Final Exam Review

T/F. Metaethics is the division of ethics that focuses on particular scenarios or controversial ethical issues that we face specific areas of our lives.

F

T/F. One objection to utilitarianism is that it does not demand enough sacrifice from individuals.

F

T/F. One of the three important features of utilitarian theory of value, according to our test, is that the good is up to each individual to define.

F

T/F. Philosophical method boils down to an exchange of opinions. There isn't any way to determine which ideas are better than others.

F

T/F. The doctrine of swine objection criticizes utilitarianism for advocating some actions that are at least intuitively morally wrong.

F

T/F. The practical aim of a moral theory is to discuss the underlying features of actions that make them right or wrong, good or bad.

F

T/F. The theoretical aim of a moral theory is to provide a way to determine what one ought to do when faced with a moral dilemma.

False

T/F. If I say an action is merely permissible I'm stating that it is something that is neither obligatory nor wrong.

True

According to utilitarianism, we can determine what the right action is by calculating net utility. Net Utility is calculated by:

subtracting the amount of unhappiness likely to be produced by the action from the amount of happiness likely to be produced by the action.

T/F. An argument, according to philosophical use of the word, is NOT one's firmly stated opinion.

F

T/F. Applied ethics is the division of ethics that proposes theories for how we ought to act.

F

T/F. An argument, according to philosophical use of the word, can be defined as an emotional disagreement.

F

T/F In order to evaluate an argument, we need to first determine whether we agree or disagree with the conclusion.

F

T/F. According to act-utilitarianism, we should consider the net utility produced by the moral rules that we adopt.

F

T/F. According to consequentialism, an action is morally right if and only if the action is intrinsically good.

F

T/F. According to consequentialism, an action is morally right if and only if the action is morally required by one's culture.

F

T/F. According to rule-utiltarinism, we should consider the amount of net utility produced by each individual action.

F

Imagine this following scenario: Ariana asks Serena whether or not the outfit that she has tried on is flattering. Serena does not want to hurt Ariana's feelings by telling her that it doesn't look very good on her, but Serena thinks that it looks quite bad. In fact it's the worst thing that Ariana has tried on that day-even though it is clear that it is Ariana's favorite. What should Serena do, according to act-utiltarianism?

Serena should lie. Telling the truth would make Ariana unhappy, and there wouldn't be any negative consequences if Serena lied to Ariana.

Imagine the following scenario: Ariana asks Serena whether or not the outfit that she has tried on is flattering. Serena does not want to hurt Ariana's feelings by telling her that it doesn't look very good on her, but Serena thinks that it looks quite bad. In fact it's the worst thing that Ariana has tried on that day-even though it is clear that it is Ariana's favorite. What should Serena do, according to rule-utiltarianism?

Serena should tell the truth. Lying violates a moral rule, and following that rule results in more overall happiness.

T/F. According to act-utilitarianism, we should consider the amount of net utility produced by each individual action.

T

T/F. According to consequentialism, an action is morally right if and only if the action produces the best consequences.

T

T/F. According to rule-utiltarianism, we should consider the net utility produced by the moral rules that we adopt.

T

T/F. Euthanasia is a topic discussed in applied ethics.

T

T/F. In order to evaluate an argument, we need to consider two things: the arguments structure, and the truth of premises.

T

T/F. One objection to utilitarianism is that its moral demands are too severe.

T

T/F. One of the three important features of a utilitarian theory of value, according to our text, is that everyone counts equally. No one's pleasure or pain is more important than anyone else's.

T

T/F. One of the three important features of a utilitarian theory of value, according to our text, is that something can only be good or bad in virtue of its effects on the lives of individuals.

T

T/F. One of three important features of a utilitarian theory of value, according to our text, is that the good is additive.

T

T/F. The doctrine of the swine objection criticizes utilitarianism for considering sensual pleasure to be just as valuable as intellectual pleasure.

T

T/F. The method philosophy involves presenting arguments and evaluating those arguments accord to the standards of logic.

T

T/F. The practical aim of a moral theory is to provide a way to determine what one ought to do when faced with a moral dilemma.

T

T/F. The theoretical aim of a moral theory is to discuss the underlying features of actions that make them right or wrong, good or bad.

T

T/F. To determine if an action is illegal, we should research the current laws in our state and/or country that are relevant to that action.

T

T/F. Utilitarianism is a consequentialist theory.

T

Consider the following case: Imagine there s a surgeon who has five patients who are in need of a transplant in order to survive. The patients will die very soon if they do not receive a transplant. Then, the surgeon sees a healthy man enter the hospital-this man has the exact same blood type as the five patients. If the surgeon were to kill the healthy man and take his organs, he would be able to save the five patients. Which of the following responses do you think best represents the view of act-utilitarian?

The surgeon should kill the healthy man, as doing so would allow the surgeon to save five other patients.

Consider the following case: Imagine there s a surgeon who has five patients who are in need of a transplant in order to survive. The patients will die very soon if they do not receive a transplant. Then, the surgeon sees a healthy man enter the hospital-this man has the exact same blood type as the five patients. If the surgeon were to kill the healthy man and take his organs, he would be able to save the five patients. Which of the following responses do you think best represents the view of rule-utilitarian?

The surgeon should treat the healthy man for the ailment that he came in for, as the moral rule the doctor must avoid harming their patients results in more overall happiness than the alternative.

"Some professors ar Broward College are only 5'3" " is an example of: a. descriptive claim b. normative claim

a. descriptive claim

The 3 fundamental categories we can divide actions into when discussing whether they are right or wrong are: a. obligatory actions, wrong actions, and optional actions. b. morally forbidden actions, morally required actions, and right actions. c. morally permissible actions, morally impermissible actions, and wrong actions. d. evil actions, wrong actions, and neutral actions.

a. obligatory actions, wrong actions, and optional actions.

According to act-utilitarianism:

an act is right if and only if the action is the one that promotes the greatest amount of net happiness for the greatest amount of people.

According to rule-utiltarianism:

an action is morally permissible if and only if the rules with the greatest expected utility would allow it.

"Most democrats think that we ought to have universal health care" is an example of: a. normative claim b. descriptive claim

b. descriptive claim

"Republicans think that we ought to stand during the national anthem" is an example of? a. normative claim b. descriptive claim

b. descriptive claim

Another way to refer to actions that are MORALLY WRONG is by saying they are: a. morally required b. morally forbidden c. morally permissible d. merely permissible

b. morally forbidden

A thought experiment is a useful tool in philosophy that is used to: test our intuitions and discover what basic principles we are committed to.

b. test our intuitions and discover what basic principles we are

An example of an action that is immoral, but not illegal is: a. drinking your soup directly from the bowl b. driving on the left side of the road c. breaking your promise to help your best friend move d. killing an innocent person who is not a threat to you.

c. breaking your promise to help your best friend move

Select the branch of philosophy that studies how we should live and what we ought to do. a. metaethics b. epistemology c. ethics

c. ethics

The following would be a question covered by Metaethics: a. can moral statements be true or false? b. what makes an action right or wrong? c. is abortion morally permissible? d. all of the above

d. all of the above

A good argument must have the following features: a. The premises (reasons presented in support of the conclusion) are true. b. the conclusion follows logically from the premises. c. the argument is persuasive enough to change the opinion of an individual who holds the opposite view. d. both a and b

d. both a and b

When we are deliberating on what we ought to do based on the expected consequences of an action, we are:

thinking about which action is best out of our available alternatives by accounting for all of consequences that a reasonable and conscientious person in one's circumstances could be expected to know.

According to Consequentialism:

whether is an action is right or wrong is determined solely by the consequences of that action.