Final Exam (Exam I + II)

IN the space below, write the name(s) of the structures that innervate the shoulder girdle a

Cervical and Brachial Plexus

In the space below, write the name of the alignment variation which results in the condition commonly referred to as "slue-footed"

Femoral Retroversion

in the space below, write the name of the role of muscle that counteracts the action of the muscles to prevent undesirable movements such as inappropriate muscle substitutions

Neutralizer

In the space below, provide one example of a strap muscle

Sartorius

In the space below, write the name of the role of muscle that surrounds the joint or body part and contract to fixate the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force and move

Stabilizer

In the space below, provide the name of the immovable joint found in the skull

Suture/Synarthrodial joint

AFR (Axis of Rotation, Force, Resistance) describes what class of lever? a. 3rd class lever b. 2nd class lever c. 1st class lever d. none of the above

a. 3rd class lever

which of the following structures inserts on the posterior surface of the lateral olecranon process and proximal one-fourth of the lateral ulna? a. ancones b. supinator c. triceps brachii d. brachioradialis

a. ancones

which of the following structures pulls the joint capsule aside when the elbow extends terminally? a. ancones b. brachioradialis c. pronator teres d. pronator quadratus

a. ancones

______ is the ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length a. extensibility b. elasticity c. contractility d. plasticity

a. extensibility

which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger? a. extensor indicis b. extensor pollicis longus c. extensor digiti minimi d. abductor pollicis longus

a. extensor indicis

What term is used to describe the motion of decreasing the gel in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane a. flexion b. extension c. dorsiflexion d. plantar flexion

a. flexion

______ is defined as increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane a. kyphosis b. lordosis c. retroversion d. scoliosis

a. kyphosis

approximately 14% of humans do not have this muscle a. palmaris longus b. flexor carpi radialis c. flexor carpi ulnaris d. supinator

a. palmaris longus

______ muscle fibers produce a greater ROM while ______ muscle fibers produce greater force a. parallel, pennate b. pennate, parallel

a. parallel, pennate

which of the following is not a structure associated with the shoulder joint? a. ribs b. humerus c. clavicle d. scapula

a. ribs

which of the following best describes the anatomical location of the head as it relates to the left arm? a. superomedial b. anteromedial c. superolateral d. anterolateral

a. superomedial

An agonist is also referred to as a prime mover a. true b. false

a. true

Overall, the human leverage system in built for speed and range of movement at the expense of force generation a. true b. false

a. true

the carrying angle in the elbow is greater in females than males a. true b. false

a. true

the origin of the biceps brachii includes supraglenoid tubercle bone the superior lip of the glenoid fossa a. true b. false

a. true

the origin of the deltoid muscle includes the anterior lateral third of the clavicle and the lateral portion of the acromion process a. true b. false

a. true

the origin of the pectorals major muscle includes the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle a. true b. false

a. true

horizontal abduction in the glenohumeral joint corresponds to which of the following shoulder girdle movements? a. abduction b. adduction c. depression d. elevation

b. adduction

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are collectively known as ______ a. basal ganglia b. brain stem c. cerebellum d. spinal cord

b. brain stem

the frontal plane divides the body into _______. a. right and left halves b. dorsal and ventral halves c. superior and inferior halve d. cephalic and caudal halves

b. dorsal and ventral halves

which type of muscle contraction is utilized in causing an object's deceleration (ex. lowering phase of a barbell bench press) a. concentric b. eccentric c. isokinetic d. isometric

b. eccentric

Movement at the humeroulnar joint by the forearm away from the shoulder is defined as "flexion". a. true b. false

b. false

the wrist has more abducting range of motion than adducting range of motion a. true b. false

b. false

which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist? a. palmaris longus b. flexor carpi ulnaris c. flexor pollicis longus d. extensor carpi radialis longus

b. flexor carpi ulnaris

For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. this statement defines newton's law of _____ a. acceleration b. reaction c. force d. inertia

b. reaction

the carpal is most often fractured due to severe wrist hyperextension related to falling on an outstretched hand a. trapezoid b. scaphoid c. trapezium d. lunate

b. scaphoid

This anatomical directional term refers to being above and toward the midline or inside a. anteromedial b. superomedial c. posteromedial d. inferomedial

b. superomedial

in the space below, provide the names of the nerve plexus which innervates the glenohumeral joint

brachial plexus

Which class of lever is most commonly found in the human body? a. 1st class b. 2nd class c. 3rd class d. 4th class

c. 3rd class

_____ bring impulses from receptors in the skin, joints, muscles, and other peripheral aspects of the body to the central nervous system (CNS) a. interneurons b. motor neurons c. afferent neurons d. efferent neurons

c. afferent neurons

95% or shoulder dislocations occur _______, most often due to impact to an outstretched arm a. anteriorly b. posteriorly c. anterioinferiorly d, posterioinferiorly

c. anterioinferiorly

damage to the ulnar collateral ligament occurs most commonly in which sport? a. volleyball b. tennis c. baseball d. football

c. baseball

The transverse plane divides the body into _____ a. right and left halves b. dorsal and ventral halves c. cephalic and caudal halves d. medial and lateral halves

