter in color while subsequent transfers will be increasingly dark and heavy. (T/F)

False

The hook cutter rifling method is still used today. True False

False

The implied-consent law allows the operator of a motor vehicle on a public highway to refuse a test for alcohol intoxication. True or False?

False

The increase in U.S. crime rates since the 1960s did not have any effect on the growth of crime laboratories. (T/F)

False

The investigators should follow a direct path to the center of the scene. True False

False

The most common color test for bloodstains is Luminol. T/F

False

The most popular club drug is LSD. True or False?

False

The phenomenon of flashover is an example of radiation. T/F

False

The physical science unit is responsible for examining burned or charred documents (T/F)

False

The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction comes from the presence of oxygen in the reaction. T/F

False

The second fundamental principle of fingerprints is that a fingerprint is an individual characteristic. True False

False

The second fundamental theory of fingerprints states that a fingerprint remains unchanged once the individual enters adulthood. True False

False

The second fundamental theory of fingerprints states that a fingerprints remains unchanged once the individual enters adulthood (T/F)

False

The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible prints, invisible prints and latent prints (T/F)

False

When​ possible, it is advisable to have two people supervising and coordinating the collection of evidence. True False

False

T/F: In general, as both the force and velocity of impact increase, the diameter of the resulting blood droplets increase

False- decrease

Which type of explosives detonate almost instantaneously to produce a smashing or shattering effect?

High explosives

Which type of explosives detonate almost instantaneously to produce a smashing or shattering​ effect?

High explosives

Currently, which of the following, in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent prints?

High intensity light sources

What is the major advantage of using the vapor concentration technique with gas chromatography?

High sensitivity for detecting volatile residues.

Droplets of ________ are very small. They may not travel far and could be overlooked.

High velocity splatter

Which absorption spectrum is equivalent to a fingerprint of a substance?

IR

The tranquilizers Valium and Librium are classified in which schedule of the controlled substances act?

IV

d. Plain Whorl

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a(n): a. Central pocket whorl b. Central pocket loop c. Accidental d. Plain whorl

c. Individual

If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has _____ characteristics. a. Identification b. Comparative c. Individual d. Class

How should blood-containing clothes from a victim be packaged?

In breathable paper after blood has dried

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces:

In its direction of travel

d. Whorl

In the Primary Classification System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a: a. Loop. b. Ulnar loop. c. Arch. d. Whorl.

d. 2

In the Primary Classification scheme, the left index finger has a potential value of: a. 16. b. 8. c. 4. d. 2.

The police are NOT required to obtain a search warrant if they are:

In the process of a legal arrest.

b. 2, 1, 3

In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed? 1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer a. 1, 3, 2 b. 2, 1, 3 c. 3, 1, 2 d. 1, 2, 3

MDMA does not cause?

Increased inhibition.

Generally, bloodstain diameter ________ as height increases.

Increases

Generally, bloodstain diameter ________________ as height increases.

Increases

Some breath-testing devices for alcohol use _______ light to measure the quantity of alcohol trapped in a chamber.

Infrared

A specific test for identification is?

Infrared Spectrophotometry

The following analytical technique is considered to be a specific test in a drug identification scheme?

Infrared spectrophotometry

Recombinant DNA technology is useful in producing:

Insulin and growth hormone

a. RUVIS

Investigators can use ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments. a. RUVIS b. AFIS c. GRIM 3 d. GC/MS

Crime scene reconstructions have the best chance of accuracy if:

Investigators use proper documentation and collection methods for all types of evidence

Sublimation occurs with the use of:

Iodine fuming

The order in which chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed:

Iodine fuming, ninhydrin and physical developer

Which is a device used to screen objects for the presence of explosive residues?

Ion mobility spectrometry

If a murder victim's blood is found in the muzzle of a firearm:

It can be concluded that the fireare was present during injury to the victim

If a murder victim's blood is found in the muzzle of a firearm:

It can be concluded that the firearm was present during injury to the victim.

Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging?

It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.

c. 150

It is estimated that there are as many as _____ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint. a. 50 b. 100 c. 150 d. 200

What is not true about codeine?

It is stronger than morphine.

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces:

Its direction of travel

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid?

John Dillinger

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive​ acid? A. Carlo Gambino B. James Gotti C. William West D. John Dillinger

John Dillinger

Changes to evidence, such as contamination, can be prevented by handling evidence with:

Latex gloves, Disposable forceps (a & c)

Examples of secondary explosives do NOT include:

Lead azide

Which is an initiating explosive often used in detonators?

Lead azide

The ability to make a positive identification of a drug using UV spectrophometry is _ the ability to make a positive identification using IR spectrophometry?

Less than

The amount of spatter from a blood droplet falling on a hard, non-porous surface is ________ that of a drop of blood of equal size, falling from the same distance, onto a softer, porous surface.

Less than

The amount of spatter from a blood droplet falling on a hard, non-porous surface is _____________ that of a drop of blood of equal size, falling from the same distance, onto a softer, porous surface.

Less than

The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is ----- the number of deltas found in a loop pattern.

Less than

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is -----the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint.

Less than

What is the name of the search pattern in which one or two investigators start at the boundary at one end of the scene and walk straight across to the other side?

Line

Which crime-scene search pattern does not require more than one investigator?

Line

Which search pattern is most reliant on the boundaries established?

Line

A blood stain that impacts a surface at a low angle will have a ________ tail than one that impacts at a higher angle.

Longer

The most common ridge pattern is the:

Loop

Explosives that decompose at relatively slow rates are classified as:

Low explosives

An impact pattern consisting of large separate drops with diameters of 5 millimeters is:

Low velocity splatter

LSD is a chemical derivative of ??? a chemical obtained from the ergot fungus that grows on certain grasses and grains.

Lysergic acid

Duque nous-Levine solutions were used on a sample and the chloroform layer turned purple. This suggests that the tested substance is?

Marijuana

The Duquenois-Levine test is a viable color test for?

Marijuana

What is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States today?

Marijuana

Which drug is often incorrectly classified as a narcotic?

Marijuana

Which of the following is not derived from opium?

Marijuana

The ??? color test reagent turn orange-brown in the presence of amphetamines.

Marquis

The ??? color test reagent turns purple in the presence of heroin.

Marquis

The reagent used for the field test of her ion is?

Marquis

Complex chromatographic accelerants patterns can be simplified by:

Mass spectrometry

The administration of which drug eliminates an addicts desire for heroin?

Methadone

Which of the following is U.S. Supreme Court decision which dealt with the impropriety of the warrantless collection of physical evidence at a homicide scene?

Mincey v. Arizona

Blood samples taken for alcohol testing must be taken only with the driver's consent according to:

Missouri v McNeely

Heroin is a chemical derivative of?

Morphine

The primary constituent of opium is?

Morphine

c. product rule

Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring factors is called the: a. Multiplication rule. b. Frequency rule. c. Product rule. d. Factor rule.

Videotapes of the crime scene:

Must be complemented by a hard copy of notes and separate still photographs

c. A database for firearm evidence

NIBIN is/are: a. Trade groups of firearms manufacturers. b. Safety education courses for firearm use. c. A database for firearm evidence. d. Lists of licensed gun dealers.

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with;

Ninhydrin

c. Protein material

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect: a. Fatty acids. b. Riboflavin. c. Protein material. d. Salt.

Sinlge base smokeless power consists of:

Nitrocellulose

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?

No minimum exists

Which of the following acts is permissible for officers at the scene?

None of the above: Eat, Drink, Smoke

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?

None to date

Under which circumstances have two people have been found to have identical fingerprints?

None to date

The building blocks of the DNA molecule are known as:

Nucleotides

d. Cast

Objects bearing tool marks should either be submitted intact to the crime lab or a _____ should be taken of the tool mark. a. Digital photograph b. Film photograph c. Black and white photograph d. Cast

The presence of a cast-off pattern shows that there were more than ________ blow(s) delivered:

One

Who is known as the "father of forensic toxicology"?

Orfila

Which chemical reaction is associated with a fire?

Oxidation

Which of the following statements is true?

Oxidations are chemical reactions that produce new substances.

A legally manufactured drug that is chemically related to heroin and heavily abused is?

OxyContin

Many explosive must have their own source of:

Oxygen

Which hallucinogen can be synthesized by a simple chemical process and is often manufactured in clandestine laboratories?

PCP

Which is often used as the explosive core in a detonating cord?

PETN

Charred debris from an arson scene should be:

Packaged in airtight glass jars.

Which chromatographic process would be least likely to be utilized in the crime lab?

Paper chromatography

Special circumstances at a crime scene may require the use of the following for evidence collection, EXCEPT:

Particle masks, Biohazard packages, Coveralls. (All of the above may be required)

The quantity of a substance separated by gas chromatography can be determined by its?

Peak area

The scientific method requires that scientific evidence be validated by:

Performing experiments, formulating hypotheticals and formulating pertinent questions.

Setting up a rectangular border of rulers around the patterns and then placing a small ruler next to each stain describes the:

Perimeter ruler method

The presence of high levels of carbon monoxide in the blood of a victim found at the scene of a suspicious fire is proof that the victim:

Perished after the fire started

The lay witness provides testimony that relies on:

Personal knowledge

Which barbiturate is absorbed more slowly than the others?

Phenobarbital

Which component of DNA forms the backbone of the molecule?

Phosphate group and sugar

Widely spaced bloodly shoeprints with satellite spatter between the shoeprints were likely deposited by an individual who was:

Running

Widely spaced bloody shoeprints with satellite spatter between the shoeprints were likely deposited by an individual who was:

Running

Rough surfaces usually result in stains with:

Satellite spatter

Drugs deemed to have the highest potential for abuse and also having a current medical use are listed in which schedule of the Controlled Substance Act?

Schedule 2

The ??? test is a widely used color test for cocaine.

Scott

The AFIS----- determines the degree of ------ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database.

Search algorithm; correlation

The AFIS _____ determines the degree of _____ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database.

Search algorithm;correlation

The first officer arriving at the crime scene, after providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects, should immediately

Secure the scene

Which part of cannabis contains the least amount of thc?

Seeds

Telltale signs of arson include:

Separate points of origin, trails of burn patterns, and the presence of containers.

The drug recognition expert evaluation process can suggest the presence of how many broad categories of drugs?

Seven

CODIS is a national system of:

Shared database of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence

a. Photographing and casting with dental stone

Shoe and tire marks impressed into soft Earth can be best preserved by: a. Photographing and casting with dental stone. b. Photographing and then use of the electrostatic lifting technique. c. Casting with dental stone and then attempting the electrostatic lift technique. d. Both a and b

In the grid method of bloodstain documentation, a grid of squares of known dimensions is created over an entire pattern in order to:

Show the relative sizes of bloodstains in photographs

________ transfer patterns are produced when the object makes contact with the surface and the object is removed without any movement.

Simple

________________ transfer patterns are produced when the object makes contact with the surface and the object is removed without any movement.

Simple

d. Fauld

Sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by: a. Henry b. Bertillon c. Vucetich d. Fauld

Success in the recognition and collection of physical evidence is determined primarily by the:

Skill of personnel processing the crime scene.

Which is a natural heat producing process that may give rise to a fire?

Spontaneous combustion

Methamphetamine is a?

Stimulant

a. Iodine fuming

Sublimation occurs with the use of: a. Iodine fuming. b. Cyanoacrylate. c. Laser-print detection. d. Silver nitrate.

a. Cardboard

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on: a. Cardboard. b. Metal. c. Leather. d. Plastic bags.

Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth of crime labs during the last 40 years?

Supreme Court decisions in the 1960s Advent of DNA profiling. Staggering increase in crime rates in the United States

Which of the following depicts correct base-pairing in DNA?

T-A

assume that two strands of dna have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is atcg state the sequence of bases on the second strand

TACG

Which is a homemade explosive that has been used by terrorist organizations in the Middle East?

TATP

Which is a homemade explosive that has been used by terrorist organizations in the Middle​ East

TATP

The active ingredient of marijuana largely responsible for its hallucinogenic properties is?

THC

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next:

Take a 1:1 photograph of the print

Forensic odontogy refers to the study of:

Teeth

The Reinsch test would NOT be used to detect:

Copper

Which is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?

Core

The pattern and intensity of dependency on a drug does not depend on the?

Cost of the drug

The most difficult drug addiction to overcome is that of?

Crack cocaine

Which of the following services are typically provided to law enforcement by crime laboratories?

Criminalists

a. High-intensity light sources

Currently, which of the following, in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent prints? a. High-intensity light sources b. IR light c. UV light d. Laser illumination

The comparison of two bullets is possible with the comparison microscope. Such a study is made difficult by the fact​ that: A. Lands and grooves are subject to wear and tear and hence striations markings are susceptible to continuing change. B. Often evidence bullets are distorted on impact and only small areas are found with intact markings. C. The presence of grit and rust can to some degree alter the markings on bullets fired through the same barrel. D. All of the above

D. All of the above.

The crime scene notes must accurately​ record: A. The tasks assigned each investigator. B. Descriptions of evidence present at the crime scene. C. Personnel arrivals and departures from the scene. D. All of the above

D. All of the above.

The purpose of the crime scene search is to​ locate: A. Bloodstain patterns. B. Fingerprint evidence. C. DNA-containing evidence. D. All physical evidence.

D. All physical evidence.

​Two-dimensional imprints found at a crime scene can be lifted​ using: A. A silicone casting medium. B. Photographic paper. C. A scanning electron lifter. D. An electrostatic lifting device.

D. An electrostatic lifting device

Which statement is true of a partial​ fingerprint? A. Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern. B. At least​ 75% of the pattern must be present for identification. C. It must show at least a little of all ten fingers. D. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.

D. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.

b. Chocolate

The "dermal nitrate test" has fallen into disfavor because of its lack of specificity. Which of the following common materials does NOT give a misleading positive reaction to this test? a. Tobacco b. Chocolate c. Urine d. Cosmetics

d. This method will definitely demonstrate common origin when a match is made

The "jigsaw fit" of known and questioned fragments is important for court presentation primarily because: a. It is a quick way of demonstrating how the object broke. b. Courts and juries are too nonscientific to understand it any other way. c. Instrumental analysis is too complicated to explain to nontechnical juries. d. This method will definitely demonstrate common origin when a match is made.

10) PCR is a technique that: A) Provides a statistical analysis of the nitrogenous-base pairings. B) Produces information regarding the sequence of nitrogenous bases. C) Virtually eliminates operator error from DNA analysis. D) Can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA.

