Final Exam NSG430

The physician has ordered nitroglycerin for a patient with chest pain at a rate of 10 mcg/min. The pharmacy provides Nitroglycerin 25 mg in 250 mL of D5W. The nurse will set the infusion pump @ a rate of _______ mL/hr.

0.1mL/hr

A patient has been admitted to the ICU for alcohol withdrawl and is ordered lorazepam 10 mg/hr. The pharmacy has sent lorazepam 120 mg in 600 mL of D5W. The nurse will infuse the medication on the infusion pump @ the rate of _______ mL/hr

2.05mL/hr

The patient has hypokalemia and is to receive an IV infusion of potassium chloride. The physician orders the KCl to infuse at a rate of 2 mEq/hr. The pharmacy sends KCL 40mEq/L in D5W. The nurse will set the infusion pump @ ________ mL/hr

50mL/hr

The physician has ordered Dopamine to be administered @ a rate of 5 mcg/kg/min. The patient weighs 145 pounds and the drug is sent to the unit as Dopamine 400 mg in 250 mL D5W. The nurse will set the infusion pump @ ________mL/hr *Round to the nearest mL at the end of the equation

50mL/hr

The nurse is caring for a burn-injured patient who weighs 154 pounds, and the burn injury covers 40% of his body surface area. The nurse calculates the fluid needs for the first 24 hours after a burn injury using a standard fluid resuscitation formula of 4 mL/kg/% burn of intravenous (IV) fluid for the first 24 hours. The nurse plans to administer what amount of fluid in the first 24 hours? Select one: a. 14000 ml b. 2800 ml c. 7000 ml d. 11200 ml

a. 14000 ml

A patient with a head injury has an intracranial pressure (ICP) of 18 mm Hg. The blood pressure is 144/90 mm Hg, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) is 90 mm Hg. What is the cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)? Select one: a. 90 mm Hg b. 72 mm Hg c. 126 mm Hg d. 54 mm Hg

a. 90 mm Hg

The healthcare provider is caring for a patient on a ventilator with an endotracheal tube in place. What assessment data indicate the tube has migrated too far down the trachea? Select one: a. Decreased breath sounds on the left side of the chest b. Increased crackles bilaterally c. High pressure alarm sounds d. Low pressure alarm sounds

a. Decreased breath sounds on the left side of the chest

(9) Which of the following would be seen in a patient with myxedema coma? Select one: a. Decreased reflexes b. Hyperthermia c. Tachycardia d. Hyperventilation

a. Decreased reflexes

Which of the following statements about mass casualty triage during a disaster is true? Select one: a. Disaster victims with the greatest chances for survival receive priority for treatment. b. Once interventions have been initiated, health care providers cannot stop the treatment of disaster victims. c. Color-coded systems in which green indicates the patient of greatest need are used during disasters. d. Priority treatments and interventions focus primarily on young victims.

a. Disaster victims with the greatest chances for survival receive priority for treatment.

An elderly female patient has presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, hypothermia, and clinical signs of heart failure. Myxedema is suspected. Which of the following laboratory findings support this diagnosis? Select one: a. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone b. Elevated cortisol levels c. Elevated T3 and T4 d. Elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone

a. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone

college student was admitted to the emergency department after being found unconscious by a roommate. The roommate informs emergency medical personnel that the student has diabetes and has been experiencing flulike symptoms, including vomiting, since yesterday. The patient had been up all night studying for exams. The patient used the last diabetes testing supplies 3 days ago and has not had time to go to the pharmacy to refill prescription supplies. Based upon the history, which laboratory findings would be anticipated in this client? Select all that apply: Select one or more: a. HCO3—: 10 mEq/L b. Blood glucose: 524 mg/dL c. pH: 7.40 d. Blood glucose: 43 mg/dL

a. HCO3—: 10 mEq/L b. Blood glucose: 524 mg/dL d. Blood glucose: 43 mg/dL

While caring for a patient with a traumatic brain injury, the nurse assesses an ICP of 20 mm Hg and a CPP of 55 mm Hg. What is the best interpretation by the nurse? Select one: a. ICP is high; CPP is low. b. Both pressures are low. c. Both pressures are high. d. ICP is high; CPP is normal.

a. ICP is high; CPP is low.

