Final Exam (Exam I + II)
IN the space below, write the name(s) of the structures that innervate the shoulder girdle a
Cervical and Brachial Plexus
In the space below, write the name of the alignment variation which results in the condition commonly referred to as "slue-footed"
Femoral Retroversion
in the space below, write the name of the role of muscle that counteracts the action of the muscles to prevent undesirable movements such as inappropriate muscle substitutions
Neutralizer
In the space below, provide one example of a strap muscle
Sartorius
In the space below, write the name of the role of muscle that surrounds the joint or body part and contract to fixate the area to enable another limb or body segment to exert force and move
Stabilizer
In the space below, provide the name of the immovable joint found in the skull
Suture/Synarthrodial joint
AFR (Axis of Rotation, Force, Resistance) describes what class of lever? a. 3rd class lever b. 2nd class lever c. 1st class lever d. none of the above
a. 3rd class lever
which of the following structures inserts on the posterior surface of the lateral olecranon process and proximal one-fourth of the lateral ulna? a. ancones b. supinator c. triceps brachii d. brachioradialis
a. ancones
which of the following structures pulls the joint capsule aside when the elbow extends terminally? a. ancones b. brachioradialis c. pronator teres d. pronator quadratus
a. ancones
______ is the ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length a. extensibility b. elasticity c. contractility d. plasticity
a. extensibility
which of the following muscles performs extension of the index finger? a. extensor indicis b. extensor pollicis longus c. extensor digiti minimi d. abductor pollicis longus
a. extensor indicis
What term is used to describe the motion of decreasing the gel in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane a. flexion b. extension c. dorsiflexion d. plantar flexion
a. flexion
______ is defined as increased curving of the spine outward or backward in the sagittal plane a. kyphosis b. lordosis c. retroversion d. scoliosis
a. kyphosis
approximately 14% of humans do not have this muscle a. palmaris longus b. flexor carpi radialis c. flexor carpi ulnaris d. supinator
a. palmaris longus
______ muscle fibers produce a greater ROM while ______ muscle fibers produce greater force a. parallel, pennate b. pennate, parallel
a. parallel, pennate
which of the following is not a structure associated with the shoulder joint? a. ribs b. humerus c. clavicle d. scapula
a. ribs
which of the following best describes the anatomical location of the head as it relates to the left arm? a. superomedial b. anteromedial c. superolateral d. anterolateral
a. superomedial
An agonist is also referred to as a prime mover a. true b. false
a. true
Overall, the human leverage system in built for speed and range of movement at the expense of force generation a. true b. false
a. true
the carrying angle in the elbow is greater in females than males a. true b. false
a. true
the origin of the biceps brachii includes supraglenoid tubercle bone the superior lip of the glenoid fossa a. true b. false
a. true
the origin of the deltoid muscle includes the anterior lateral third of the clavicle and the lateral portion of the acromion process a. true b. false
a. true
the origin of the pectorals major muscle includes the medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle a. true b. false
a. true
horizontal abduction in the glenohumeral joint corresponds to which of the following shoulder girdle movements? a. abduction b. adduction c. depression d. elevation
b. adduction
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are collectively known as ______ a. basal ganglia b. brain stem c. cerebellum d. spinal cord
b. brain stem
the frontal plane divides the body into _______. a. right and left halves b. dorsal and ventral halves c. superior and inferior halve d. cephalic and caudal halves
b. dorsal and ventral halves
which type of muscle contraction is utilized in causing an object's deceleration (ex. lowering phase of a barbell bench press) a. concentric b. eccentric c. isokinetic d. isometric
b. eccentric
Movement at the humeroulnar joint by the forearm away from the shoulder is defined as "flexion". a. true b. false
b. false
the wrist has more abducting range of motion than adducting range of motion a. true b. false
b. false
which of the following muscles performs adduction of the wrist? a. palmaris longus b. flexor carpi ulnaris c. flexor pollicis longus d. extensor carpi radialis longus
b. flexor carpi ulnaris
For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction. this statement defines newton's law of _____ a. acceleration b. reaction c. force d. inertia
b. reaction
the carpal is most often fractured due to severe wrist hyperextension related to falling on an outstretched hand a. trapezoid b. scaphoid c. trapezium d. lunate
b. scaphoid
This anatomical directional term refers to being above and toward the midline or inside a. anteromedial b. superomedial c. posteromedial d. inferomedial
b. superomedial
in the space below, provide the names of the nerve plexus which innervates the glenohumeral joint
brachial plexus
Which class of lever is most commonly found in the human body? a. 1st class b. 2nd class c. 3rd class d. 4th class
c. 3rd class
_____ bring impulses from receptors in the skin, joints, muscles, and other peripheral aspects of the body to the central nervous system (CNS) a. interneurons b. motor neurons c. afferent neurons d. efferent neurons
c. afferent neurons
95% or shoulder dislocations occur _______, most often due to impact to an outstretched arm a. anteriorly b. posteriorly c. anterioinferiorly d, posterioinferiorly
c. anterioinferiorly
damage to the ulnar collateral ligament occurs most commonly in which sport? a. volleyball b. tennis c. baseball d. football
c. baseball
The transverse plane divides the body into _____ a. right and left halves b. dorsal and ventral halves c. cephalic and caudal halves d. medial and lateral halves
c. cephalic and caudal halves