D) Can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA.

49) Whole blood collected for DNA typing purposes must be placed in a vacuum containing the preservative: A) Rh factor. B) CODIS. C) Ethylene glycol. D) EDTA.

D) EDTA.

2) DNA is a(n): A) Enzyme. B) Protein. C) Starch. D) Polymer.

D) Polymer.

26) Which statement is not correct for Y-STRs? A) Female STRs will not yield a Y-STR profile. B) Y-STRs can be amplified by PCR. C) A typical Y-STR pattern has one band. D) Y-STR types are typically shorter in length as compared to X-STRs.

D) Y-STR types are typically shorter in length as compared to X-STRs.

34) The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism's: A) Environment. B) Amino acids. C) Nitrogenous bases. D) DNA nucleotide sequence.

D)) DNA nucleotide sequence.

A precipitin test can be used to​ identify: A. Cat blood. B. Human blood. C. Dog blood. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

A stain can tentatively be identified as blood​ by: A. The luminol test. B. The benzidine test. C. The phenolphthalein test. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged​ in: A. Breath. B. Perspiration. C. Urine. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Analyzing segments of hair for drug content may define the timeline for drug​ use, dating it back over a period​ of: A. Weeks. B. Years. C. Days. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene​ because: A. Safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly. B. Accelerants in soil may rapidly degrade. C. Accelerant residues may quickly evaporate. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

During the production of monoclonal​ antibodies, which step is not​ followed? A. Remove the​ animal's spleen cells. B. Inject an animal with the antigen of interest. C. Fuse the spleen cells to malignant blood cells. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Evidence to substantiate that a rape occurred could​ include: A. Hairs. B. Blood and semen. C. Fibers. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Factors that can contribute to abnormal observations at a fire scene​ include: A. Winds or drafts. B. Stairways or elevator shafts. C. Secondary fires due to collapsing floors or roof. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

In routine blood​ banking, which​ antigen(s) must be determined in testing for​ compatibility? A. A B. B C. D D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Telltale signs of arson​ include: A. Trails of burn patterns. B. The presence of containers. C. Separate points of origin. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What is true about monoclonal​ antibodies? A. They are produced utilizing rapidly multiplying​ blood-cancer cells. B. They are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen. C. They are expected to be​ medicine's version of the​ "magic bullet." D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is a poor conductor of​ heat? A. Wood B. Paper C. Plastic D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which is NOT a factor in determining the rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the​ bloodstream? A. The presence or absence of food in the stomach B. The amount consumed C. The alcoholic content of the beverage D. All of the above are factors.

D. All of the above are factors

Of the​ following, which is an acid​ drug? A. Cocaine B. PCP C. Methadone D. Aspirin

D. Aspirin

Which substance has the highest ignition​ temperature? A. Fuel oil​ #2 B. Turpentine C. Kerosene D. Benzene

D. Benzene

Hydrocarbon accelerants can be detected​ by: A. Trained dogs. B. A portable detector​ (sniffer). C. Most people. D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Movement of heat through a solid object is caused​ by: A. Radiation. B. Conduction. .C. Convection. D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

Which blood components are directly pertinent to the forensic aspects of blood​ identification? A. Platelets B. Red blood cells C. Blood serum D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

Which is the most widely used low​ explosive? A. Potassium chlorate and sugar B. Black powder C. Smokeless powder D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

The speed in a low explosive is called the speed​ of: A. Oxidation. B. Detonation. C. Combustion. D. Deflagration.

D. Deflagration.

Field sobriety tests that can be employed to ascertain the degree of an​ individual's alcohol impairment normally do not include the​ following: A. ​Portable, roadside breath tester. B. Walk and turn. C. Horizontal gaze nystagmus. D. Gas chromatography.

D. Gas chromatography.

Which type of explosives detonate almost instantaneously to produce a smashing or shattering​ effect? A. Instantaneous explosives B. Low explosives C. Detonating explosives D. High explosives

D. High explosives

EMIT is NOT​ a(n): A. Screening test for suspected marijuana smoking. B. Immunological assay technique that utilizes antibodies. C. Speedy test to detect methadone in urine. D. Highly specific process to identify drugs in blood.

D. Highly specific process to identify drugs in blood.

Some​ breath-testing devices for alcohol use​ ________ light to measure the quantity of alcohol trapped in a chamber. A. Visible B. Colored C. Ultraviolet D. Infrared

D. Infrared

Examples of secondary explosives do NOT​ include: A. PETN B. RDX C. TNT D. Lead azide

D. Lead azide

Explosives that decompose at relatively slow rates are classified​ as: A. High explosives. B. Decomposing explosives. C. Slow explosives. D. Low explosives.

D. Low explosives.

An individual who is type O​ has: A. B antibodies. B. O antibodies. C. A antibodies. D. Neither A nor B antibodies.

D. Neither A nor B antibodies.

In the case of Schmerber v. California​, blood was categorized as​ being: A. Testimonial evidence. B. Indirect evidence. C. Direct evidence. D. Nontestimonial evidence.

D. Nontestimonial evidence.

Many explosives must have their own source​ of: A. Heat. B. Fuel. C. Energy. D. Oxygen.

D. Oxygen.

Which is often used as the explosive core in a detonating​ cord? A. TNT B. RDX C. ​C-4 D. PETN

D. PETN

The D antigen is also known as the​ ________ antigen. A. AB B. X C. Monoclonal D. Rh

D. Rh

The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction comes​ from: A. The composition of the​ fuel-air mix. B. The presence of oxygen in the reaction. C. The emission of radiation. D. The breaking and formation of chemical bonds.

D. The breaking and formation of chemical bonds.

The minimum temperature at which fuel vapor will ignite is known​ as: A. The flash point. B. The glow temperature. C. The boiling point. D. The ignition temperature.

D. The ignition temperature.

Which of the following statements is​ false? A. Dried bloodstains may tentatively be identified as blood by a peroxidase test. B. ​A-B-O antigens are present in all human blood. C. All bloods contain the enzyme peroxidase. D. The​ Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin.

D. The​ Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin.

After a blood sample is collected for alcohol​ testing, a(n)​ ________ is added to stop the blood from clotting. A. Fuel cell B. Monochromator C. Preservative D. ​Anti-coagulant

D. ​Anti-coagulant

The​ FBI's IAFIS became fully operational​ in: A. 1991 B. 1997 C. 1989 :) D. 1999

D. 1999

What percentage of the population falls into the​ 1/1 Primary Classification​ category? A. 30% B. ​10% C. ​20% D. ​25%

D. 25%

NIBIN​ is/are: A. Trade groups of firearms manufacturers. B. Lists of licensed gun dealers. C. Safety education courses for firearm use. D. A database for firearm evidence.

D. A database for firearm evidence

A technique applicable for determining whether or not an individual has recently fired a weapon​ is: A. Neutron activation analysis. B. The scanning electron microscope. C. Atomic absorption analysis. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Barbiturates act​ to: A. Produce sleep. B. Promote relaxation. C. Create a feeling of​ well-being. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Distinctive markings of shells and cartridges can be made by​ the: A. Breech face mark. B. Firing pin. C. Extractor and ejector mechanism. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Livescan images of​ fingerprints: A. Are captured when the​ subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen. B. Have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards. C. Are sent to the AFIS database electronically. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Marijuana has potential use in which medical​ application? A. Reduction of excessive eye pressure in glaucoma B. Lessening of nausea caused by anticancer drugs C. Useful as a muscle relaxant D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Most narcotics​ are: A. Obtained from opium. B. Physically addicting. C. Depressants to the central nervous system. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

The sniffing of volatile solvents can​ cause: A. Slurred speech and double vision. B. Feelings of exhilaration and euphoria. C. Drowsiness and stupor. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

There is a significant likelihood that continued use of​ ________ will result in a high degree of psychological dependence. A. Heroin B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What is true about the​ "club drug"​ Rohypnol? A. It is​ odorless, colorless, and tasteless. B. It is enhanced when combined with alcohol. C. It results in loss of memory of what happened in the hours after ingestion. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following are considered to be​ "club drugs"? A. Rohypnol B. MDMA C. Ketamine D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is considered to be a​ hallucinogen? A. Mescaline B. Phencyclidine​ (PCP) C. Psilocybin D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which physical symptom is part of the abstinence​ syndrome? A. Stomach cramps and vomiting B. Convulsions C. Body chills D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which type of evidence must be packaged separately from other​ evidence? A. Arson evidence B. ​DNA-containing evidence C. Biological stain evidence D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not a​ depressant? A. Valium B. Librium C. Methaqualone D. All of the above are depressants.

D. All of the above are depressants.

Special circumstances at a crime scene may require the use of the following for evidence​ collection, EXCEPT: A. Particle masks. B. Biohazard packages. C. Coveralls. D. All of the above may be required.

D. All of the above may be required.

Investigators should collect possible carriers of trace​ evidence, which may​ include: A. Clothing. B. Vacuum sweepings. C. Fingernail scrapings. D. All of the above

D. All of the above.

Physical evidence at a​ hit-and-run scene could​ include: A. Fiber and tissue. B. Glass fragments. C. Fabric impressions. D. All of the above

D. All of the above.

Physical evidence may be obtained​ from: A. The suspect. B. The crime scene. C. The victim. D. All of the above

D. All of the above.

The best way to guarantee that the evidence will withstand inquiries about what happened to it from the time of its finding to its presentation in court is​ to: A. Properly mark evidence for identification. B. Properly complete evidence submission forms. C. Properly record the crime scene. D. All of the above

D. All of the above.

The location of an item of evidence on a crime scene sketch is shown by its distance from points of reference​ that: A. Can be transported to the crime laboratory. B. Are within ten feet of the item. C. Are located outside the boundaries of the crime scene. D. Are fixed or immovable.

D. Are fixed or immovable.

All of the following items may be placed in an airtight container​ EXCEPT: A. Hairs and fibers. B. Charred debris recovered from a fire. C. Glass. D. ​Blood-stained clothing.

D. Blood-stained clothing.

Changes to​ evidence, such as​ contamination, can be prevented by handling evidence​ with: A. Latex gloves. B. ​Dry, bare hands. C. Disposable forceps. D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

The first responding officer must make attempts at the crime scene to detain and​ question: A. Witnesses. B. Unauthorized personnel. C. Suspects. D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

The friction skin​ ridges: A. Have no useful purpose other than identification. B. Provide a firmer grip. C. Resist slippage. D. Both B and C

D. Both B and C

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use​ on: A. Metal B. Plastic bags C. Leather D. Cardboard

D. Cardboard

Objects bearing tool marks should either be submitted intact to the crime lab or a​ ________ should be taken of the tool mark. A. Digital photograph B. Film photograph C. Black and white photograph D. Cast

D. Cast

"Designer" drugs​ are: A. High-end products of the major pharmaceutical companies. B. Often abused by the wealthy. C. Very often used in the fashion industry. D. Chemically related to controlled substances.

D. Chemically related to controlled substances.

The most satisfactory way of simultaneously separating and tentatively identifying drugs is​ by: A. Infrared spectrophotometry. B. Emission spectroscopy. C. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry. D. Chromatography.

D. Chromatography.

Which type of test would logically be used first by the drug​ analyst? A. Gas chromatography B. Microcrystalline C. TLC D. Color

D. Color

A low dose of alcohol will NOT​ inhibit: A. Judgement B. Concentration. C. Memory. D. Confidence.

D. Confidence.

Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a​ fingerprint? A. Bifurcation B. Island C. Enclosure D. Core

D. Core

The most difficult drug addiction to overcome is that​ of: A. Alcohol B. Nicotine C. Heroin D. Crack Cocaine

D. Crack Cocaine

Fingerprints are​ formed: A. During the first six months after birth. B. By the time a child is two years old. C. At birth. D. During fetal development

D. During fetal development

b. Search algorithm, correlation

The AFIS _____ determines the degree of _____ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database. a. Relative position, orientation b. Search algorithm, correlation c. Identification system, minutiae d. Software configurations, difference

The tendency of the public to believe that every crime scene will yield forensic evidence and their unrealistic expectations that a prosecutor's case should always be bolstered and supported by forensic evidence is known as:

The CSI effect

a. 1998

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) became fully operational in what year? a. 1998 b. 1991 c. 1978 d. 1999

d. 1999

The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in: a. 1977. b. 1989. c. 1991. d. 1999.

Once the lead investigator determines that all pertinent evidence at the crime scene has been located, the investigators must perform what?

The Final Survey

b. RCMP

The PDQ is maintained by the: a. FBI. b. RCMP. c. ATF. d. National DNA Database.

Digital crime scene photographs require special measures to assure their admissibility in court due to:

The ability to manipulate the images

a. SICAR

The automated shoe print identification system is known as: a. SICAR b. NIBIN c. ATF d. IBIS

b. Is smooth without the grooves and lands found in rifles

The barrel of a shotgun: a. Is indistinguishable from that of a rifle. b. Is smooth without the grooves and lands found in rifles. c. Is generally shorter than that of a rifle. d. Is wider at the end to concentrate shot.

Which of the following CANNOT be determined from a laboratory examination of evidence recovered from an arson?

The brand name of gasoline used to start the fire

The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction comes from:

The breaking and formation of chemical bonds.

b. CODIS

The computerized database used to store DNA information is: a. AFIS. b. CODIS. c. NIBIN. d. Drugfire.

c. support other investigative findings

The corroborative use of physical evidence means that it can be used to: a. Provide a lead to give the investigation direction. b. Establish a definite identity. c. Support other investigative findings. d. Rule out a particular suspect.

Physical evidence may be obtained from:

The crime scene, The victim, The suspect. (All of the above)

a. PDQ

The database that contains chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paints is the: a. PDQ. b. NIBIN. c. SICAR. d. IAFIS.

b. SICAR

The database that includes more than 300 manufacturers of shoes with more than 8,000 different sole patterns is the: a. PDQ. b. SICAR. c. IAFIS. d. CODIS.

The deposition of backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound is determined by:

The distance between the victim and the muzzle, the size of the wound created and the location of the injury.

a. Determination of the distance from which the gun was fired

The distribution of gunpowder particles and other discharge residues around a bullet hole permits: a. Determination of the distance from which the gun was fired. b. Determination of the kind of firearm used. c. Estimation of the angle of bullet impact. d. Estimation of the height of the shooter.

The approximate drying time of a pool of blood can be used to estimate timing of events at a crime scene and is dependent upon:

The environmental condition of the scene

The evidence suggests which suspect raped the victim? *Use the DNA RFLP patter of evidence from a rape investigation to answer this question.

