Mastering A&P- practice questions

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart contractility

ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for

a serious hemorrhage

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart rate and contractility

When renin is released from the kidney,

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

Edema may occur when

blood pressure is high, endothelial permeability goes up, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, the plasms concentration of protein is reduced

Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

blood viscosity, turbulence, vessel diameter, vascular resistance

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,

both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

What structure do RBCs move through single file?

capillary

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.

capillary; interstitial fluid

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?

carotid sinus and aortic arch

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

concentration of plasma proteins

capillaires that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?

decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow

Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?

0.4 cm

If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

doubled

blood pressure is determined by

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except

increased blood concentration of glucose.

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except

inhibition of EPO secretion.

Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.

proteins in the blood

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

pulse

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except

release of renin

Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

salt and water loss through kidneys

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica intima

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?

vascular resistance

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

venous

after blood leaves the capillaries, it enters

venules

Turbulent blood flow occurs

when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter, at high flow rates, when blood pressure is excessively high, when there are irregularities in the vessel wall

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?

34mm Hg

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

arteriole

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles

In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer.

arteriolsclerosis

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.

blood pressure

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by:

large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma

Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the:

lymphatic system

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?

net osmotic pressure

Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the

osmolarity of intersitial fluids

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because:

starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

the greater resistance to blood flow