Final Exam- Public Health- Quiz Questions (set 1)

Which measurement best addresses the question: What is the chance of developing lung cancer among a population of factory workers in a given year?

Incident rate

Which one of the following diseases is the least likely to be eradicated?

Influenza

__________ is the full range of strategies designed to protect health and prevent disease, disability, and death.

Intervention

What is a disadvantage of sequential (two-test) screening?

It cannot detect false negatives

What does the case-fatality represent in relationship to disease?

It indicates the chance of dying from the disease

Which type of law may place requirements of prohibition on future activities (for example, the law might require restaurant inspections or prohibit smoking in public places)?

Legislative Law

Which type of law may place requirements of prohibition on future activities (for example, the law might require restaurant inspections or prohibit smoking in public places)?

Legislative law

Which term refers to protection of an entire population from a communicable disease by obtaining individual immunity through vaccination or natural infections by a large percentage of the population?

Herd or population immunity

What is true about behavior change?

-Changes with a physiological component are the most difficult to change -Physical, social, and economic barriers can prevent behavior change -Incentives can encourage rapid acceptance of behavior change (All of these choices are correct)

Which of the following principles reflects the implications of social justice?

-Community well-being supersedes that of the individual -Planned rationing of health care -Public Solutions to social problems (All these choices reflect the implications of social justice)

An example of barrier protection is:

-Condoms -Masks -Isolation (All of these choices are examples)

What strategy can we use to address complex problems of noncommunicable diseases?

-Health care -Public health -Social interventions (All of these choices can be used to address noncommunicable disease)

Which of the following is/are method(s) of transmission of HIV/AIDS

-Intravenous drug use -Blood transfusions -Breast feeding (All of these choices are correct)

What is the P.E.R.I.E. process?

-It stands for Problem, Etiology, Recommendations, Implementation and Evaluation -It is used to define, address, and analyze public health problems -It is an approach used in evidence-based public health -All of these choices are correct

The PRECEDE- PROCEDE framework can be defined as:

A structure to design and evaluate health education and health promotion programs through a diagnostic planning process followed by an implementation and evaluation process

Which factor of transmission is defined by the ability to transmit the disease while humans or animals are free of symptoms of the disease?

Asymptomatic transmission

Which of the following is a mathematical formula used to interpret the meaning of diagnostic screenings and tests?

Bayes' theorem

Smoking cigarettes, eating a good diet, unprotected sex, and exercising are examples of what determinant of disease?

Behavior Medical Care Infection

Which ethical principle is best represented by this statement: to do no harm and to maximize possible benefits while minimizing possible harms?

Beneficence

_________ focuses on applying morals or values to areas of potential conflict.

Bioethics

Which of the following statements is FALSE in regards to branding?

Branding reaches all segments of the audience in the same way

An analysis of the morbidity and mortality produced by disease.

Burden of disease

The justification for using the under-5 mortality rate is:

By the time a child reaches age 5, they have a high probability of surviving to adulthood

Which public health technique involves an effort to identify and locate contacts of individuals diagnosed with a disease and evaluate them for possible treatment?

Case Finding

Which term refers to a long-term protection that more closely resembles the body's own response to infection?

Cell-mediated immunity

What is the risk taking behavior that people engage in when they are experiencing a tolerable situation and they do not want to take any chances of being reduced to a lower, perhaps intolerable utility?

Certainty Effect

What is the type of node that reflects points in which decisions are made?

Choice Nodes

An investigation that begins by identifying a group that has a factor under investigation (such as smoking and lung cancer) and a group that does not have the facotr. The outcome in each group is then asseessed and can help establish the cause precedes the effect. This type of study is

Cohort

Health communications addresses how we:

Collect data Present information Make decisions (All of these answers are correct)

Which of the following principles DOES NOT reflect the characteristics of market justice?

Collective responsibility for health

As a country develops, what class of disease no longer predominate?

Communicable

What is the concept that combines the issues of benefits and harms with issues of financial costs known as?

Cost-effectiveness

Which of the following is FALSE regarding culture?