Which intervention is most important in assessing fluid balance in the patient with AKI? Select one: a. Intake and Output b. estimated gfr c. Serum creatinine d. Daily weight

a. Intake and Output

During the treatment and management of the trauma patient, maintaining tissue perfusion, oxygenation, and nutritional support are strategies to prevent Select one: a. Multisystem organ dysfunction. b. Wound infection c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. d. Septic shock.

a. Multisystem organ dysfunction.

Which patient would benefit the most from central venous/right atrial pressure monitoring? Select one: a. Patient admitted with a bowel obstruction b. Patient taking routine doses of furosemide c. Patient admitted in cardiogenic shock d. Patient receiving two units of blood

a. Patient admitted with a bowel obstruction

Which liver transplant patient being cared for in the ICU is exhibiting signs of acute rejection? Select one: a. Patient with dark urine and jaundice b. Patient with postoperative pain 6/10 c. Patient with temp of 99.0° F and thirst d. Patient with a CVP of 6 mm Hg

a. Patient with dark urine and jaundice

The nurse has admitted a patient to the ED following a fall from a first-floor hotel balcony. The patient smells of alcohol and begins to vomit in the ED. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate? Select one: a. Prepare to suction the oropharynx while maintaining cervical spine immobilization. b. Send a specimen of the emesis to the laboratory for analysis of blood alcohol content. c. Insert an oral airway to prevent aspiration and to protect the airway. d. Offer the patient an emesis basin so that you can measure the amount of emesis.

a. Prepare to suction the oropharynx while maintaining cervical spine immobilization.

While caring for a patient who is experiencing a postoperative hemorrhage, the healthcare provider notes the rhythm observed on the electrocardiogram (EKG) does not produce a pulse. Which actions should the healthcare provider initiate first? Select one: a. Syncronized cardioversion b. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) c. Administer epinephrine d. Defibrillation

a. Syncronized cardioversion

The nurse recognizes which statement as a potential ethical issue? Select one: a. "My mother has designated my brother to make decisions." b. "If the breathing machine is helping my mother, why is the doctor asking me about removing the breathing tube?" c. "Can I assist with some of my mother's care?" d. . "The physician explained my mother's poor prognosis."

b. "If the breathing machine is helping my mother, why is the doctor asking me about removing the breathing tube?"

Patients who are not able to meet their nutritional needs orally should be started on enteral nutrition within what time frame? Select one: a. 12-24 hours b. 24-48 hours c. 6-12 hours d. 5 days

b. 24-48 hours

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the emergency department in status epilepticus. Vital signs assessed by the nurse include blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg, heart rate 145 beats/min, respiratory rate 36 breaths/min, oxygen saturation (SpO2) 96% on 100% supplemental oxygen by non-rebreather mask. An IV has been established and the patient has been given lorazepam, but the seizures continue. What is the next nursing priority? Select one: a. Obtain stat portable chest x-ray. b. Administer phenytoin. c. Administer 2nd lorazepam dose. d. Obtain stat serum electrolytes.

b. Administer phenytoin.

Which of the following patients is at the highest risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome? Select one: a. An 18-year-old college student with type 2 diabetes who was diagnosed with the flu b. An 83-year-old, long-term care resident with type 1 diabetes and new onset Alzheimer's disease. c. A 75-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease who has recently started on insulin injections d. A 45-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes who forgets to take her insulin in the morning

b. An 83-year-old, long-term care resident with type 1 diabetes and new onset Alzheimer's disease.