The evidence shows that none of these suspects is a match

a. comparison

The examination of a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim's garment side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of: a. Comparison. b. Identification. c. Classification. d. Individualization.

a. Henry

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by: a. Henry b. Vucetich c. Herschel d. Fauld

a. Arch

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the: a. Arch. b. Radial loop. c. Ulnar loop. d. Whorl.

d. Alphonse Bertillon

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by: a. Francis Galton b. Richard Henry c. William Herschel d. Alphonse Bertillon

How does the first transfer pattern in a series differ from subsequent ones?

The first transfer pattern will be dark and heavy with blood, whereas subsequent transfers will be increasingly lighter in color.

d. both b and c

The friction skin ridges: a. Have no useful purpose other than identification. b. Provide a firmer grip. c. Resist slippage. d. Both b and c

A fuel can only achieve combustion in:

The gaseous state

The minimum temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite is called:

The ignition temperature

The minimum temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite is​ called:

The ignition temperature

The minimum temperature at which fuel vapor will ignite is known as:

The ignition temperature

d. Pixels

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called: a. Bytes b. Cubic millimeters c. Screen elements d. Pixels

Warrantless searches are permitted under law in all of the following situations EXCEPT:

The injury or death of a police officer or law enforcement employee.

The size and location of the crime scene, as well as the events that occurred there, will determine:

The kind of search pattern that is used to locate evidence

b. Less than

The likelihood of detecting GSR on swabs taken from living subjects more than six hours after a firing has occurred is _____ the likelihood of detecting GSR within two hours of a firing. a. The same as b. Less than c. Greater than d. None of the above

c. greater than

The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ______ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics. a. The same as b. Less than c. Greater than

Name three factors that affect the amount of backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound.

The location of injury, the size of the wound created, and the distance between the victim and the muzzle of the weapon all affect the amount of backward spatter that occurs.

The desposition of backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound is determined by:

The location of the injury, the location of the surface of desposition, the distance between the victim and the muzzle and the size of the wound created

Paternity testing is done involving a woman with type AB blood who has accused a man with type B blood of fathering her child who has tested AB. What can be determined in this case?

The male could have fathered the child.

The successful outcome of a criminal investigation is almost always directly related to:

The manner in which the evidence is collected and preserved

Which of the following statements is false?

The mass spectrometer measures the absorption of light by alcohol

What is crime scene reconstruction?

The method used to support a likely sequence of events by the observation and evaluation of physical evidence, as well as statements made by those involved with the incident

a. Loop

The most common ridge pattern is the: a. Loop. b. Whorl. c. Accidental. d. Arch.

c. Bifurcation and ridge ending

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS) are the: a. Ridge ending and island. b. Ridge crossing and short ridge. c. Bifurcation and ridge ending. d. Bifurcation and trifurcation.

The manner of collecting and preserving physical evidence at a crime scene is determined by:

The nature of the evidence.

The advantages of tape-recording crime scene notes on an audio tape include all of the following EXCEPT:

The notes can be recorded at the crime laboratory instead of at the crime scene

a. Skin ridges

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the: a. Skin ridges. b. Friction grooves. c. Dermis. d. Dermal papillae.

a. Infrared photography

The presence of gunpowder residues on a garment whose color conceals the existence of the residue is best revealed by: a. Infrared photography. b. Ultraviolet photography. c. Color photography. d. Infrared spectrophotometry.

In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, Inc., the U.S. Supreme Court advocated that a "gatekeeper" determine the admissibility and reliability of scientific evidence. This gatekeeper is the:

Trial judge

A distance determination can be estimated by measuring the spread of the discharged shot. True False

True

A fire will burn until either the oxygen or the fuel is exhausted. T/F

True

A fuel must be in its gaseous state to produce combustion when it reacts with oxygen. T/F

True

A heterozygous gene pair is made up of two different alleles while a homozygous gene pair is made up of two similar alleles. T/F

True

A lay witness's testimony cannot usually contain the personal opinions of the witness. (T/F)

True

A loop must have at least one delta (T/F)

True

A loop must have at least one delta. True False

True

A plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns. True False

True

A polygraph examination does not normally lie within the expertise of the forensic scientist. (T/F)

True

A screening test gives quick insight into the likelihood that a specimen contains a drug substance while a confirmation test identifies a specific drug. T/F

True

A screening test gives quick insight into the likelihood that a specimen contains a drug substance while a confirmation test identifies a specific drug. True or False?

True

A search of the fire scene must focus on finding the​ fire's point of origin. T/F

True

A weapon recovered from underwater should be transported to the laboratory in a receptacle containing enough of the same water in which it was found to keep it submerged. True False

True

After the latent print has been visualized, a photograph must be taken before any further attempts at preservation (T/F)

True

Back spatter consists of the blood projected backward from the source. (T/F)

True

Black powder does not explode when unconfined. T/F

True

Bloodstained materials should be packaged in wrapping​ paper, manila​ envelopes, or paper bags. True False

True

Bombs made of high explosives must be detonated by an initiating explosion. T/F

True

Caliber is a measure of the diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm. True False

True

Cocaine is classified as a narcotic under current federal law. True and False?

True

Combustion is accompanied by the production of noticeable heat and light. T/F

True

Digital imaging is a process through which a picture is converted into pixels (T/F)

True

Digital imaging is a process through which a picture is converted into pixels. True False

True

Dr. Walter C. McCrone made significant contributions to forensic science using the microscope. (T/F)

True

Drops propelled from a small or pointed surface will be smaller and the pattern more linear. (T/F)

True

Drugs prepared from opium include​ morphine, heroin, and codeine. True or False?

True

During crime scene reconstruction, no evidence or data should ever be excluded. (T/F)

True

It is important to include a brief description of the case history on an evidence submission form. True False

True

Microcrystalline tests are far less sensitive than color tests for blood identification. T/F

True

Most human cells contain​ forty-six chromosomes, arranged in​ twenty-three mated pairs. T/F

True

One major problem of the forensic DNA community is the backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples (T/F)

True

One of the most frequent uses of the EMIT technique in forensic laboratories has been for screening the urine of suspected marijuana smokers. T/F

True

Paper is not good for spreading a fire and causing ignitions far from the initial heat source. T/F

True

Rusting is not accompanied by combustion. T/F

True

Shortly after a weapon is​ fired, residues are most likely to be deposited on the thumb web and the back of the firing hand of a shooter. True False

True

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes had a large influence on popularizing scientific crime -detection methods. (T/F)

True

T/F: Drops propelled from a small or pointed surface will be smaller and the pattern more linear

True

T/F: During crime scene reconstruction, no evidence or data should ever be excluded

True

T/F: the tails of the drops in a trail pattern point in the direction that the person was moving

True

The ACE-V process requires an independent examination by a second examiner (T/F)

True

The American Academy of Forensic Sciences is the largest forensic science organization in the world. (T/F)

True

The SEM approach for primer residue detection is its enhanced specificity over hand swabbing. True False

True

The United States has no national system of forensic laboratories. (T/F)

True

The areas searched by crime scene investigators must include all probable points of entry and exit used by the criminal. True False

True

The blood factors belonging to the​ A-B-O system are the most important for properly matching a donor and recipient for a transfusion. T/F

True

The brand name of a gasoline sample cannot currently be determined by any technique. T/F

True

The case of Frye v. United States deals with the legal issue of general acceptance of scientific principles (T/F)

True

The comparison of hairs and fibers would be performed in the biology unit. (T/F)

True

The concentration of a drug present in urine is a poor indicator of how extensively an​ individual's behavior or state is influenced by the drug. T/F

True

The concentration of a drug present in urine is poor indicator of how extensively an individual's behavior or state is influenced by the drug. True or False?

True

The current system of laboratories in the U.S. is decentralized. (T/F)

True

The easiest way to recover accelerant residues from​ fire-scene debris is to heat the airtight container in which the sample is sent to the laboratory. T/F

True

The federal government has no single law enforcement or investigative agency that has unlimited jurisdiction throughout the country. (T/F)

True

The firearms unit may also analyze tool marks. (T/F)

True

The first critical step in crime scene investigation is securing and isolating the crime scene. True False

True

The five basic services a crime lab can provide are the physical science unit, the biology unit, the firearms unit, the document examination unit, and the photography unit. (T/F)

True

The location of injury, the size of the wound created, the distance between the victim and the muzzle of the weapon all affect the amount of backward spatter that occurs. (T/F)

True

The main disadvantage of digital photography for recording crime scenes is that digital photographs can be easily manipulated by using computer software. True False

True

The main objective in collecting and packaging physical evidence is to prevent any change in the evidence between the time it is removed from the crime scene and the time it is received by the crime laboratory. True False

True

The manner of collecting and preserving physical evidence at a crime scene is determined by the nature of the evidence. True False

True

The most obvious characteristic of a high or contained low explosive is the presence of a crater at the origin of the blast. T/F

True

The most widespread method for rapidly determining alcohol intoxication is breath testing. T/F

True

The most widespread method for rapidly determining alcohol intoxication is breath testing. True or False?

True

The need to prevent the immediate loss or destruction of evidence is justification for a warrantless search. True False

True

The officer charged with protecting the scene has the authority to exclude fellow officers. True False

True

The perspiration in fingerprints contains a variety of components that fluoresce when illuminated by laser light (T/F)

True

The perspiration in fingerprints contains a variety of components that fluoresce when illuminated by laser light. True False

True

The physical science unit would perform soil and mineral analysis. (T/F)

True

The presence of prostate specific antigen​ (PSA) or p30 is useful for identifying a sample stain containing semen. T/F

True

The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system (T/F)

True

The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system. True False

True

The relative evidential value of laboratory test results is almost always dependent on the way the evidence is collected and presented for examination. True False

True

The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines the fingerprint pattern (T/F)

True

The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines the fingerprint pattern. True False

True

The tails of the drops in a trail pattern point in the direction that the person was moving (T/F)

True

The third fundamental principle of fingerprints is that fingerprints have general ridge patterns that permit them to be systematically classified. True False

True

The toxicology unit determines the alcoholic consumption of individuals. (T/F)

True

The two most commonly abused illegal stimulants are amphetamines and cocaine. True or False?

True

The velocity at which blood strikes a surface is not useful to describe the specific events that produced the spatter pattern. (T/F)

True

The​ ACE-V process requires an independent examination by a second examiner. True False

True

The​ victim's clothing and fingernail scrapings are common items of evidence that are sent to the forensic laboratory. True False

True

Type O blood is the most common in the United States. T/F

True

Unlike​ handguns, a shotgun is not rifled. True False

True

Voids may help investigators establish the body position of the victim or assailant at the time of the incident. (T/F)

True

Water does not interfere with laboratory methods used to detect and characterize flammable liquid residues. T/F

True

When removal of the original tool mark is​ impractical, the criminalist photographs the marked area to scale and makes a cast of the mark. True False

True

When the blood enters the​ lungs, it contains very little oxygen and a great deal of carbon dioxide. T/F

True

a plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns (T/F)

True

​Blood-stained clothing should not be placed in an airtight container. True False

True

A typical STR DNA type emanating from a single individual shows a __________ band pattern.

Two

_____________ region(s) of mitochondrial DNA have been found to be highly varible in the human population for forensic determinations.

Two

b. Antimony and barium

Two elements detected on the hands of an individual who has recently fired a weapon are: a. Zinc and copper b. Antimony and barium c. Barium and nitrates d. Antimony and iron

d. None to date

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints? a. Identical twins b. Siamese twins c. Fraternal twins d. None to date

Investigators should collect possible carriers of trace evidence which may include:

Vacuum sweepings, clothing, fingernail scrapings. (all of the above)

When an object blocks the deposition of blood spatter onto a target surface or object, the result is a:

Void pattern

What is the initial survey of the crime scene that is carried out by the lead investigator called?

Walk-through

About 95-98 percent of alcohol is oxidized to what two substances?

Water and carbon dioxide

d. No minimum exists

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same? a. 10 b. 12 c. 16 d. No minimum exists.

c. 25%

What percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 Primary Classification category? a. 30% b. 20% c. 25% d. 10%

b. Identification

When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of preparations that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of: a. Individualization. b. Identification. c. Classification. d. Comparison.

Which search pattern would be best for a crime scene where many investigators are available to search a large area?

Zone

A common classification system characterizes ignitable liquids based on their boiling point ranges and number of _____ molecules as light, medium, and heavy petroleum distillates. a. Carbon b. Hydrogen c. Petroleum d. Petrol

a

Movement of heat through a solid object is caused by: a. Conduction. b. Radiation. c. Convection. d. a and c

a

The quantity of heat from a chemical reaction comes from: a. The breaking and formation of chemical bonds. b. The presence of oxygen in the reaction. c. The emission of radiation. d. The composition of the fuel-air mix.

a

Which is NOT a high explosive? a. Black powder b. Dynamite c. RDX d. TNT

a

Which is an initiating explosive often used in detonators? a. Lead azide b. PETN c. TNT d. Dynamite

a

Which is available in commercial form as fertilizer? a. Ammonium nitrate b. Triacetone triperoxide c. Diazodinitrophenol d. Potassium chlorate

a

To determine whether a bloodstain is of human or animal origin, the serologist will perform:

a precipitin test.

