Mastering A&P- practice questions
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?
an increase in heart contractility
ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for
a serious hemorrhage
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
an increase in heart rate and contractility
When renin is released from the kidney,
angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
Edema may occur when
blood pressure is high, endothelial permeability goes up, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, the plasms concentration of protein is reduced
Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?
blood viscosity, turbulence, vessel diameter, vascular resistance
Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.
Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,
both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?
capillary
What structure do RBCs move through single file?
capillary
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.
capillary; interstitial fluid
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
carotid sinus and aortic arch
The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
concentration of plasma proteins
capillaires that have a complete lining are called
continuous capillaries
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
Resistance is a force that
decreases blood flow
Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery?
0.4 cm
If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
doubled
blood pressure is determined by
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except
increased blood concentration of glucose.
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except
inhibition of EPO secretion.
Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.
proteins in the blood
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
pulse
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.
Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except
release of renin
Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased
salt and water loss through kidneys
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica intima
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica media
Which of the following opposes the flow of blood back to the heart?
vascular resistance
What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?
vein
Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?
veins
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?
venous
after blood leaves the capillaries, it enters
venules
Turbulent blood flow occurs
when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter, at high flow rates, when blood pressure is excessively high, when there are irregularities in the vessel wall
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?
34mm Hg
Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?
arteriole
The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arterioles
In the condition known as ________, the wall of an artery becomes thicker and stiffer.
arteriolsclerosis
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.
blood pressure
Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by:
large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the:
lymphatic system
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?
net osmotic pressure
Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the
osmolarity of intersitial fluids
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because:
starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP
In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has
the greater resistance to blood flow