The nurse is caring for patient who has been struck by lightning. Because of the nature of the injury, the nurse assesses the patient for which of the following? Select one: a. Infection b. Central nervous system deficits c. Contractures d. Stress ulcers

b. Central nervous system deficits

The nurse is caring for a patient who underwent pituitary surgery 12 hours ago. The nurse will give priority to monitoring the patient carefully for which of the following? Select one: a. Infection b. Diabetes Insipidus c. Volume overload d. Congestive heart failure

b. Diabetes Insipidus

An individual with type 2 diabetes who takes glipizide has begun a formal exercise program at a local gym. While exercising on the treadmill, the individual becomes pale, diaphoretic, shaky, and has a headache. The individual feels as though she is going to pass out. What is the individual's priority action? Select one: a. Drink additional water to prevent dehydration b. Eat an apple c. Take another dose of the glipizide d. Go to the first-aid station to have glucose checked

b. Eat an apple

While caring for a patient with a closed head injury, the nurse assesses the patient to be alert with a blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg, heart rate 60 beats/min, respirations 18 breaths/min, and a temperature of 102°F. To reduce the risk of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in this patient, what is (are) the priority nursing action(s)? Select one: a. Maintain neutral head alignment and avoid extreme hip flexion. b. Ensure adequate periods of rest between nursing interventions. c. Reduce ambient room temperature and administer antipyretics. d. Insert an oral airway and monitor respiratory rate and depth.

b. Ensure adequate periods of rest between nursing interventions.

diabetic ketoacidosis, the laboratory results are similar to those of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, with three major exceptions. What differences would you expect to see in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis? Select one: a. Lower serum glucose, lower osmolality, and no ketosis b. Higher serum glucose, higher osmolality, and no ketosis c. Lower serum glucose, lower osmolality, and higher ketosis d. Higher serum glucose, higher osmolality, and higher ketosis

b. Higher serum glucose, higher osmolality, and no ketosis

The greatest risk of GI bleeding is: Select one: a. Infection b. Hypovolemia c. Anemia d. Increased cardiac output

b. Hypovolemia

Arterial blood gas alterations in pneumonia include which of the following? Select one: a. Hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis b. Hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis c. Normal oxygen and respiratory acidosis d. Normal values

b. Hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis

Which of the following interventions would not be appropriate for a patient who is admitted with a suspected basilar skull fracture? Select one: a. Placement of an oral airway b. Insertion of a nasotracheal tube c. Insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter d. Endotracheal intubation

b. Insertion of a nasotracheal tube

An autograft is used to optimally treat a partial- or full-thickness wound that Select all that apply Select one or more: a. Is infected. b. Involves a joint. c. Requires less than 2 weeks for healing. d. Involves the face, hands, or feet.

b. Involves a joint. c. Requires less than 2 weeks for healing. d. Involves the face, hands, or feet.

The nurse assesses a patient with a skull fracture to have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3. Additional vital signs assessed by the nurse include blood pressure 100/70 mm Hg, heart rate 55 beats/min, respiratory rate 10 breaths/min, oxygen saturation (SpO2) 94% on oxygen at 3 L per nasal cannula. What is the priority nursing action? Select one: a. Increase supplemental oxygen delivery. b. Monitor the patient's airway patency. c. Elevate the head of the patient's bed. d. Support bony prominences with padding.

b. Monitor the patient's airway patency.

The nurse is caring for a patient who was hit on the head with a hammer. The patient was unconscious at the scene briefly but is now conscious upon arrival at the emergency department with a GCS score of 15. One hour later, the nurse assesses a GCS score of 3. What is the priority nursing action? Select one: a. stimulate the patient hourly. b. Notify the provider immediately. c. Elevate the head of the bed. d. Continue to monitor the patient.

b. Notify the provider immediately.

A patient presents to the emergency department with the following clinical signs: Pulse: 132 beats/min, Blood pressure: 88/50 mm Hg, Respiratory rate: 32 breaths/min, Blood sugar of 60, fatigue, dizziness and darkening of skin. These signs are consistent with which disorder? Select one: a. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) b. Thyroid Storm c. Myxedema coma d. Adrenal Crisis

b. Thyroid Storm

The nurse is managing the pain of a patient with burns. The provider has prescribed opiates to be given intramuscularly. The nurse contacts the provider to change the prescription to intravenous administration because Select one: a. Intramuscular injections cause additional skin disruption. b. Tissue edema may interfere with drug absorption of injectable routes. c. Hypermetabolism limits effectiveness of medications administered intramuscularly. d. Burn pain is so severe it requires relief by the fastest route available.

b. Tissue edema may interfere with drug absorption of injectable routes.