Explosives that decompose at relatively slow rates are classified as: a. Decomposing explosives. b. Low explosives. c. High explosives. d. Slow explosives.

b

Many explosives must have their own source of: a. Fuel. b. Oxygen. c. Heat. d. Energy.

b

The speed in a low explosive is called the speed of: a. Detonation. b. Deflagration. c. Oxidation. d. Combustion.

b

What is radiation? a. Movement of heat through a solid object b. Transfer of heat energy from a heated surface to a cooler surface c. Transfer of heat energy by movement of molecules within a liquid or gas d. None of the above

b

What is the decomposition of organic matter by heat? a. Combustion b. Pyrolysis c. Ignition temperate d. Radiation

b

Which chemical reaction is associated with a fire? a. Reduction b. Oxidation c. Precipitation d. None of the above

b

Which is often used as the explosive core in a detonating cord? a. TNT b. PETN c. RDX d. C-4

b

The likelihood that spontaneous combustion will occur in improperly ventilated containers of highly unsaturated oils is _____ the likelihood that such combustion will occur with hydrocarbon lubricating oils. a. Less than b. Greater than c. The same as

b. greater than

Heat energy can ignite distant objects through the transmission of: a. Electrons. b. Streamers. c. Electromagnetic energy. d. Oxidizing agents.

c

Single-base smokeless powder consists of: a. Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. b. Potassium chlorate and nitrocellulose. c. Nitrocellulose. d. Nitroglycerine.

c

The transfer of heat energy by the movement of molecules within a liquid or gas is: a. Radiation. b. Oxidation. c. Convection. d. Conduction.

c

Materials that have electrons firmly attached to their molecules: a. Transfer heat by convection. b. Transfer heat by radiation. c. Are excellent conductors of heat. d. Are poor conductors of heat.

d

Most explosives can be recovered from debris for future study by being rinsed with: a. Water. b. Toluene. c. Kerosene. d. Acetone.

d

The minimum temperature at which fuel vapor will ignite is known as: a. The glow temperature b. The boiling point c. The flash point d. The ignition temperature

d

What is NOT true about primary explosives? a. They will detonate violently. b. Lead azide and lead styphnate are examples. c. They are used in blasting caps. d. They are very stable.

d

What is the major advantage of using the vapor concentration technique with gas chromatography? a. Low resolution of peaks associated with volatile residues b. Ability to determine relative concentration of solid residues c. Only non-volatile residues will be detected d. High sensitivity for detecting volatile residues

d

Which are common chemical ingredients of black powder? a. Aluminum, potassium, nitrate, nitrocellulose b. Sulfur, carbon, nitrogen c. Carbon, nitrocellulose, potassium chlorate d. Potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulfur

d

Which is a device used to screen objects for the presence of explosive residues? a. X-ray diffraction b. Mass spectrometry c. Infrared spectrophotometry d. Ion-mobility spectrometry

d

Which is the most widely used low explosive? a. Potassium chlorate and sugar b. Black powder c. Smokeless powder d. b and c

d

Which of the following is NOT a military explosive? a. RDX b. C-4 c. TNT d. Nitroglycerin

d

Which of the following is a poor conductor of heat? a. Wood b. Plastic c. Paper d. All of the above

d

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Potassium chlorate can be mixed with sulfuric acid and sugar to create a low explosive. b. Chemicals that supply oxygen are known as oxidizing agents. c. Smokeless powder is a low explosive. d. Dynamite is an initiating high explosive.

d

Which of the following statements is true? a. All chemical reactions give off heat. b. Heat is required to change one element into another. c. A chemical equation shows the number of atoms lost during a chemical reaction. d. Oxidations are chemical reactions that produce new substances.

d

Which type(s) of screening and confirmation tests are used for analyzing evidence of explosives? a. TLC b. Color spot tests c. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry d. All of the above

d

Hydrocarbon accelerants can be detected by: a. A portable detector (sniffer). b. Trained dogs. c. Most people. d. a and b

d. a and b

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene because: a. Accelerant residues may quickly evaporate. b. Safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly. c. Accelerants in soil may rapidly degrade. d. All of the above

d. all of the above

Factors that can contribute to abnormal observations at a fire scene include: a. Winds or drafts. b. Secondary fires due to collapsing floors or roof. c. Stairways or elevator shafts. d. All of the above

d. all of the above

Telltale signs of arson include: a. Separate points of origin. b. Trails of burn patterns. c. The presence of containers. d. All of the above

d. all of the above

Water being heated on a stove illustrates the concept of: a. Conduction. b. Radiation. c. Convection. d. All of the above

c

Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive TATP? a. Aluminum b. Magnesium c. Hydrogen peroxide d. Potassium chlorate

c

Which is an explosive readily detonated by heat or shock? a. Dynamite b. Secondary explosive c. Primary explosive d. ANFO

c

Which of the following CANNOT be determined from a laboratory examination of evidence recovered from an arson? a. The presence of gasoline, kerosene, or turpentine in debris b. Origin of liquid gasolines c. The brand name of gasoline used to start the fire d. The ignition mechanism used by the arsonist

c

Which type of explosives detonate almost instantaneously to produce a smashing or shattering effect? a. Dentoating explosives b. Low explosives c. High explosives d. Instantaneous explosives

c

Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing flammable residues? a. NAA b. IR c. GC d. TLC

c. GC

Which substance has the highest ignition temperature? a. Turpentine b. Fuel oil #2 c. Benzene d. Kerosene

c. benzene

Sam is a forensic toxicologist who is examining a body found at the scene of a fire. Although the body was not​ burnt; Sam felt that the most likely cause of death is asphyxiation as the red blood cells had a below normal count of pure hemoglobin. It was found that as the deceased was stuck in the fire and exposed to dangerous​ gases; there was not enough hemoglobin left to carry oxygen to the tissues. In this​ case, the deceased was exposed to the poison called

carbon monoxide

The toxicologist's capabilities are NOT directly dependent on the input from the:

case prosecutor

Carbon monoxide is toxic because it:

combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin

the method used to support a likely sequence of events at a crime scene by observing and evaluating physical evidence and statements made by individuals involved with the incident.

crime scene reconstruction

A procedure commonly used as a screening test for explosive residues is: a. Color spot tests. b. Thin-layer chromatography. c. Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. d. All of the above

d

All combustible fuels simultaneously igniting to engulf a structure in flames is known as: a. Pyrolysis. b. Spontaneous combustion. c. Combustion. d. Flashover.

d

Combustion occurring at the surface of a solid describes: a. Pyrolysis. b. Spontaneous combustion. c. Flash point. d. Glowing combustion.

d

Examples of secondary explosives do NOT include: a. TNT b. PETN c. RDX d. Lead azide

d

High explosives can be classified as either _____ or _____ explosives. a. Civilian; military b. Initial; secondary c. Military grade; non-military grade d. Primary; secondary

d

What is the rapid combination of oxygen with a fuel, which produces a noticeable release of energy? a. The flash point b. Explosion c. Ignition d. Combustion

d. combustion

What is the minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel will produce enough vapor to burn? a. Ignition temperature b. Sublimation temperature c. Critical temperature d. Flash point

d. flash point

Blood is drawn from living suspect involved in an automobile accident. If the specimen is kept unrefrigerated and at a moderately warm temperature the alcohol concentration can be expected to:

decrease with time

in general, as both the force and velocity of impact increase, what happens to the diameter of the resulting blood droplets?

decreases

If the crime scene includes a dead body, the photographer should:

depict injuries & weapons at the scene

The crime scene notes must accurately record

descriptions of evidence present at the crime scene, the tasks assigned each investigator, personnel arrivals and departures from the scene (a, b, c)

There is a _______ relationship between the amount of alcohol in the blood and that in the alveolar breath.

direct

In the PCR process, the first step is to heat the DNA strands. This is to permit the

double-stranded molecules to separate completely

occurs when back spatter strikes the shooter and enters the gun muzzle. Blood within the muzzle of a gun helps an investigator place a suspect weapon in the vicinity of a gunshot wound.

drawback effect

A victim's fingernail scrapings would be correctly packaged in:

druggist fold.

Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of

ethnicity

A breath test may be used to analyze:

ethyl alcohol

blood that is expelled from the mouth or nose from an internal injury. The presence of bubbles of oxygen in the drops can differentiate this bloodstain from other types of bloodstains. This may be lighter in color as a result of dilution by saliva.

expirated blood

sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area by:

fauld

a pattern made by drops or large amounts of blood flowing by the pull of gravity. If found on an object or body, does not appear consistent with the direction of gravity, one may surmise that the object or body was moved after the blood had dried.

flow pattern

The removal of any evidence from a person or from the scene of a crime must be done in conformity with the privileges of which amendment to the Constitution?

fourth

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizure..." is provided for in the United States by the:

fourth amendment

The analytical technique widely used for directly measuring the amount of alcohol present in the blood is:

gas chromatography

In forensic toxicology, all positive drug findings must be confirmed by s specific chemical test. The confirmation test of choice is:

gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Physical evidence that can be used to aid in a crime scene reconstruction includes

glass fragments, gunshot residues, blood spatters

The amount of acid phosphatase in seminal fluid is ________ the amount of acid phosphatase in blood.

greater than

Note that suspect B has only one band in his lane. This is most likely an indication that

he is homozygous for the gene.

In DNA replication, polymerases

help assemble the new DNA strands in proper base sequence

Carbon monoxide combines with what component of blood?

hemoglobin

The most basic methods of crime scene recording do NOT include:

infrared analysis

Which of the following is true of the drug recognition expert program?

it can supply credible evidence that a suspect was impaired at a specific time

Which of the following is not classified as a heavy metal?

lead

The rate of alcohol absorption on a full stomach is ______ the rate of absorption on an empty stomach.

less than

The sensitivity of the Takayama and Teichmann crystal tests for the identification of bloodstains is ________ the sensitivity of the Kastle-Meyer color test for bloodstain identification.

less than

Upon entering the bloodstream, heroin is almost immediately metabolized into:

morphine

which statement about notetaking is not true

note taking is done after all crime scene processing has been completed

the building blocks of the DNA molecule are known as

nucleotides

Which of the following is a poor conductor of​ heat?

paper, plastic, wood

Setting up a rectangular border of rulers around the patterns and then placing a smaller ruler next to each stain describes the

perimeter ruler method

The collection of standard reference samples at the crime scene is important because they:

permit comparisons to be made with the evidence

Evidence to substantiate that a rape occurred could include:

physical injuries, blood and semen, hairs, & fibers.

In digital photography, light is recorded as a specific charge on millions of tiny:

pixels

DNA is a _________

polymer

EMIT is a(n):

popular test in toxicology laboratories, screening test for suspected marijuana smoking, speedy test to detect methadone in urine & immunological assay technique that utilizes antibodies.

what information can an investigator gain from the location of the area of origin of a bloodstain pattern?

position of the person from which pattern originated

PSA (p30) is a:

protein unique to seminal plasma.

___________ transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

red blood cells

HIV1 and HIV2 are

regions of mtDNA

Rough surfaces usually result in stains with

satellite spatter

CODIS is a national system of

shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence.

In which hereditary disease does abnormal hemoglobin differ from normal hemoglobin by only a single amino acid

sickle-cell anemia

a rough sketch need not include a

sketch of the suspects

The conditions at a crime scene can be compromised by all of the following actions EXCEPT:

taking photographs at the crime scene

The approximate drying time of a pool of blood can be used to estimate timing of events at a crime scene and is dependent on

the environmental condition of the scene

Alcohol is oxidized in the body primarily in:

the liver

Buccal cells are obtained from:

the mouth and inside of the cheek

What should one surmise if a flow found on an object or body doesn't appear consistent with the direction of gravity?

the object or body was moved after the blood had dried

A stain can tentatively be identified as blood by:

the phenolphthalein test, the Bluestar® test, the luminol test, & the benzidine test

the skeletonized perimeter of a bloodstain can be used to interpret

the time elapsed btn deposition of the stain and alteration of the stain

Which of the following is true of alcohol analysis using the oxidation method?

this reaction is carried out in the presence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase

The elimination or "burn off" rate of alcohol averages ________ percent w/v per hour.

0.015

If the fuel concentration in the​ fuel-air mix is too low or too​ great, combustion does not occur. T/F

true

drops propelled from a blunt surface will be larger and the pattern will be

wide

The first responding officer must make attempts at the crime scene to obtain and question

witnesses and suspects (both a & c)

which crime scene search pattern would absolutely require more than one investigator

zone

Complex chromatographic accelerant patterns can be simplified​ by: A. Headspace analysis. B. Mass spectrometry. .C. ​Thin-layer chromatography. D. Gas chromatography.

B. Mass spectrometry.

Which of the following rifling methods is no longer in​ use? A. The button method B. The hook cutter method C. The broach cutter method D. The mandrel method

B. The hook cutter method

Which is NOT a class characteristic of a​ suspect's sneaker? A. Size B. Wear marks C. Color D. Brand

B. Wear masks

What is the major problem facing the forensic DNA community?

Backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples

.??? are called "downers" because they depress the central nervous system.

Barbiturates

The Dillie-Koppanyi reagent is useful in screening for?

Barbiturates

Which substance has the highest ignition temperature?

Benzene

Which type of evidence must be packaged separately from other evidence?

Biological stain evidence, DNA-containing evidence, Arson evidence (All of the above)

Which is NOT a high​ explosive?

Black Powder

Which is the most widely used low​ explosive?

Black and Smokeless powder

Which is NOT a high explosive?

Black powder

Which is the most widely used low explosive?

Black powder and smokeless powder.

Hydrocarbon accelerants can be detected​ by:

Both A and B: portable detector​ (sniffer). Trained dogs.

Forensic science is the application of science to:

Both Criminal and civil laws

What is the decomposition of organic matter by​ heat? A. Radiation B. Ignition temperate C. Pyrolysis D. Combustion

C. Pyrolysis

A fuel can only achieve combustion​ in: A. The liquid state. B. A​ liquid-solid phase. C. The gaseous state. D. The solid state.

C. The gaseous state.

Which of the following statements is​ false? A. Alcohol is broken down in the liver by oxidation. B. Alcohol is distributed nearly evenly throughout water portions of the body by blood. C. The mass spectrometer measures the absorption of light by alcohol. D. Alcohol can be considered a brain depressant.

C. The mass spectrometer measures the absorption of light by alcohol.

About​ 95-98 percent of alcohol is oxidized to what two​ substances? A. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid B. Water and acetic acid C. Water and carbon dioxide D. Carbon dioxide and dehydrogenase

C. Water and carbon dioxide

The blood alcohol concentration level for being presumed to be legally​ "Under the​ Influence" in most states​ is: A. ​0.0%. B. ​0.10%. C. ​0.08%. D. ​0.05%.

C. ​0.08%.

Which is NOT a widely used screening tool in the toxicology​ lab? A. TLC B. Immunoassay C. ​GC-MS D. None of the above

C. ​GC-MS

d. Comparison characteristics

19. Paint chips, random glass fragments, and synthetic fibers all exhibit: a. Individual characteristics. b. Class characteristics. c. Identification characteristics. d. Comparison characteristics.