the ______, the highest level of control, provides for the creation of voluntary movements as aggregate muscle action but not as specific muscle activity a. basal ganglia b. pons c. cerebral cortex d. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
muscles that _______ the wrist and fingers often originate on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus a. flex b. pronate c. extend d. adduct
c. extend
which of the following muscles performs flexion of the thumb? a. plamaris longs b. flexor carpi ulnaris c. flexor pollicis longus d. extensor carpi radialis longus
c. flexor pollicis longus
which of the following is not a true statement regarding isokinetic exercise? a. the speed or velocity of movement is constant b. muscular contraction occurs only through part of the movement c. it is another type or classification of muscle contraction d. can only be performed on machines such as Boded and Cybex
c. it is another type or classification of muscle contraction
which of the following is not a classification of neuron type? a. afferent b. efferent c. peripheral d. interneuron
c. peripheral
backward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane toward the spine is ______. a. pronation b. protraction c. retraction d. reduction
c. retraction
The pennate type of muscle fiber arrangement may be classified by each of the following terms, except? a. unipennate b. bipennate c. tripennate d. multipennate
c. tripennate
______ is the rotary movement of the scapula of the scapula in the front plane with the inferior angle of the scapula moving laterally and upward a. caption b. downward rotation c. upward rotation d. reduction
c. upward rotation
which of the following terms is described as an outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in "knock-knees"? a. dexter b. sinister c. valgus d. varus
c. valgus
once the elbow is flexed ____ degrees beyond full extension, the joint becomes more lax both medially and laterally a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20
d. 20
______ is the study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement a. biomechanics b. kinesiology c. kinematics d. anatomical kinesiology
d. anatomical kinesiology
which nerve plexus innervates the wrist and hand? a. cervical b. femoral c. axillary d. brachial
d. brachial
______ are characterized as usually having a curved surface and varying from thick to very thin a. irregular bones b. short bones c. long bones d. flat bones
d. flat bones
the actions of the brachioradialis muscle include all of the following except? a. flexion of the elbow b. pronation of the forearm from a spited position to neutral c. supination of the forearm from pronated position to neutral d. flexion of the carpals
d. flexion of the carpals
_____ is an example of second-class lever in the body a. a triceps extension with the shoulder fully flexed b. a knee flexion in the standing position c. a brachial contraction producing a flexion in the elbow d. gastrocnemius and soles contraction producing plantar flexion
d. gastrocnemius and soles contraction producing plantar flexion
______ occurs when the amount of force we place on a surface when walking is equally exerted by the surface against our foot a. friction b. inertia c. displacement d. ground force reaction
d. ground force reaction
A body in motion tends to remain in motion at the same speed in a straight line unless acted on by a force; a body at rest tends to remain at rest unless acted on by a force. This defines newton's law of ______ a. acceleration b. reaction c. force d. inertia
d. inertia
Which of the following terms to muscles within or belonging solely to the body part on which they act? a. volar b. extrinsic c. palmar d. intrinsic
d. intrinsic
which of the following is an extrinsic glenohumeral muscle? a. deltoid b. coracobrachialis c. terms major d. latissimus dorsi
d. latissimus dorsi
which of the following muscles does not contribute to flexion of the elbow? a. biceps brachii b. brachialis c. brachioradialis d. pronator quadratus
d. pronator quadratus
______ are internal receptors located in skin, joints, muscles, and tendons which provide feedback relative to tension, length, & contraction state of muscle, position of body & limbs, and movement of joints a. axons b. efferent neurons c. interneurons d. proprioceptors
d. proprioceptors
this type of joint is only found in the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint a. arhtrodial (gliding) joint b. ginglymus (hinge) joint c. trochoidal (pivot) joint d. sellar (saddle) joint
d. sellar (saddle) joint
_____ relates to or situated to the left or on the left side of, something a. volar b. dexter c. varus d. sinister
d. sinister
In the space below, write the name of the most medial carpal in the proximal row
pisiform
in the space below, write the anatomical name of the wrist
radiocarpal
what is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?
to stabilize the humeral head of the glenoid fossa
Name and provide an example of the six diarthrodial joints
1. Athrodial - Vertebrae 2. Ginglymus - Elbow 3. Trochoidal - Radius/Ulna 4. Condyloid - metacarpophalangeal joint 5. Enarthrodial - hip and shoulder 6. Sellar - thumb
in the space below, provide the name and type of the three bones which make up the humeroulnar and radioulnar joints
1. Humerus 2. Radius 3. Ulnar All long bones
in the space below, write the names of the two ligaments which stabilize the acromioclavicular joint by anchoring it to the superior aspect of the coracoid process
1. costoclavicular 2. coracoclavicular
In the space below provide the three classes of joint types and their corresponding movement capacities
1. diarthrodial: freely moving joints 2. amphiarthrodial: slight movement 3. synarthrodial: no movement
In the space below, provide the names of the 4 movements attributed to the humeroulnar & radioulnar joints
1. flexion 2. extension 3. pronation 4. supination
in the space below, write the names of the three types of amphiarthrodial joints
1. syndesmosis 2. symphysis 3. synchondrosis
in the space below, provide the names of all muscles located in the posterior compartment of the upper arm (humerus)
1. triceps brachii 2. ancones 3. supinator