Which of the following laboratory values would be found in a patient with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone? Select one: a. Serum sodium 152 mEq/L b. Urinary sodium 22 mEq/L c. Serum potassium 5.8 mEq/L d. Fasting blood glucose 156 mg/dL

b. Urinary sodium 22 mEq/L

A patient with disseminated intravascular coagulation is receiving I.V. albumin, which Select one: a. decreases intravascular volume b. increases interstitial volume c. is isotonic d. increases intravascular volume

b. increases interstitial volume

The nurse is planning care to meet the patient's pain management needs related to burn treatment. The patient is alert, oriented, and follows commands. The pain is worse during the day, when various treatments are scheduled. Which statement to the provider best indicates the nurse's knowledge of pain management for this patient? Select one: a. "The patient's pain is often unrelieved. I suggest that we also add benzodiazepines to the opioids around the clock." b. "The patient's pain is often unrelieved. It would be best if we can schedule the opioids around the clock." c. "The patient's pain varies depending on the treatment given. Can we try patient-controlled analgesia to see if that helps the patient better?" d. "Can we ask the music therapist to come by each morning to see if that will help the patient's pain?"

c. "The patient's pain varies depending on the treatment given. Can we try patient-controlled analgesia to see if that helps the patient better?"

The nurse is caring for a patient who has circumferential full-thickness burns of his forearm. A priority in the plan of care is Select one: a. To keep the extremity in a dependent position. b. To prepare for an escharotomy as a prophylactic measure. c. Active or passive range-of-motion exercises every hour. d. To splint the forearm.

c. Active or passive range-of-motion exercises every hour.

For patients with major burns, when should you start enteral feedings? Select one: a. A few hours after the injury has occurred b. Not until bowel sounds have returned c. After the emergent phase of the injury d. 2 to 3 days after the injury

c. After the emergent phase of the injury

A community-based external disaster is initiated after a tornado moved through the city. A nurse from the medical records review department arrives at the emergency department asking how to assist. The best response by a nurse working for the trauma center would be to Select one: a. Have the nurse assist with transport of patients to procedural areas. b. Thank the nurse but inform her to return to her department as her skill set is not a good match for patients' needs. c. Assign the nurse administrative duties, such as obtaining patient demographic information. d. Assign the nurse to a triage room with another nurse from the emergency department.

c. Assign the nurse administrative duties, such as obtaining patient demographic information.

Interpret these ABGs; patient has a history of COPD: pH 7.37, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, bicarbonate 30 mEq/L; SpO2 93% Select one: a. Compensated metabolic alkalosis b. Combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis c. Compensated respiratory acidosis d. Partly compensated respiratory alkalosis

c. Compensated respiratory acidosis

A patient suddenly becomes unresponsive as you're speaking to him and develops generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Your priority is to: Select one: a. Notify the primary care provider immediately. b. Administer intravenous diazepam. c. Establish an airway. d. Perform a rapid neurologic exam.

c. Establish an airway.

The optimal measurement of intravascular fluid status during the immediate fluid resuscitation phase of burn treatment is Select one: a. Blood urea nitrogen. b. Daily weight c. Hourly intake and urine output d. Serum potassium

c. Hourly intake and urine output

Which of the following statements are true regarding fluid resuscitation during the care of a trauma patient? Select all that apply Select one or more: a. Only fully crossmatched blood products are administered b. Lactated Ringer's is recommended for rapid crystalloid infusion. c. IV fluids may need to be warmed to prevent hypothermia. d. Massive transfusions should be avoided to improve patient outcomes.

c. IV fluids may need to be warmed to prevent hypothermia. d. Massive transfusions should be avoided to improve patient outcomes.

In patients with extensive burns, edema occurs in both burned and unburned areas because of Select one: a. Catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction. b. Loss of integument barrier. c. Increased capillary permeability. d. Decreased glomerular filtration.

c. Increased capillary permeability.