The removal of an object or surface that was located between the origin of blood and the target surface during the bloodstain deposition leaves behind:

A void

c. Individual

A wear pattern, cut, gouge, or other damage pattern can impart _____ characteristics to a shoe. a. Class b. Wear c. Individual d. Generic

What is the concentration at which a​ vapor-to-fuel mixture in the air is capable of​ burning? A. Flammable range B. Lethal range C. Spontaneous concentration D. Heat of combustion

A. Flammable range

Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing flammable​ residues? A. GC B. NAA C. TLC D. IR

A. GC

Which step of the​ ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction​ ridges? A. Analysis B. Evaluation C. Comparison D. Verification

A. Analysis

There is​ a(n) ________ relationship between the amount of alcohol in the blood and that in the alveolar breath. A. Indirect B. Direct C. Variable D. Undetermined

B. Direct

All combustible fuels simultaneously igniting to engulf a structure in flames is known​ as: A. Combustion. B. Flashover. .C. Pyrolysis. D. Spontaneous combustion.

B. Flashover.

Carbon monoxide combines with what component of​ blood? A. Carboxyhemoglobin B. Hemoglobin C. Oxyhemoglobin D. White blood cells

B. Hemoglobin

Which of the following drugs is not found in blood or​ urine? A. Methadone B. Heroin .C. Morphine D. Amphetamine

B. Heroin

A gene pair made up of two similar alleleslong dash—for ​example, AA and BBlong dash—is said to​ be: A. Monoclonal. B. Homozygous. C. Heterozygous. D. Complementary.

B. Homozygous.

Which is a chemical used to synthesize the explosive​ TATP? A. Aluminum B. Hydrogen peroxide .C. Potassium chlorate D. Magnesium

B. Hydrogen peroxide

The amount of alcohol absorbed through the stomach walls is​ ________ the amount of alcohol absorbed through the walls of the small intestine. A. The same as B. Less than C. Greater than D. None of the above

B. Less than

Which unit applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime scene evidence?

Physical evidence

Which statement is true of the use of mild tranquilizers?

They reduce tension.

Physical developer​ contains: A. Silver nitrate. B. Iodine. C. Ninhydrin. D. Acrylate.

A. Silver nitrate

Which of the following is the most widely used and abused drug?

Alcohol

Which is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Double helix

The most common type of bloodstain pattern found at a crime scene is:

Impact spatter

DNA is a(n):

Polymer

Which chemical treatment produces a white appearing latent print?

Superglue fuming

Restriction enzymes:

cut DNA at specific sites

The second fundamental principle of fingerprints is that a fingerprint is an individual characteristic (T/F)

false

Movement of heat through a solid object is caused by:

Conduction

Movement of heat through a solid object is caused​ by:

Conduction

A low dose of alcohol will not inhibit?

Confidence

Which of the following is a poor conductor of heat?

Wood, paper and plastic

The DOT set the maximum allowable blood alcohol concentration for commercial truck and bus drivers at:

0.04%

The blood alcohol concentration level for being presumed to be legally "Under the Influence" in most states is:

0.08%

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to​ as: A. Plastic. B. Hidden. C. Latent. D. Dusted.

A. Plastic

The most common diluent of heroin​ is: A. Quinine. B. Starch. C. Procaine. D. Mannitol.

A. Quinine.

When an object with blood on it touches one that does not have blood on it, this produces a(n):

Contact pattern

The federal drug-control law is known as?

Controlled Substance Act

The transfer of heat energy by the movement of molecules within a liquid or gas is:

Convection

Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft​ wax? A. Plastic B. Visible C. Hidden D. Latent

A. Plastic

The elimination or​ "burn off" rate of alcohol averages​ ________ percent​ w/v per hour. A. 0.10 B. 0.015 C. 0.15 D. None of the above

B. 0.015

A neutral substance will have a pH closest​ to: A. 0. B. 7. .C. 2. D. 5.

B. 7.

Water being heated on a stove illustrates the concept of:

Convection

Water being heated on a stove illustrates the concept​ of:

Convection

27) Which of the following statements about mitochondrial DNA is incorrect? A) The number of repeat segments found in the hypervariable regions are used to type mitochondrial DNA. B) Many copies of mitochondrial DNA's hypervariable regions are made by PCR. C) Mitochondrial DNA is located outside the cell's nucleus. D) Mitochondrial DNA is constructed in a loop configuration.

A) The number of repeat segments found in the hypervariable regions are used to type mitochondrial DNA.

51) A conventional STR profile emanating from a mixture of DNA from male donors yields four peaks or bands for each locus present. How many peaks or bands would you normally expect for each locus if a Y-STR profile is performed on the same sample? A) Two B) Four C) One D) Three

A) Two

In routine blood banking, which antigen(s) must be determined in testing for compatibility?

A, B &D

To determine whether a bloodstain is of human or animal​ origin, the serologist will​ perform: A. A precipitin test. B. RIA. C. The luminol test. D. An analysis with Hemastix strips.

A. A precipitin test.

In Western​ countries, the most heavily abused​ drug(s) is/are: A. Alcohol. .B. Amphetamines. C. Tranquilizers. D. Barbiturates.

A. Alcohol.

From the choices​ below, select the one correct physical evidence collection procedure. A. Bloodstained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags. B. The​ victim's clothing should be obtained at the crime scene and vacuumed to obtain trace evidence. C. Items recovered from the scene of a murder should be sent along with the body to the medical examiner. D. All items collected from the same grid area should be packaged together.

A. Bloodstained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags.

Type AB blood​ contains: A. Both A and B antigens. Your answer is correct.B. ​Anti-A antibodies and B antigens. C. Both​ anti-A and​ anti-B antibodies. D. ​Anti-A antigens and​ anti-B antibodies.

A. Both A and B antigens.

The transfer of heat energy by the movement of molecules within a liquid or gas​ is: A. Convection. B. Oxidation. C. Conduction. D. Radiation.

A. Convection.

Water being heated on a stove illustrates the concept​ of: A. Convection. B. Conduction. C. Radiation. D. All of the above

A. Convection.

The Reinsch test would NOT be used to​ detect: A. Copper. B. Bismuth. C. Arsenic. D. Mercury.

A. Copper.

Blood is drawn from a living suspect involved in an automobile accident. If the specimen is kept unrefrigerated and at a moderately warm temperature the alcohol concentration can be expected​ to: A. Decrease with time. B. Remain unchanged. C. Increase with time. D. Either increase or decrease with time.

A. Decrease with time.

Luminol can be used at crime scenes​ to: A. Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing. .B. Light up the crime scene with a high degree of illumination. C. Locate latent prints that otherwise would be overlooked. D. Make hair evidence fluoresce.

A. Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing.

Which of the following statements is​ FALSE? A. Dynamite is an initiating high explosive. B. Smokeless powder is a low explosive. C. Chemicals that supply oxygen are known as oxidizing agents. D. Potassium chlorate can be mixed with sulfuric acid and sugar to create a low explosive.

A. Dynamite is an initiating high explosive.

Heat energy can ignite distant objects through the transmission​ of: A. Electromagnetic energy. .B. Oxidizing agents. C. Streamers. D. Electrons.

A. Electromagnetic energy.

When investigators search a fire​ scene, the first focus must be​ on: A. Finding the origin of the fire. B. Taking photographs and making sketches. C. Interviewing eyewitnesses. D. All of the above

A. Finding the origin of the fire.

To analyze blood for​ alcohol, forensic labs normally​ use: A. GC. B. LC. C. ​GM/MS. D. TLC.

A. GC.

The analytical technique widely used for directly measuring the amount of alcohol present in the blood​ is: A. Gas chromatography. B. ​Thin-layer chromatography. C. Infrared spectrophotometry. D. ​Ultra-violet spectrophotometry.

A. Gas chromatography.

The amount of acid phosphatase in seminal fluid is​ ________ the amount of acid phosphatase in blood. A. Greater than B. Less than C. The same as D. None of the above

A. Greater than

What is the major advantage of using the vapor concentration technique with gas​ chromatography? A. High sensitivity for detecting volatile residues B. Ability to determine relative concentration of solid residues C. Only​ non-volatile residues will be detected D. Low resolution of peaks associated with volatile residues

A. High sensitivity for detecting volatile residues

Antibodies are​ found: A. In the blood serum. Your answer is correct.B. In the solid portion of blood. C. In the white blood cells. D. In the red blood cells.

A. In the blood serum.

Which is an initiating explosive often used in​ detonators? A. Lead azide B. TNT C. PETN D. Dynamite

A. Lead azide

Blood samples taken for alcohol testing must be taken only with the​ driver's consent according​ to: A. Missouri v. McNeely. .B. The Fifth Amendment. C. The Frye standard. D. Schmerber v. California.

A. Missouri v. McNeely.

Upon entering the​ bloodstream, heroin is almost immediately metabolized​ into: A. Morphine. .B. Procaine. C. Opium. D. Cocaine.

A. Morphine.

​Single-base smokeless powder consists​ of: A. Nitrocellulose. B. Nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine. C. Potassium chlorate and nitrocellulose. D. Nitroglycerine.

A. Nitrocellulose.

Which chemical reaction is associated with a​ fire? A. Oxidation .B. Precipitation C. Reduction D. None of the above

A. Oxidation

CAD programs enhance the ability​ to: A. Produce a finished crime scene sketch. B. Develop photographs. C. Edit videotape. D. Take complete notes.

A. Produce a finished crime scene sketch.

The pattern and intensity of dependency on a drug does NOT depend on​ the: A. Cost of the drug. B. ​Individual's rate of metabolism. C. Frequency of administration. D. Dose and route of administration.

A. Cost of the drug.

Examples of polymers that contain repeated units known as nucleotides are A. DNA B. Cellulose C. Hemoglobin D. Starch

A. DNA

Which is NOT an effect of marijuana​ use? A. Decrease in appetite for sweets B. Increased heart rate C. Reddening of the eyes D. Dryness of the mouth

A. Decrease in appetite for sweets

The distribution of gunpowder particles and other discharge residues around a bullet hole​ permits: A. Determination of the distance from which the gun was fired. B. Estimation of the height of the shooter. C. Estimation of the angle of bullet impact. D. Determination of the kind of firearm used.

A. Determination of the distance from which the gun was fired.

What is a disadvantage to the spiral search​ pattern? A. Evidence could be missed. B. It does not work for outdoor scenes. C. It requires several investigators. D. It is dependent on the boundaries of the scene.

A. Evidence could be missed.

Sir Francis​ Galton, in writing his textbook on​ fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area​ by: A. Fauld B. Henry C. Bertillon D. Vucetich

A. Fauld

The removal of any evidence from a person or from the scene of a crime must be done in conformity with the privileges of which amendment to the​ Constitution? A. Fourth B. Sixth C. First D. Fifth

A. Fourth

Which technique allows for both separation and specific identification of a questioned mixture of​ substances? A. GC/MS B. UV spectrophotometry C. IR spectrophotometry D. GC

A. GC/MS

The presence of gunpowder residues on a garment whose color conceals the existence of the residue is best revealed​ by: A. Infrared photography. B. Infrared spectrophotometry. C. Ultraviolet photography. D. Color photography.

A. Infrared photography

Which of the following analytical technique is considered to be a specific test in a drug identification​ scheme? A. Infrared spectrophotometry B. Color test C. Microcrystalline test D. Thin-layer chromatography

A. Infrared spectrophotometry

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to​ as: A. Latent. B. Plastic. C. Rolled. D. Open.

A. Latent

The ability to make a positive identification of a drug using UV spectrophotometry is​ ________ the ability to make a positive identification using IR spectrophotometry. A. Less than B. The same as C. Greater than D. None of the above

A. Less than

The likelihood of detecting GSR on swabs taken from living subjects more than six hours after a firing has occurred is​ ________ the likelihood of detecting GSR within two hours of a firing. A. Less than B. The same as C. Greater than D. None of the above

A. Less than

The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is​ ________ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern. A. Less than B. Greater than C. The same as D. not comparable to

A. Less than

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is​ ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint. A. Less than B. not comparable to C. The same as D. Greater than

A. Less than

What is the most potent form of​ marijuana? A. Liquid hashish B. Sinsemilla C. Loose vegetation D. Hashish

A. Liquid hashish

Gas chromatography suffers a big drawback in that it does not produce specific identification. This problem is overcome by connecting the GC to​ a: A. MS. B. HPLC. C. TLC. D. GRIM 3.

A. MS.

Which is NOT derived from​ opium? A. Marijuana B. Heroin C. Codeine D. Morphine

A. Marijuana

Which of the following procedures is not to be followed in collecting and packaging firearms evidence at the crime​ scene? A. Marking an empty cartridge case on its base for identification B. Unloading a weapon before shipping it to the crime laboratory C. Avoiding inserting a stick or pencil into the barrel of a weapon D. Marking a fired bullet on its base for identification

A. Marking an empty cartridge case on its base for identification

The reagent used for the field test of heroin​ is: A. Marquis. B. Van Urk. C. Scott reagent. D. ​Duquenois-Levine.

A. Marquis.

In digital​ photography, light is recorded as a specific charge on millions of​ tiny: A. Pixels. B. Silver halide grains. C. Semi-conductors. D. Charge coupled devices.

A. Pixels

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral​ ridges, the pattern is classified as​ a(n): A. Plain whorl. B. Accidental. C. Central pocket whorl. D. Central pocket loop.

A. Plain whorl

When biological samples of unknown origin are discovered at a crime​ scene, investigators: A. Should assume pathogens are present and treat the sample as such. B. Should package them in plastic bags. C. Should allow only trained hazardous material teams to handle the evidence. D. Should assume no pathogens are present and treat the samples as such.

A. Should assume pathogens are present and treat the sample as such.

Most​ often, cocaine​ is: A. Snorted. B. Smoked. C. Injected. D. Swallowed.

A. Snorted.

Methamphetamine is​ a: A. Stimulant. B. Tranquilizer. C. Depressant. D. Hallucinogen.

A. Stimulant.

Tools and tool marks are often found at burglary scenes and can be useful evidence. Proper evidence collection by the field investigator would​ include: A. Taking a photograph and cast of the marks if necessary. B. Reporting whether a tool found at the crime scene fit into the tool marks. C. Making test marks with the suspected tool onto a soft metal surface at the crime scene. D. Packing of tool and tool mark evidence together so that the crime lab personnel know they are thought to be a matched set.

A. Taking a photograph and cast of the marks if necessary.

The center of the crime​ scene, which is always included within the crime​ scene's boundary,​ is: A. The area where the crime occurred. B. The area where the witnesses were located. C. The area where the first responder entered the scene. D. The area where the command center will be located.