c. cephalic and caudal halves

the ______, the highest level of control, provides for the creation of voluntary movements as aggregate muscle action but not as specific muscle activity a. basal ganglia b. pons c. cerebral cortex d. cerebellum

c. cerebral cortex

muscles that _______ the wrist and fingers often originate on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus a. flex b. pronate c. extend d. adduct

c. extend

which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb? a. plamaris longs b. flexor carpi ulnaris c. flexor pollicis longus d. extensor carpi radialis longus

c. flexor pollicis longus

which of the following is not a true statement regarding isokinetic exercise? a. the speed or velocity of movement is constant b. muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement c. it is another type or classification of muscle contraction d. can only be performed on machines such as Boded and Cybex

c. it is another type or classification of muscle contraction

which of the following is not a classification of neuron type? a. afferent b. efferent c. peripheral d. interneuron

c. peripheral

backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine is ______. a. pronation b. protraction c. retraction d. reduction

c. retraction

The pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement may be classified by each of the following terms, except? a. unipennate b. bipennate c. tripennate d. multipennate

c. tripennate

______ is the rotary movement of the scapula of the scapula in the front plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward a. caption b. downward rotation c. upward rotation d. reduction

c. upward rotation

which of the following terms is described as an outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in "knock-knees"? a. dexter b. sinister c. valgus d. varus

c. valgus

once the elbow is flexed ____ degrees beyond full extension, the joint becomes more lax both medially and laterally a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

d. 20

______ is the study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement a. biomechanics b. kinesiology c. kinematics d. anatomical kinesiology

d. anatomical kinesiology

which nerve plexus innervates the wrist and hand? a. cervical b. femoral c. axillary d. brachial

d. brachial

______ are characterized as usually having a curved surface and varying from thick to very thin a. irregular bones b. short bones c. long bones d. flat bones

d. flat bones

the actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except? a. flexion of the elbow b. pronation of the forearm from a spited position to neutral c. supination of the forearm from pronated position to neutral d. flexion of the carpals

d. flexion of the carpals

_____ is an example of second-class lever in the body a. a triceps extension with the shoulder fully flexed b. a knee flexion in the standing position c. a brachial contraction producing a flexion in the elbow d. gastrocnemius and soles contraction producing plantar flexion

d. gastrocnemius and soles contraction producing plantar flexion

______ occurs when the amount of force we place on a surface when walking is equally exerted by the surface against our foot a. friction b. inertia c. displacement d. ground force reaction

d. ground force reaction

A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force; a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force. This defines newton's law of ______ a. acceleration b. reaction c. force d. inertia

d. inertia

Which of the following terms to muscles within or belonging solely to the body part on which they act? a. volar b. extrinsic c. palmar d. intrinsic

d. intrinsic

which of the following is an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle? a. deltoid b. coracobrachialis c. terms major d. latissimus dorsi

d. latissimus dorsi

which of the following muscles does not contribute to flexion of the elbow? a. biceps brachii b. brachialis c. brachioradialis d. pronator quadratus

d. pronator quadratus

______ are internal receptors located in skin, joints, muscles, and tendons which provide feedback relative to tension, length, & contraction state of muscle, position of body & limbs, and movement of joints a. axons b. efferent neurons c. interneurons d. proprioceptors

d. proprioceptors

this type of joint is only found in the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint a. arhtrodial (gliding) joint b. ginglymus (hinge) joint c. trochoidal (pivot) joint d. sellar (saddle) joint

d. sellar (saddle) joint

_____ relates to or situated to the left or on the left side of, something a. volar b. dexter c. varus d. sinister

d. sinister

In the space below, write the name of the most medial carpal in the proximal row

pisiform

in the space below, write the anatomical name of the wrist

radiocarpal

what is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?

to stabilize the humeral head of the glenoid fossa

Name and provide an example of the six diarthrodial joints

1. Athrodial - Vertebrae 2. Ginglymus - Elbow 3. Trochoidal - Radius/Ulna 4. Condyloid - metacarpophalangeal joint 5. Enarthrodial - hip and shoulder 6. Sellar - thumb

in the space below, provide the name and type of the three bones which make up the humeroulnar and radioulnar joints

1. Humerus 2. Radius 3. Ulnar All long bones

in the space below, write the names of the two ligaments which stabilize the acromioclavicular joint by anchoring it to the superior aspect of the coracoid process

1. costoclavicular 2. coracoclavicular

In the space below provide the three classes of joint types and their corresponding movement capacities

1. diarthrodial: freely moving joints 2. amphiarthrodial: slight movement 3. synarthrodial: no movement

In the space below, provide the names of the 4 movements attributed to the humeroulnar & radioulnar joints

1. flexion 2. extension 3. pronation 4. supination

in the space below, write the names of the three types of amphiarthrodial joints

1. syndesmosis 2. symphysis 3. synchondrosis

in the space below, provide the names of all muscles located in the posterior compartment of the upper arm (humerus)

1. triceps brachii 2. ancones 3. supinator