Tissue damage from burn injury activates an inflammatory response that increases the patient's risk for Select one: a. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. b. Acute kidney injury. c. Infection d. Stress ulcers

c. Infection

A 24-year-old unrestrained driver who sustained multiple traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle crash has a blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg at the scene. The primary survey of this patient upon arrival to the ED Select one: a. Involves turning the patient from side to side to get a look at his back. b. Includes a cervical spine x-ray study to determine the presence of a fracture. c. Is done quickly in the first few minutes to get a baseline assessment and establish priorities. d. Is a methodical head-to-toe assessment identifying injuries and treatment priorities.

c. Is done quickly in the first few minutes to get a baseline assessment and establish priorities.

While caring for a patient with a basilar skull fracture, the nurse assesses clear drainage from the patient's left naris. What is the best nursing action? Select one: a. Insert bilateral cotton nasal packing. b. Have the patient blow the nose until clear. c. Place a nasal drip pad under the nose. d. Suction the left nares until the drainage clears.

c. Place a nasal drip pad under the nose.

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Following aggressive fluid resuscitation and intravenous (IV) insulin administration, the blood glucose begins to normalize. In addition to glucose monitoring, which of the following electrolytes requires close monitoring? Select one: a. Chloride b. Sodium c. Potassium d. Calcium

c. Potassium

Being present during a code can assist family members in: Select one: a. Determining the need for a lawsuit b. Documenting care that was provided c. Witnessing that everything has been done d. Taking a photo of the family member

c. Witnessing that everything has been done

After receiving the handoff report from the day shift charge nurse, which patient should the evening charge nurse assess first? Select one: a. Patient with meningitis complaining of photophobia b. A patient with bacterial meningitis on droplet precautions c. Mechanically ventilated patient with a GCS of 6 d. A patient with an intracranial pressure ICP of 20 mm Hg and an oral temperature of 104°F

d. A patient with an intracranial pressure ICP of 20 mm Hg and an oral temperature of 104°F

A patient presents to the emergency department with suspected thyroid storm. The nurse should be alert to which of the following cardiac rhythms while providing care to this patient? Select one: a. Idioventricular rhythm b. Sinus bradycardia c. Junctional rhythm d. Atrial fibrillation

d. Atrial fibrillation

A 36-year-old driver was pulled from a car after it collided with a tree and the gas tank exploded. What assessment data suggest the patient suffered tissue damage consistent with a blast injury? Select one: a. Blood pressure 82/60 mm Hg, heart rate 122 beats/min, respiratory rate 28 breaths/min b. Responsive only to painful stimuli c. Irregular heart rate and rhythm d. Crackles (rales) on auscultation of bilateral lung fields

d. Crackles (rales) on auscultation of bilateral lung fields

The nurse is caring for a patient with an arterial monitoring system. The nurse asses the patient's noninvasive cuff blood pressure to be 70/40 mm Hg. The arterial blood pressure measurement via an intra-arterial catheter in the same arm is assessed by the nurse to be 108/70 mm Hg. What is the best action by the nurse? Select one: a. Frequent oropharyngeal suctioning b. Side to side position changes c. Range-of-motion to extremities d. Frequent neurological assessments

d. Frequent neurological assessments

The nurse admits a 35-year-old patient to the emergency department following a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting. Vital signs assessed by the nurse include a BP of 70/50 mm Hg, HR 145 beats/min, RR 36 breaths/min, and SpO2 of 92% on room air. The nurse recognizes which classification of shock? Select one: a. Obstructive b. Anaphylactic c. Cardiogenic d. Hypovolemic

d. Hypovolemic

When paramedics notice singed hairs in the nose of a burn patient, it is recommended that the patient be intubated. What is the reasoning for the immediate intubation? Select one: a. Carbon monoxide poisoning always occurs when soot is visible. b. The patient will have a copious amount of mucus that will need to be suctioned. c. The singed hairs and soot in the nostrils will cause dysfunction of cilia in the airways. d. Inhalation injury above the glottis may cause significant edema that obstructs the airway.

d. Inhalation injury above the glottis may cause significant edema that obstructs the airway.

A patient with a 60% burn in the acute phase of treatment develops a tense abdomen, decreasing urine output, hypercapnia, and hypoxemia. Based on this assessment, the nurse anticipates interventions to evaluate and treat the patient for Select one: a. Acute kidney injury. b. Disseminated intravascular coagulation disorder. c. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. d. Intra-abdominal hypertension.

d. Intra-abdominal hypertension.