A. The area where the crime occurred.

Which of the following factors is least likely to be considered by the examining tool mark​ technician? A. The brand name of the tool B. The side or portion of the tool making the impression C. The direction of the tool movement as it passes over the surface D. The angle at which the tool was held

A. The brand name of the tool

The size and location of the crime​ scene, as well as the events that occurred​ there, will​ determine: A. The kind of search pattern that is used to locate evidence. B. The time at which the crime scene is searched. C. The amount of care that must be taken during the crime scene search. D. The kind of evidence that will be missing

A. The kind of search pattern that is used to locate evidence.

The successful outcome of a criminal investigation is almost always directly related​ to: A. The manner in which the evidence is collected and preserved. B. The volume of the physical evidence collected. C. The number of people employed in the crime lab. D. Whether the crime is considered​ high-profile.

A. The manner in which the evidence is collected and preserved.

The manner of collecting and preserving physical evidence at a crime scene is determined​ by: A. The nature of the evidence. B. The number of evidence collectors present at the crime scene. C. The circumstances of the crime. D. The importance of the case.

A. The nature of the evidence.

What is NOT true of the use of anabolic​ steroids? A. They can greatly enhance strength and general athletic performance. B. They can produce infertility and diminished sex drive in males. C. They can cause unpredictable effects on mood and personality. D. They can cause masculinizing effects in females.

A. They can greatly enhance strength and general athletic performance.

The evidence collector must take extraordinary care to avoid potential contamination by transferring DNA onto objects of evidential value​ by: A. Wearing a face mask. B. Reusing shoe covers. C. Using the same pair of forceps to collect all evidence at the crime scene. D. Packaging items containing potential DNA evidence in airtight bags.

A. Wearing a face mask.

Which search pattern employs several people moving from the boundary straight toward the center of the scene​ (inward) or from the center straight to the boundary​ (outward)? A. Wheel B. Spiral C. Grid D. Quadrant

A. Wheel

In the Primary Classification​ System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is​ a: A. Whorl. B. Loop. C. Arch. D. Ulnar loop.

A. Whorl

The Marquis Reagent was used on drug evidence and it turned purple. The drug being tested could be?

Heroin

The sniffing of volatile solvents can cause?

All of the above.

What is true about the club drug Rohypnol?

All of the above.

Which​ type(s) of screening and confirmation tests are used for analyzing evidence of​ explosives?

All of the above: GC-MS, Color spot tests, TLC

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fire scene​ because:

All of the above: Safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operations begin quickly. Accelerants in soil may rapidly degrade. Accelerant residues may quickly evaporate.

If blood is found to have both A and B antigens it is typed as:

AB

In the United States, the rarest blood type is

AB

In the United​ States, the rarest blood type​ is: A. B AB O

AB

a. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

AFIS is a(n): a. Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records b. Method used to determine age of a latent print c. Computer system programmed to analyze hair d. Assay technique used to identify drugs

The recorder of a spectrophotometer measures?

Absorption of light at specific frequencies

Arson investigators must work quickly to collect evidence at a fore scene because:

Acclerants in soul may rapidly degrade, safety requirements may require that cleanup and salvage operation begin quickly, accelerants residues may quickly evaporate.

Crime scene reconstruction requires the piecing together of:

Accounts given by the witnesses and suspects, the story told by evidence recovered at the crime scene and the input from the medical examiner.

Most explosive can be recovered from debris for future study by being rinsed with:

Acetone

Most explosives can be recovered from debris for future study by being rinsed​ with:

Acetone

Small amounts of blood are best submitted to a crime laboratory:

After dried

d. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next: a. Classify the print. b. Lift the print with adhesive tape. c. Compare it to the suspect's prints. d. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print.

Proper location and documentation of bloodstain patterns at the crime scene is the responsibility of:

All crime scene personnel

Proper location and documentation of bloodstain patterns at the crime scene is the responsibility of:

All crime scene personnel.

Barbiturates act to?

All of the above

Marijuana has potential use in which medical application?

All of the above

Most narcotics are?

All of the above

Spectrophometry uses what light source?

All of the above

There is a significant likelihood that continued use of _ will result in a high degree of psychological dependence?

All of the above

Which of the following are considered to be "club drugs"

All of the above

Which of the following is not a depressant?

All of the above

Which physical symptom is part of the abstinence syndrome?

All of the above

the controlled substance act established five schedules of classification for substances based on a drugs?

All of the above

Which of the following is considered to be a hallucinogen?

All of the above are hallucinogens.

5) Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA? A) Thymine B) Uracil C) Cytosine D) Adenine

B) Uracil

Which of the following is of paramount importance in the interpretation of bloodstain patterns? a. The direction of impact b. The surface texture c. The angle of impact d. The amount of blood

B

45) DNA analysts are able to examine samples containing as few as ________ cells for an STR profile. A) 180 B) 18 C) 800 D) 36

B) 18

42) STRs normally consist of repeating sequences of: A) 8-12 bases. B) 3-7 bases. C) 18-2 bases. D) 13-17 bases.

B) 3-7 bases.

18) Means to detect the amelogenin gene are included in commercial STR kits used in crime labs because the gene allows determination of: A) Eye color. B) Gender. C) Blood type. D) Ethnicity.

B) Gender.

39) Note that suspect B has only one band in his lane. This is most likely an indication that: 39) ______ A) His DNA was contaminated during the collection process. B) He is homozygous for the gene. C) He is trisomic for the trait. D) Band shifting occurred.

B) He is homozygous for the gene

25) The concept of simultaneously extracting, amplifying, and detecting a combination of STRs is known as: A) THO1. B) Multiplexing. C) Electrophoresis. D) PCR.

B) Multiplexing.

35) In which hereditary disease does abnormal hemoglobin differ from normal hemoglobin by only a single amino acid? A) Phenylketonuria B) Sickle-cell anemia C) Hemophilia D) Albinism

B) Sickle-cell anemia

36) Which statement about tandem repeats is NOT true? A) It is thought that they may act as spacers between the coded regions of DNA. B) They are of no forensic interest. C) More than 30% of the human genome is composed of these repeating units. D) Their origin is a mystery.

B) They are of no forensic interest

41) Each cycle of the DNA Thermal Cycler takes approximately: A) 30 seconds. B) Two minutes. C) Four hours. D) Two hours.

B) Two minutes.

A drug recognition expert​ (DRE) can: A. Help a drug user acknowledge​ his/her habit and suggest ways to become​ drug-free. B. Advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual. Identify street drugs by their appearance. D. Determine whether a person has taken one or more drugs.

B. Advise the toxicologist as to which drug may be impairing an individual

Which is available in commercial form as​ fertilizer? A. Triacetone triperoxide B. Ammonium nitrate C. Potassium chlorate D. Diazodinitrophenol

B. Ammonium nitrate

Materials that have electrons firmly attached to their​ molecules: A. Transfer heat by radiation. B. Are poor conductors of heat. C. Are excellent conductors of heat. D. Transfer heat by convection.

B. Are poor conductors of heat.

A substance with a pH of 8 is likely to​ be: A. Neutral. B. Basic. .C. Water. D. Acidic.

B. Basic.

Which is NOT a high​ explosive? A. TNT B. Black powder C. Dynamite D. RDX

B. Black powder

The​ toxicologist's capabilities are NOT directly dependent on the input from​ the: A. Attending physician. B. Case prosecutor. .C. Medical examiner. D. Police.

B. Case prosecutor.

Carbon monoxide is toxic because​ it: A. Causes platelets to clump. B. Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. C. Activates killer white blood cells. D. Destroys red blood cells.

B. Combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin.

A breath test may be used to​ analyze: A. Barbiturates. B. Ethyl alcohol. C. Marijuana. D. All of the above

B. Ethyl alcohol.

Which are common chemical ingredients of black​ powder? A. ​Aluminum, potassium,​ nitrate, nitrocellulose B. Potassium​ nitrate, charcoal, sulfur C. ​Sulfur, carbon, nitrogen D. ​Carbon, nitrocellulose, potassium chlorate

B. Potassium​ nitrate, charcoal, sulfur

A breath test reflects the alcohol concentration in​ the: A. Aorta. B. Pulmonary artery. C. Pulmonary vein. D. Left ventricle.

B. Pulmonary artery.

transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs. A. Lymphocytes B. Red blood cells C. White blood cells D. Alveoli

B. Red blood cells

​Acid-phosphatase is a major constituent​ of: A. Saliva. B. Semen. C. Perspiration. D. Blood.

B. Semen.

The drug recognition expert evaluation process can suggest the presence of how many broad categories of​ drugs? A. Nine B. Seven C. Four D. Ten

B. Seven

Alcohol is oxidized in the body primarily​ in: A. The stomach. B. The liver. C. The small intestine. D. The lungs.

B. The liver.

What is NOT true about primary​ explosives? A. Lead azide and lead styphnate are examples. B. They are very stable. C. They are used in blasting caps. D. They will detonate violently.

B. They are very stable.

In which phenotype pairings can the genotypes of the individuals be directly​ known? A. Type B and type O B. Type AB and type O C. Type A and type B D. Type A and type AB

B. Type AB and type O

Which of the​ following, if blood is not​ available, can the medical examiner NOT use in order to determine the​ body's alcohol content to a reasonable degree of​ accuracy? A. Brain tissue B. Urine .C. Cerebrospinal fluid D. Vitreous humor

B. Urine

Which of the following items is likely to contain DNA​ evidence? A. A blue rug fiber B. A bed sheet C. A glass fragment D. A​ self-adhesive mailing stamp

B. A bed sheet

Which of the following makes the final determination about whether or not two bullets were fired by the same​ gun? A. IBIS B. A trained firearms examiner C. NIBIN D. A comparison microscope

B. A trained firearms examiner.

Police​ barricades, and the strategic positioning of​ guards, will prohibit access to the crime scene​ for: A. Civilians only. B. All unauthorized personnel. C. All law enforcement personnel. D. Civilians and media personnel.

B. All unauthorized personnel.

An imprint may be lifted from a surface at a crime scene​ using: A. Luminol. B. An electrostatic lifting device. C. Plaster of paris. D. Imido black dye.

B. An electrostatic lifting device

Two elements detected on the hands of an individual who has recently fired a weapon​ are: A. Barium and nitrates. B. Antimony and barium. C. Zinc and copper. D. Antimony and iron.

B. Antimony and barium

Which statement about​ note-taking is NOT​ true? A. Notes should include location of physical evidence recovered. B. Note-taking is done after all crime scene processing has been completed. C. The individual who packaged and marked items of evidence should be recorded. D. Disposition of items after collection must be included.

B. Note-taking is done after all crime scene processing has been completed.

The collection of standard reference samples at the crime scene is important because​ they: A. Serve as a source of extra test material if required in the crime lab. B. Permit comparisons to be made with the evidence. C.Are obtained only from suspects in cases of violent assault. D. All of the above

B. Permit comparisons to be made with the evidence.

Which barbiturate is absorbed more slowly than the​ others? A. Pentobarbital B. Phenobarbital C. Secobarbital D. Amobarbital

B. Phenobarbital

A compound can tentatively be identified by gas chromatography from​ its: A. Carrier gas B. Retention time C. Rf value D. Partition coefficient

B. Retention time

Which technique of detecting GSR holds the most promise for the immediate​ future? A. Neutron activation analysis B. SEM primer residue detection C. Dermal nitrate test D. Infrared spectroscopy

B. SEM primer residue detection

The automated shoe print identification system is known​ as: A. IBIS. B. SICAR. C. ATF. D. NIBIN.

B. SICAR

Success in the recognition and collection of physical evidence is determined primarily by​ the: A. Time available to the evidence collectors. B. Skill of personnel processing the crime scene. C. Type of evidence involved. D. Notoriety of the case.

B. Skill of personnel processing the crime scene.

Cocaine is​ a(n): A. Depressant. B. Stimulant. C. Hallucinogen. D. Opiate.

B. Stimulant.

Discharged evidence bullets must be carefully handled to avoid damage to​ the: A. Ejection pattern. B. Striation markings. C. ​Manufacturer's imprint. D. Caliber markings.

B. Striation markings

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an​ object, an investigator should​ next: A. Classify the print. B. Take a​ 1:1 photograph of the print. C. Compare it to the​ suspect's prints. D. Lift the print with adhesive tape.

B. Take a 1:1 photograph of the print

​"The right of the people to be secure in their​ persons, houses,​ papers, and​ effects, against unreasonable searches and​ seizure..." is provided for in the United States by​ the: A. Frye standard. B. Fourth Amendment. C. Second Amendment. D. Declaration of Independence.

B. The Fourth Amendment

Digital crime scene photographs require special measures to assure their admissibility in court due​ to: A. Their poor quality. B. The ability to manipulate the images. C. The inability to manipulate the images. D. All of the above

B. The ability to manipulate the images.

Which of the following statements is​ true? A. The diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm is its gauge. B. The comparison microscope is an indispensable tool of the firearm examiner. C. A bullet can be individualized to a weapon by the number and twist of its lands and grooves. D. Carbonaceous smoke or soot deposited around a bullet hole is normally indicative of a discharge 12 to 18 feet or less from the target.

B. The comparison microscope is an indispensable tool of the firearm examiner.

Which of the following drugs is not found in blood or urine?

Heroin

Which of the following is NOT true about digital​ imaging? A. It produces an image composed of pixels. B. Once the image is​ produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged. C. It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file. D. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.

C. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints

What is NOT true about​ codeine? A. It is a component in​ over-the-counter cough medicine. B. It is present in opium. C. It is stronger than morphine. D. It is prepared synthetically from morphine.

C. It is stronger than morphine.

Which search pattern is most reliant on the boundaries​ established? A. Wheel B. Quadrant C. Line D. Spiral

C. Line

Which of the following statements is​ false? A. Prior to​ 1970, marijuana was classified as a narcotic drug. B. Hashish is a concentrated preparation of marijuana. C. Marijuana is synthesized from the Cannabis sinsemilla plant. D. The active ingredient of marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol.

C. Marijuana is synthesized from the Cannabis sinsemilla plant.

A​ point-by-point comparison of a​ fingerprint's ________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity. A. Pattern B. Classification C. Minutiae D. Protein composition

C. Minutiae

Which hallucinogen can be synthesized by a simple chemical process and is often manufactured in clandestine​ laboratories? A. Marijuana B. Mescaline C. PCP D. LSD

C. PCP

Shoe and tire marks impressed into soft earth can be best preserved​ by: A. Photographing and then use of the electrostatic lifting technique. B. Casting with dental stone and then attempting the electrostatic lift technique. C. Photographing and casting with dental stone. D. Both A and B

C. Photographing and casting with dental stone.

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots​ called: A. Cubic millimeters. B. Bytes. C. Pixels. D. Screen elements.

