Final Exam Quiz Questions

In 2000 the labor force participation rate of black women was _________ the rate of white women, while the rate for black men was ________________ the rate of white men. Select one: a. equal to; less than b. greater than; less than c. greater than; equal to d. equal to; equal to

greater than; less than

The relative union wage advantage is generally_____ Select one: a. larger in the public sector than in the private sector. b. smaller in the United States than in Europe. c. about 50% in the United States. d. larger during recessions.

larger during recessions.

Union membership in the United States is currently _____________ than in other industrialized countries and has _____________ in recent years. Select one: a. lower; fallen b. higher; risen c. lower; risen d. higher; fallen

lower; fallen

The female-male wage ratio in the United States is generally ________________ than in other industrialized countries, probably because _____________________________ Select one: a. lower; American women face relatively more discrimination. b. higher; American women face relatively less discrimination. c. lower; pay gaps between high- and low-paid workers are wider in the United States. d. higher; in the United States women's productive characteristics are closer to those of men.

lower; pay gaps between high- and low-paid workers are wider in the United States.

The Equal Pay Act of 1963_____ Select one: a. outlawed racial discrimination in hiring of workers. b. outlawed separate pay scales for men and women who perform the same jobs. c. outlawed sexual discrimination in firing of workers. d. outlawed sexual discrimination in hiring of workers.

outlawed separate pay scales for men and women who perform the same jobs.

Employer discrimination implies that_____ Select one: a. some employers give up profits to avoid hiring one group. b. there will be no market wage differential. c. if the group discriminated against is small, there will be a wage differential in the market. d. co-workers and customers prefer one group of workers over another.

some employers give up profits to avoid hiring one group.

If attitudes change and unions are perceived as dangerous to American companies' ability to complete in the world market, then_____ Select one: a. we will move to the right along the demand curve for union services. b. we will move to the left along the demand curve for union services. c. the demand curve for union services will shift to the right. d. the demand curve for union services will shift to the left.

the demand curve for union services will shift to the left.

Federal antidiscrimination programs appear to_____ Select one: a. have made no difference in raising relative earnings of black workers. b. have hurt the relative earnings of black workers. c. have made little difference raising relative earnings of black workers, probably because individual programs have had only small effects. d. have helped to raise relative earnings of black workers.

have helped to raise relative earnings of black workers.

Unionization rates in the United States are highest_____ Select one: a. in the government sector. b. in the manufacturing sector. c. among young workers. d. among white workers.

in the government sector.

The potential gains to a union in terms of wages and employment will be greatest if the firm's demand for labor is_____ Select one: a. horizontal. b. inelastic. c. elastic. d. of unit elasticity.

inelastic

The _______________ Act established the National Labor Relations Board and required employers to bargain with the union that represents the majority of their employees. Select one: a. Wagner or National Labor Relations Act b. Norris-LaGuardia c. Taft-Hartley d. Landrum-Griffin

Wagner or National Labor Relations Act

Between 1990 and 2010, which group did NOT experience growth in their share of the civilian labor force?_____ Select one: a. Hispanics b. Asians and Native Americans c. White males d. Blacks/African-Americans

White males