An 18-year-old unrestrained passenger who sustained multiple traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle crash has a blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg at the scene. This patient should be treated at which level trauma center? Select one: a. Level IV b. Level II c. Level III d. Level 1

d. Level 1

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted with new onset of slurred speech, facial droop, and left-sided weakness 8 hours ago. Diagnostic computed tomography scan rules out the presence of an intracranial bleed. Which actions are most important to include in the patient's plan of care? Select all that apply Select one or more: a. Make frequent neurological assessments. b. Maintain CO2 level at 35-45 mm Hg. c. Prepare for thrombolytic administration. d. Maintain MAP greater than 130 mm Hg.

d. Maintain MAP greater than 130 mm Hg.

The nurse admits a patient to the emergency department (ED) with a suspected cervical spine injury. What is the priority nursing action? Select one: a. Remove cervical collar upon arrival to the ED. b. Prepare for immediate endotracheal intubation. c. Keep the neck in the hyperextended position. d. Maintain proper head and neck alignment.

d. Maintain proper head and neck alignment.

The nurse is preparing to admit a patient from the ED who has sustained a complete spinal cord lesion at the C5 level. When planning the patient's care, which nursing intervention is most important? Select one: a. Give small, frequent feedings. b. Assist with passive range-of-motion. c. Apply warming devices as needed. d. Perform hourly incentive spirometry.

d. Perform hourly incentive spirometry.

The nurse asks a patient with chest pain if it travels to the neck or shoulders. This is an assessment of: Select one: a. Postion b. Severity c. Quality d. Radiation

d. Radiation

The nurse is caring for a patient being treated with therapeutic hypothermia post-CPR. Which order should the nurse question? Select one: a. Draw serum electrolytes stat b. Continuously monitor EEG and ECG c. Measure blood glucose every 2 hours d. Record tympanic temperature every hour

d. Record tympanic temperature every hour

Which of the following interventions is a strategy to prevent fat embolism syndrome? Select one: a. Administer lipid-lowering statin medications. b. Intubate the patient early after the injury to provide mechanical ventilation. c. Provide prophylaxis with low-molecular weight heparin. d. Stabilize extremity fractures early.

d. Stabilize extremity fractures early.

The charge nurse assigns patients based on their acuity and the level of experience of the critical care nurses on duty. This is an example of implementation of: Select one: a. Healthy work environment b. National patient safety goals c. SBAR communication d. Synergy model

d. Synergy model

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a diminished level of consciousness and who is mechanically ventilated. While performing endotracheal suctioning, the patient's hands clench and pull into the chest. What is the best interpretation by the nurse? Select one: a. The patient is exhibiting purposeful movement. b. The patient is exhibiting flexion posturing. c. The patient is exhibiting extension posturing. d. The patient is exhibiting decorticate posturing.

d. The patient is exhibiting decorticate posturing.

A 63-year-old patient is admitted with new-onset fever; flulike symptoms; blisters over the arms, chest, and neck; and red, painful oral mucous membranes. The patient should be further evaluated for which possible non-burn-injured skin disorder? Select one: a. Necrotizing soft tissue infection b. Graft-versus-host disease c. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome d. Toxic epidermal necrolysis

d. Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Which of the following statements is true about the medical management of diabetic ketoacidosis? Select all that apply Select one or more: a. Sodium bicarbonate is used to correct severe acidosis. b. Blood glucose levels are used to guide insulin administration. c. The degree of acidosis is assessed through continuous pulse oximetry. d. Volume replacement and insulin infusion often correct the acidosis.

d. Volume replacement and insulin infusion often correct the acidosis.

The nurse assesses that there is significant disagreement among family members about what course of treatment is best for the patient. What would be the best response by the nurse? Select one: a. "You need to come to a decision quickly and let us know what you want." b. "Perhaps you should consult with your pastor or priest." c. d. " Which one of you is the patient's surrogate to make the decision?" e. "Could we hold a family conference so that we can develop the best plan of care for your loved one?"

e. "Could we hold a family conference so that we can develop the best plan of care for your loved one?"