C. Pixels

After providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects​ (if possible), the first officer arriving at a crime scene should​ immediately: A. Search for evidence. B. Take notes. C. Secure the scene. D. Make a rough sketch of the scene.

C. Secure the scene

A rough sketch need NOT include​ a: A. Location of all recovered physical evidence. B. Date, location, and time of the incident. C. Sketch of the​ suspect(s). D. Compass heading designating north.

C. Sketch of the suspect(s).

The advantages of​ tape-recording crime scene notes on an audio tape include all of the following​ EXCEPT: A. Audio tapes have the added security feature of preventing erasure or taping over with the security tab on the tape. B. The notes are recording as the observations are made. C. The notes can be recorded at the crime laboratory instead of at the crime scene. D. The​ investigator's hands are free to carry out other tasks while recording the notes.

C. The notes can be recorded at the crime laboratory instead of at the crime scene.

The initial survey of the crime scene carried out by the lead investigator is​ called: A. The initial survey. B. The crime scene search. C. The​ walk-through. D. The spiral search.

C. The walk-through.

Which is NOT considered a porous​ surface? A. Cardboard B. Paper C. Tile D. Cloth

C. Tile

Which search pattern would be best suited for a crime scene where many investigators are available to search a large​ area? A. Line B. Spiral C. Zone D. Grid

C. Zone

What is the rapid combination of oxygen with a​ fuel, which produces a noticeable release of​ energy?

Combustion

A police officer performs a field test on a white powder, obtaining a purple color. The most likely drug present is?

Heroin

c. Bifurcations; ridge endings

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of _____ and _____. a. Loops; arches b. Minutiae; ridge characteristics c. Bifurcations; ridge endings d. Ridges; furrows

AFIS is a(n):

Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

AFIS is a:

Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records

The dramatization of forensic science on television has led to a phenomenon known as the:

CSI effect

STR analysis has replaced RFLP DNA typing because it:

Can be implemented using the PCR, is less subject to sample degradation, requires a smaller sample size and reduces time to obtain results from a sample

PCR is a technique that:

Can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA

The velocity classification of an impact spatter pattern:

Cannot illuminate the specific event that produced the pattern

A common classification system characterizes ignitable liquids based on their boiling point ranges and number of - molecules as light, medium, and heavy petroleum distillates.

Carbon

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on:

Cardboard

By counting and pairing the patterns of a(n) ________ pattern, an investigator can estimate the minimum number of blows inflicted upon a victim.

Cast off

By counting and pairing the patterns of a(n) __________________ pattern, an investigator can estimate the minimum number of blows inflicted upon a victim.

Cast-off

All packages containing drugs must be marked for identification by the police officer before being sent to the lab in order to maintain the ???.

Chain of custody

b. Iodine, ninhydrin, physical developer

Chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints must be used in the following sequence: a. Iodine, physical developer, ninhydrin. b. Iodine, ninhydrin, physical developer. c. Ninhydrin, iodine, physical developer. d. Ninhydrin, physical developer, iodine.

Designer drugs are?

Chemically related to controlled substances.

b. greater than

Chokes are sometimes found on shotguns where they function to constrict the end of the barrel. The speed and distance traveled by pellets fired from a narrow choke is _____ the speed and distance traveled by pellets fired from a shotgun with a wide choke. a. The same as b. Greater than c. Less than d. None of the above

The most satisfactory way of simultaneously separating and tentatively identifying drugs is by?

Chromatography

.??? is extracted from the leaf of the coca plant.

Cocaine

Scott test solutions can indicate the presence of?

Cocaine

The use of which drug will not lead to a physical dependence?

Cocaine

Use of which of the following drugs is least likely to lead to psychological dependence?

Codeine

Crime scene sketches serve a unique purpose in permanently documenting the location of evidence:

Collected and removed from the crime scene

Which type of test would logically be used first by the drug analyst?

Color

Which type of screening and confirmation test are used for analyzing evidence of explosives?

Color spot tests, gas chromotography/mass spectrometry and TLC.

Which of the following is not a part of a simple spectrophotometer ?

Column

What is the rapid combination of oxygen with a fuel, which produces a noticeable release of energy?

Combustion

Crime scene reconstruction involves the efforts of all EXCEPT the:

Trial judge

32) What is the number of nitrogenous bases needed to code for a specific amino acid? A) 6 B) 2 C) 5 D) 3

D) 3

13) The amplification of DNA using the Thermal Cycler takes approximately: A) Two minutes. B) Four cycles. C) Two hours. D) 30 cycles

D) 30 Cycles

52) Electrophoresis can be used in the crime lab to analyze: A) DNA. B) Dried blood. C) Proteins. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

14) Which is an advantage of working with short DNA fragments? A) Their quantity can be greatly amplified by PCR technology. B) They are less subject to degradation due to adverse environmental conditions. C) They are more stable and less likely to break apart. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

15) STR analysis has replaced other DNA typing techniques because it: A) Requires a smaller sample size. B) Is less subject to sample degradation. C) Can be implemented using the PCR. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

16) The separation of STRs using capillary electrophoresis: A) Evolved from the flat-gel electrophoresis approach. B) Is currently the preferred method. C) Decreases analysis time. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

33) Information from the Human Genome Project will: A) Be useful for diagnosing and treating genetic diseases. B) Reveal the location of a gene on a particular chromosome. C) Help to reveal the role and implications of evolution. D) All of the above

D) All of the above

6) Which component of DNA forms the backbone of the molecule? A) Sugar B) Nitrogenous base C) Phosphate group D) Both A and C

D) Both A and C

3) The molecular structure of DNA was deduced by: A) Gregor Mendel. B) Francis Crick. C) James Watson. D) Both B and C

D) Both B and C

Which substance is NOT normally used as a diluent of​ heroin? A. Procaine B. Starch C. Quinine D. Glucose

D. Glucose

Will West was the man​ who: A. Devised the fingerprint classification system used in​ Spanish-speaking countries. B. Mutilated his fingerprints with acid. C. Invented Superglue. D. Had a virtual​ "double" with a similar name.

D. Had a vertual "double" with a similar name

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised​ by: A. Vucetich. B. Herschel. C. Fauld. D. Henry.

D. Henry

Currently, which of the​ following, in conjunction with chemically induced​ fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent​ prints? A. UV light B. Laser illumination C. IR light D. ​High-intensity light sources

D. High-intensity light sources

Which crime scene search pattern does NOT require more than one​ investigator? A. Grid B. Wheel C. Zone D. Line

D. Line

The most common ridge pattern is​ the: A. Whorl B. Accidental C. Arch D. Loop

D. Loop

Which drug is often incorrectly classified as a​ narcotic? A. Heroin B. Morphine C. Codeine D. Marijuana

D. Marijuana

Which of the following is a U.S. Supreme Court decision that dealt with the impropriety of the warrantless collection of physical evidence at a homicide​ scene? A. Frye v. U.S. B. People v. Wilkens C. Mapp v. U.S. D. Mincey v. Arizona

D. Mincey v. Arizona

Heroin is a chemical derivative​ of: A. Methadone. B. Codeine. C. Barbituric acid. D. Morphine.

D. Morphine.

Videotapes of the crime​ scene: A. Are required in all jurisdictions. B. Can be used in place of notes and photographs. C. Are not admissible in court due to the poor image quality. D. Must be complemented by a hard copy of notes and separate still photographs.

D. Must be complemented by a hard copy of notes and separate still photographs.

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions​ with: A. Physical developer. B. Dusting powder. C. Iodine. D. Ninhydrin.

D. Ninhydrin

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the​ same? A. 16 B. 10 C. 12 D. No minimum exists

D. No minimum exists

It is permissible for officers at the scene​ to: A. Smoke. B. Drink. C. Eat. D. None of the above

D. None of the above

Charred debris from an arson scene should be A. Placed in​ Ziploc® bags. B. Placed together with similar items in a paper bag. C. Aired out before packing in plastic wrap. D. Packaged in airtight glass jars.

D. Packaged in airtight glass jars.

Evidence commonly located during a vehicle search includes all of the following​ EXCEPT: A. Broken glass. B. Paint evidence. C. Fibers. D. Questioned documents.

D. Questioned documents.

Investigators can use​ ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments. A. GRIM 3 B. ​GC/MS C. AFIS D. RUVIS

D. RUVIS

The AFIS​ ________ determines the degree of​ ________ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database. A. Software​ configurations; difference B. Identification​ system; minutiae C. Relative​ position; orientation D. Search​ algorithm; correlation

D. Search algorithm; correlation

Which chemical treatment produces a​ white-appearing latent​ print? A. Physical developer B. Iodine fuming C. Ninhydrin D. Superglue fuming

D. Superglue fuming

The conditions at a crime scene can be compromised by all of the following actions​ EXCEPT: A. Turning a faucet on at the crime scene. B. Eating food at the crime scene. C. Adjusting the temperature of the crime scene. D. Taking photographs at the crime scene.

D. Taking photographs at the crime scene.

To prevent the disturbance of latent fingerprints on a​ firearm, the weapon should be lifted​ by: A. Using disposable forceps. B. Inserting a pencil into the barrel. C. The outside of the barrel or the trigger. D. The edge of the trigger guard or by the checkered portion of the grip.

D. The edge of the trigger guard or by the checkered portion of the grip.

Warrantless searches are permitted under law in all of the following situations​ EXCEPT: A. The consent of the parties involved. B. The existence of emergency circumstances. C. The need to prevent the immediate loss of evidence. D. The injury or death of a police officer or law enforcement employee.

D. The injury or death of a police officer or law enforcement employee.

Which is true of the use of mild​ tranquilizers? A. They do not produce dependency. B. They impair​ high-thinking faculties. C. They induce sleep. D. They reduce tension.

D. They reduce tension.

When a gun is recovered from an underwater​ location, it should​ be: A. Submitted to the crime lab in a paper bag. B. Cleaned and dried. C. Placed in an​ air-tight plastic bag. D. Transported to the crime lab in a container with enough of the same water necessary to keep it submerged.

D. Transported to the crime lab in a container with enough of the same water necessary to keep it submerged.

A properly maintained chain of custody is NOT the responsibility of​ the: A. Crime scene processor. B. Forensic technician. C. Evidence clerk. D. Trial judge.

D. Trial judge.

A primary classification of​ 9/3 means that there​ are: A. Whorls on the left and right middle fingers. B. Loops on the right thumb and left ring finger. C. Deltas on fingers​ #9 and​ #3. D. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers.

D. Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers

Which crime scene search pattern would absolutely require more than one​ investigator? A. Spiral B. Line C. Grid D. Zone

D. Zone

.??? Is a chemical derivative of morphine made by reacting morphine with acetic anhydride.

Heroin

Which substance is a substitute for ninhydrin?

DFO

The individuality of an organism is determined by the organism's:

DNA nucleotide sequence

The judicial case that set forth the most current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is:

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals

The current system of crime laboratories in the United States can best be described as:

Decentralized

Which is not an effect of marijuana use?

Decrease in appetite for sweets.

In general, as both the force and velocity of impact increase, what happens to the diameter of the resulting blooddroplets?

Decreases

The speed in a low explosive is called the speed of:

Deflagration

To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:

Dermal papillae

to permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:

Dermal papillae

Luminol can be used at crime scenes to:

Detect traces of blood without compromsing potential DNA tying

a. Identification

Determining that an explosive mixture contains dynamite is an example of the process of: a. Identification. b. Comparison. c. Class characterization. d. Individualization.

The evidence collector is NOT concerned with:

Determining the natural variations that exist in physical evidence.

As currently performed, DNA-profiling technology cannot provide information helpful in

Determining whether an individual carries a genetic defect

c. Striation markings

Discharged evidence bullets must be carefully handled to avoid damage to the: a. Manufacturer's imprint. b. Caliber markings. c. Striation markings. d. Ejection pattern.

d. All of the above

Distinctive markings of shells and cartridges can be made by the: a. Extractor and ejector mechanism. b. Firing pin. c. Breech face mark. d. All of the above

In the PCR process, the first step is to heat the DNA strands. This is to permit the:

Double-stranded molecules to separate completely

The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by:

Doyle

Fingerprints are formed:

During fetal development

b. Magna brush

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a: a. Fiberglass brush. b. Magna brush. c. Camel's hair brush. d. All of the above

Which if the following statements is FALSE?

Dynamite is an initiating high explosive.

What is the difference between forward spatter and back spatter? Which is more likely to be deposited on the object or person creating the impact?

Forward spatter is projected outward and away from the source; back spatter consists of the blood projected backward from the source. Back spatter is more likely to be deposited on the object or person creating the impact.

The molecular structure of DNA was deduced by:

Francis Crick and James Watson

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is

Fuming with cyanoacrylate

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:

Fuming with cyanoacrylate

Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing flammable​ residues?

GC

Which is NOT a widely used screening tool in the toxicology lab?

GC-MS

A procedure commonly used as a screening test for explosive residues​ is:

GC-MS, color spot test, TLC

Which technique allows for both separation and specific identification of a questioned mixture of substances?

GC/MS

The two drugs usually associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults are ??? and ???.

GHB and rhohypnol

Who undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints as a method of personal identification?

Galton

Gasoline residues are best characterized by:

Gas chromatography

Which instrumentation is considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting and characterizing flammable residues?

Gas chromotography

c. Directly related

Generally speaking, the amount of gun powder particles found around a bullet hole is _____ to the distance from which the weapon was fired. a. Indirectly related b. Not related c. Directly related d. None of the above

a. Directly related

Generally, the gauge of a shotgun is _____ to the diameter of its barrel. a. Directly related b. Not related c. Indirectly related d. None of the above

physical evidence of a hit-and-run scene should include

Glass fragments, fabric impressions, paint chips, fiber and tissues (all of the above)

Combustion occurring at the surface of a solid describes:

Glowing combustion

Which substance is not normally used as a diluent of heroin?

Glucose

Who established the comparison microscope as the indispensable tool of the modern firearms examiner?

Goddard

The details of the pattern of an infrared spectrograph are _ the details of an ultraviolet spectrograph?

Greater than

The likelihood that spontaneous combustion will occur in improperly ventilated containers of highly unsaturated oils is- the likelihood that such combustion will occur with hydrocarbon lubricating oils.

Greater than

The specificity of microcrystalline tests is _ the specificity of color tests?

Greater than

What search pattern employs two people performing line searches that originate from adjacent corners?