Culture indirectly affects the daily habits of life

What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?

Incidence describes the number of new cases of a disease for a time while prevalence describes the percentage who have the disease at a point in time

_________ describes the impact of falling childhood death rates and extended life spans on the size of populations and the age distribution of populations.

Demographic Transition

Underlying factors that ultimately bring about disease are referred to as

Determinants

What is the measure that has been developed and used by the WHO to allow for comparisons and changes based on categories of disease and conditions?

Disability-adjusted life years

What is the quantitative process in which we give greater emphasis or weight to events that are expected to occur in the immediate future compared to events that are expected to occur in the distant future known as?

Discounting

Which type of factors are those that directly involve an individual and can potentially be altered by individual interventions, such as addiction to nicotine?

Downstream Factors

What is the effect that is present with hazards that easily produce very visual and feared consequences (i.e. explains why we fear shark attacks more than drowning in a swimming pool)?

Dread Effect

Which criteria for a screening program does the following situation violate: screening cigarette smokers for lung cancer with X-rays provides a means for early detection, but by the time lung cancer can be seen via chest- x-ray it is already too late to cure.

Early detection is possible and improves outcome

Identify what is not a socioeconomic factor in the United States.

Ethnicity

How well does/do the intervention(s) work in practice is an example of

Evaluation

Which application of genetics does the following scenario represent: detection of genetic defects immediately after birth with follow-up treatment to prevent the clinical expression of the disease

Genetic detection prior to disease

Which theory focuses on individuals' characteristics, including their perceptions and thought processes prior to taking health related actions?

Health Belief Model

Which of the following Stages of Change does this statement represent: An individual has lost 15 pounds and starts a regular exercise program to keep the weight off?

Maintenance

This philosophy emphasizes individual, rather than collective, responsibility for health:

Market justice

What is true about screening for disease?

More than one choice is correct

Which is true regarding life expectancy?

More than one choice is correct

In public health, death is called:

Mortality

What is NOT true regarding communicable diseases today?

Most communicable diseases have been eradicated with global vaccination campaigns

In the post-World War II era, the development of what ushered in a new era of public health?

Penicillin

Which authority allows states to pass legislation and take actions to protect the common good?

Police Power

What is the estimate based on combining information about the prevalence of the disease and risk factors for the disease called?

Pretest probability of disease

Food and drug laws and procedures, environmental laws and procedures, regulations for control of communicable diseases are part of which component of health law, policy, and ethics?

Public Health

What is the term for the collection of health data as the basis for monitoring and understanding health problems, generating hypotheses about etiology, and evaluating the success of intervention?

Public Health Surveillance

The relationship between individuals and their social systems is:

Reciprocal

Which of the following involves immediate vaccination of populations surrounding geographical areas after identification of a case of disease?

Ring vaccination

Which factor of transmission is defined by the anatomical and physiological methods for transmission from person to person and from animal species to humans?

Route of transmission

Screening for disease and multiple risk factor reduction are key approaches to using testing as part of what level of intervention?

Secondary intervention

The wide range of strategies that are being used to address health issues can be divided into three general categories. Which of the follow categories is NOT one of those three categories?

Social Determinates

A philosophy that aims to provide fair treatment and a fair share of the reward of society to individuals and groups.

Social Justice

Which term incorporates family income, education level or parents' educational level, and professional status or parents' professional status?

Socioeconomic Status

What does prevalence tell us about disease?

The proportion( percentage) of people living with the disease

All of the following protections are provided to research subjects except:

The right to know if he or she will be receiving a placebo

What is a set of interrelated concepts that presents a systematic view of relationships among variables in order to explain and predict events and situations?

Theory

What do epidemiologists do?

They investigate factors to see if they can find patterns or associations in the frequency of disease

Why was the Institutional Review Board created?

To ensure the ethical conduct of research

Who is the definition of "population" in public health changing?

To recognize that there is a global community

What is the method to measure and compare the value or importance that different people place on different outcomes?

Utility Scale

When is multiple risk factor reduction MOST effective?

When there are constellations, or groups of risk factors that cluster together in definable groups of people