Grid

Setting up squares of known dimension over the entire pattern describes the:

Grid Method

Who wrote the first treatise describing the application of science to the field of criminal investigation?

Gross

What is the LEAST important consideration in the gathering of evidence at a crime scene?

Guilt of suspect(s)

c. both a and b

Gun powder residue patterns can be detected by: a. The Greiss Test. b. IR photograph. c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b

Physical evidence that can be used to aid in a crime scene reconstruction includes:

Gunshot residues, glass fragments and blood spatters

Will West was the man who

Had a virtual "double" with a similar name

Will West was the man who:

Had a virtual "double" with a similar name.

Marijuana is considered to be a?

Hallucinogen

Drugs that cause marked alterations in mood, attitude, thought process, and perceptions are called?

Hallucinogens

.??? is the sticky resin extracted from the marijuana plant.

Hashish

Information from the Human Genome Project will:

Help to reveal the role and implications of evolution, reveal the location of a gene on a particular chromosome, be useful for diagnosing and treating genetic diseases and aid in understanding the underlying causes of cancer

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by:

Henry

The presence of blood and semen at crime scenes exposes investigators to:

Hepatitis B, AIDS (Both a and b)

The development of (psychological, physical) dependence on a drug is shown by withdrawal symptoms such as convulsions when the user stops taking the drug.

Physical

The purpose of the crime-scene search is to locate what?

Physical Evidence

b. Silver nitrate

Physical developer contains: a. Iodine. b. Silver nitrate. c. Ninhydrin. d. Acrylate.

b. The standard reference sample (control) does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene

Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if: a. It is collected in accordance with the Fourth Amendment. b. The standard reference sample (control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene. c. It does not have a well-documented chain of custody. d. Evidence taken from suspect is obtained voluntarily.

b. greater value

Physical evidence is considered to have _____ as that of eyewitness (testimonial) evidence. a. The same value b. Greater value c. Less value

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called:

Pixels

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a:

Plain whorl

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as:

Plastic

Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax?

Plastic

When an animal is injected with an​ antigen, the animal will respond by​ producing

Polyclonal antibodies

What information can an investigator gain from the location of the area of origin of a bloodstain pattern?

Position of the person form which the pattern originated.

Which are common chemical ingredients of black powder?

Potassium nitrate, charcoal, sulfur.

Which is an explosive readily detonated by heat or​ shock?

Primary Explosive

Which is an explosive readily detonated by heat or shock?

Primary explosive

High explosives can be classified as either - or - explosives.

Primary; secondary

c. Plastic

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as: a. Latent. b. Hidden. c. Plastic. d. Dusted.

a. Latent

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as: a. Latent. b. Open. c. Plastic. d. Rolled.

The best way to guarantee that the evidence will withstand inquiries about what happened to it from the time of its finding to its presentation in court is to:

Properly record the crime scene, properly mark evidence for identification, Properly complete evidence submission forms. (All of the above)

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect:

Protein material

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to​ detect: A. Riboflavin. B. Protein material. C. Salt. D. Fatty acids.

Protein material

b. ninhydrin

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with: a. Iodine. b. Ninhydrin. c. Physical developer. d. Dusting powder.

What is the decomposition of organic matter by heat?

Pyrolysis

Thin layer chromatography was performed and four spots were visualized on the glass slide. The substance with which R value was least soluble in the stationary phase?

R value .2

Fingerprint Equation - Whorls

R. Index R. Ring L. Thumb L. Middle L. Little R. Thumb R. Middle R. Little L. Index L. Ring

Investigators can use ----- to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or power treatments.

RUVIS

Investigators can use _ _ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments.

RUVIS

David dissolves a sample of muscle tissue of a suspect in a hydrochloric acid solution and inserts a copper strip into the solution. David notices that the copper strip starts to develop a dark coating. The appearance of the dark coating indicates the presence of a heavy metal in the tissue. This procedure is known as the​ ________ test.

Reinsch

The friction skin ridges:

Resist slippage and provide a firmer grip

The D antigen is also known as the ___________ antigen.

Rh

a. Bullet will be made to spin and have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel

The reason grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun is so that a: a. Bullet will be made to spin and have a true and accurate course on leaving the barrel. b. Bullet moving through will have unique striations. c. Manufacturer can put its unique mark on its product. d. Bullet will be reduced in size before it exits the gun.

What determines the size of blood drops in a cast-off pattern? Explain.

The sizes of the drops in a cast-off pattern are determined by the size of the point from which they were propelled. Drops propelled from a small or pointed surface will be smaller and the pattern more linear; drops propelled from a large or blunt surface will be larger and the pattern wider.

The skeletonized perimeter of a bloodstain can be used to interpret:

The source of the bloodstain, the time that elapsed between deposition of the stain and alteration of the stain.

Crime scene reconstruction requires the piecing together of:

The story told by evidence recovered at the crime scene, the laboratory results obtained by the criminalist working

What is forensic science?

The study and application of science to matters of law

Which of the following is of paramount importance in the interpretation of bloodstain patterns?

The surface texture

The skeletonized perimeter of a bloodstain can be used to interpret:

The time that elapsed between deposition of the stain and alteration of the stain and the source of the bloodstain

b. Corroborate events with data in a manner nearly without bias

The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to: a. State with certainty the identity of the perpetrator. b. Corroborate events with data in a manner nearly without bias. c. Determine the probability of the occurrence of an event. d. Determine the quality of forensic analyses carried out on the evidence.

c. Less than

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint. a. Greater than b. The same as c. Less than

What is true about monoclonal antibodies?

They are expected to be medicine's version of the "magic bullet". They are produced utilizing rapidly multiplying blood-cancer cells. They can be produced in limitless supply & they are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen.

What is NOT true about primary explosives?

They are very stable.

What is NOT true about primary​ explosives?

They are very stable.

What is not true of the use of anabolic steroids?

They can greatly enhance strength and general athletic performance.

A procedure commonly used as a screening test for explosive residues is:

Thin layer chromatography, color spot tests, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Which is NOT considered a porous surface?

Tile

d. Product rule

To calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the _____ can be applied by using a series of blood factors that occur independently of each other. a. Locard's exchange principle b. Multiplication table c. Tangent method d. Product rule

d. Dermal papillae

To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the: a. Minutiae b. Ridges c. Epidermis d. Dermal papillae

d. The edge of the trigger guard or by the checkered portion of the grip

To prevent the disturbance of latent fingerprints on a firearm, the weapon should be lifted by: a. Inserting a pencil into the barrel b. Using disposable forceps c. The outside of the barrel or the trigger d. The edge of the trigger guard or by the checkered portion of the grip

c. Taking a photograph and cast of the marks if necessary

Tools and tool marks are often found at burglary scenes and can be useful evidence. Proper evidence collection by the field investigator would include: a. Reporting whether a tool found at the crime scene fit into the tool marks. b. Making test marks with the suspected tool onto a soft metal surface at the crime scene. c. Taking a photograph and cast of the marks if necessary. d. Packing of tool and tool mark evidence together so that the crime lab personnel know they are thought to be a matched set.

Which unit is responsible for the examination of body fluids and organs for the presence of drugs and poisons?

Toxicology unit

Crime scene reconstruction involves the efforts of all but the:

Trail Judge

.??? are drugs used to relieve anxiety and tension without inducing sleep.

Tranquilizers

What is radiation?

Transfer of heat energy from a heated surface to a cooler surface

What is​ radiation?

Transfer of heat energy from a heated surface to a cooler surface

A properly maintained chain of custody is NOT the responsibility of the:

Trial judge

a. Transported to the crime lab in a container with enough of the same water necessary to keep it submerged

When a gun is recovered from an underwater location, it should be: a. Transported to the crime lab in a container with enough of the same water necessary to keep it submerged. b. Placed in an air-tight plastic bag. c. Cleaned and dried. d. Submitted to the crime lab in a paper bag.

a. A greater rate

When an etching agent is applied to a metal surface in order to restore a removed serial number the stamped area will dissolve at _____ as the unstamped area. a. A greater rate b. The same rate c. A slower rate d. None of the above

The DRE program incoporates standardized methods for examining suspects to determine:

Whether they are under the influence of one or more drugs

c. Superglue fuming

Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print? a. Ninhydrin b. Iodine fuming c. Superglue fuming d. Physical developer

a. Wear marks

Which is NOT a class characteristic of a suspect's sneaker? a. Wear marks b. Brand c. Color d. Size

a. Tile

Which is NOT considered a porous surface? a. Tile b. Cloth c. Paper d. Cardboard

c. The brand name of the tool

Which of the following factors is least likely to be considered by the examining tool mark technician? a. The direction of the tool movement as it passes over the surface b. The side or portion of the tool making the impression c. The brand name of the tool d. The angle at which the tool was held

d. Core

Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint? a. Enclosure b. Bifurcation c. Island d. Core

d. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints

Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging? a. Once the image is produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged. b. It produces an image composed of pixels. c. It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file. d. It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.

c. IAFIS

Which of the following is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI and launched in 1999? a. NIBIN b. PDQ c. IAFIS d. SICAR

d. A shotgun pellet

Which of the following is not expected to show any evidential marks or impressions? a. A fired bullet b. A cartridge casing fired from a handgun c. A cartridge casing fired from a shotgun d. A shotgun pellet

d. A trained firearms examiner

Which of the following makes the final determination about whether or not two bullets were fired by the same gun? a. IBIS b. A comparison microscope c. NIBIN d. A trained firearms examiner

c. Marking an empty cartridge case on its base for identification

Which of the following procedures is not to be followed in collecting and packaging firearms evidence at the crime scene? a. Marking a fired bullet on its base for identification b. Avoiding inserting a stick or pencil into the barrel of a weapon c. Marking an empty cartridge case on its base for identification d. Unloading a weapon before shipping it to the crime laboratory

d. Identifying a bullet as having been combined with a particular shell prior to being discharged

Which of the following results is not possible from a laboratory examination of firearm evidence? a. Determining that two or more cartridge cases were fired from the same weapon b. Determining how far from the victim the weapon was held c. Restoring serial numbers ground off the gun d. Identifying a bullet as having been combined with a particular shell prior to being discharged

b. The hook cutter method

Which of the following rifling methods is no longer in use? a. The button method b. The hook cutter method c. The mandrel method d. The broach cutter method

b. The comparison microscope is an indispensable tool of the firearm examiner

Which of the following statements is true? a. A bullet can be individualized to a weapon by the number and twist of its lands and grooves. b. The comparison microscope is an indispensable tool of the firearm examiner. c. The diameter of the bore of a rifled firearm is its gauge. d. Carbonaceous smoke or soot deposited around a bullet hole is normally indicative of a discharge 12 to 18 feet or less from the target.

b. Plastic

Which of the following types of fingerprints are more likely to be found impressed in soft wax? a. Visible b. Plastic c. Latent d. Hidden

d. John Dillinger

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid? a. James Gotti b. Carlo Gambino c. William West d. John Dillinger

c. Forensic Index

Which source of CODIS contains DNA profiles from unsolved crime scene evidence? a. Offender index b. National index c. Forensic index d. DNA index

c. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics

Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint? a. It must show at least a little of all ten fingers. b. Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern. c. Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics. d. At least 75% of the pattern must be present for identification.

a. Analysis

Which step of the ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction ridges? a. Analysis b. Comparison c. Evaluation d. Verification

a. DFO

Which substance is a substitute for Ninhydrin? a. DFO b. RAY c. MRM 10 d. RAM

b. SEM primer residue detection

Which technique of detecting GSR holds the most promise for the immediate future? a. Infrared spectroscopy b. SEM primer residue detection c. Neutron activation analysis d. Dermal nitrate test

In the Primary Classification System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a:

Whorl

a. Had a virtual double with a similar name

Will West was the man who: a. Had a virtual "double" with a similar name. b. Devised the fingerprint classification system used in Spanish-speaking countries. c. Mutilated his fingerprints with acid. d. Invented Superglue.

What is the concentration at which a vapor-to-fuel mixture in the air is capable of burning? a. Flammable range b. Heat of combustion c. Lethal range d. Spontaneous concentration

a. flammable range

Complex chromatographic accelerant patterns can be simplified by: a. Gas chromatography. b. Thin-layer chromatography. c. Mass spectrometry. d. Headspace analysis.

c

In western countries, the most heavily abused drug is :

alcohol

proper location and documentation of bloodstain patterns at the crime scene is the responsibility of

all crime scene personnel

Information from the Human Genome project will

all of the above

Which weapons would create cast-off patterns consisting of small droplets in a linear pattern? -Wooden plank - Baseball bat - knife - all the above

all of the above

the deposition of backward spatter produced by a gunshot wound is determined by

all of the above

Which is NOT a factor in determining the rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream?

all of the above- alc content, food in stomach, amount consumed

Analyzing segments of hair for drug content may be define the timeline for drug use, dating it back over a period of?

all of the above- days,, weeks, years

STR analysis has replaced RFLP DNA typing because it...

all of these

The purpose of the crime scene search is to locate:

all physical evidence

Alcohol is eliminated from the body chemically unchanged in:

all- sweat, breath, urine

at the crime scene, the string method is used to find the __________ of an impact spatter pattern

area of origin

the point on a two-dimensional plane from which the drops of an impact spatter pattern originated. This can show the position of the victim or suspect in space when the stain-producing event took place.

area of origin

The minimum temperature at which a fuel will spontaneously ignite is called: a. A dangerous place to store flammable liquids. b. The ignition temperature. c. The heat of combustion. d. The flash point.

b. the ignition temperature

Gasoline residues are best characterized by: a. Ultraviolet analysis. b. Infrared spectrophotometry. c. Gas chromatography. d. Emission spectroscopy.

c

A substance with a pH of 8 is likely to be:

basic

For the purpose of extracting the drug out of body tissues, an amphetamine is classified as an:

basic drug

Which of the following items is likely to contain DNA evidence?

bed sheet

can aid in reconstruction because the drying time of the blood can provide an estimation of the amount of time that has elapsed since the blood was deposited.

blood pools

Which blood components are directly pertinent to the forensic aspects of blood identification?

blood serum & red blood cells

An individual who is type O has:

both A and B antibodies.

Type AB blood contains:

both A and B antigens.

A fuel can only achieve combustion in: a. The solid state. b. The liquid state. c. The gaseous state. d. A liquid-solid phase.

c

A low explosive has a velocity of detonation less than: a. 150 meteres per second. b. 500 meters per second. c. 1000 meteres per second. d. 1500 meters per second.

c