Final Exam Review - US History I
All of the following might have joined the Free-Soil party EXCEPT: supporters of the Wilmot Proviso admirers of Martin Van Buren "Cotton" Whigs Liberty Party members "Conscience" Whigs
"Cotton" Whigs
George B. McClellan
1864 democratic candidate
Among the vocal opponents of the Mexican War was: Thomas O. Larkin John Slidell Abraham Lincoln John Tyler John L. O'Sullivan
Abraham Lincoln
Why did anti-draft rioters in New York City target African Americans for their violence? African Americans generally refused to enlist. African Americans had been exempted from the draft. African Americans often sympathized with the Confederacy. African Americans were given the best military positions. African Americans were blamed for causing the war and taking jobs from white workers.
African Americans were blamed for causing the war and taking jobs from white workers.
The idea of manifest destiny claimed that: joint British-American occupation of North America would "civilize" the continent immediate war against the British would revitalize the American state American expansion westward across the continent was sanctioned by God slavery was the result of divine intervention men were destined to travel the high seas
American expansion westward across the continent was sanctioned by God
What effect did Mexico's winning its independence from Spain on American settlement in the Southwest? The establishment of the new Mexican state made settlement in its territories more difficult. Patterns of American settlement of the former Spanish, now Mexican, territories, remained unchanged. American settlers were immediately and forcibly removed from all Mexican territories. American settlement and expansion into the former Spanish territories increased after Mexico gained independence. Americans began to flee the former Spanish territories once Mexico gained independence.
American settlement and expansion into the former Spanish territories increased after Mexico gained independence.
By 1860, the significance of Britain to the southern economy was based on the fact that: Britain provided most of the slaves to the south Britain was the major consumer of southern tobacco British consumers sparked the growth of the thriving southern indigo trade Britain had pledged itself to protect the institution of slavery Britain was a major importer of southern cotton
Britain was a major importer of southern cotton
The Republican party reflected a combination of all of the following groups EXCEPT: Northern Whigs Independent Democrats Free-Soilers Cotton Whigs anti-slavery advocates
Cotton Whigs
A Treatise on Domestic Economy argued that men and women should share equally in completing the work of the household's domestic sphere. True False
False
A major change in attitudes toward prisons during the 1830s was the idea that prisoners could not be rehabilitated. True False
False
As late at 1860, three fourths of the American people lived within twenty-five miles of the Atlantic Ocean. True False
False
Because they too had suffered discrimination, Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic of blacks. True False
False
By the 1850s, trains traveled an average of forty miles an hour. True False
False
Jacksonian democracy involved the extension of voting rights to blacks, Indians and women. True False
False
Most Whigs were states' rights advocates. True False
False
President Jackson's response to the nullification crisis was to ask Congress to raise the tariff. True False
False
The greatest proportionate influx of immigrants in the history of the United States came in the 1820s. True False
False
The women's rights movement secured the vote for women in several states before 1860. True False
False
Given the bitterness of the Congressional debate, why was Stephen Douglas successful in getting the Compromise of 1850 passed? He dropped the question of the slave trade in the District of Columbia. He could depend on a sympathy vote for supporters of deceased President Taylor His support for popular sovereignty allowed many abolitionist senators to vote with him. He split the issues into separate bills. He was in better health and was more charismatic than Clay.
He split the issues into separate bills.
Why was Whig leader Daniel Webster opposed to the Mexican War? He was a pacifist. He preferred to go to war with Britain over Oregon. He was known for his adamant support of pro-Mexican policies. He believed Texas could be acquired without a war. He was convinced that the war was part of a Democratic scheme to add more slave states to the union.
He was convinced that the war was part of a Democratic scheme to add more slave states to the union.
During the great congressional debate over the Compromise of 1850: John C. Calhoun endorsed all of Henry Clay's proposals President Taylor promised to veto any new legislation Henry Clay pushed for the compromise and national harmony Jefferson Davis emerged as a voice of moderation Daniel Webster made an impassioned argument for secession
Henry Clay pushed for the compromise and national harmony
Which of the following statements about the Mexican War is NOT true? It was America's first successful offensive. It gave many future Civil War generals valuable experience. Many more Americans died of disease than died in battle. The fighting lasted less than two years. In terms of percentage of combatants killed, it had the lowest death rate of any war in American history.
In terms of percentage of combatants killed, it had the lowest death rate of any war in American history.
Why did Kansas' Lecompton Constitution become so controversial? It banned slavery even though an overwhelming majority of residents supported it. It banned slavery but provided an exception to existing resident slave owners. It allowed slavery even though a majority of residents opposed it. It allowed each county in Kansas to vote on the legality of slavery. It advocated for Kansas independence rather than statehood.
It allowed slavery even though a majority of residents opposed it.
Why did the new Fugitive Slave Act outrage abolitionists? It offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern "free" states. It required the licensing of slave catchers. It guaranteed fugitive slaves a jury trial. It allowed northern states to become slave states. It reintroduced the legal international slave trade.
It offered a strong temptation to kidnap free blacks in northern "free" states.
What effect did the Union naval blockade of southern ports have on the Confederacy? Not much, since commerce continued mostly unmolested. It quickly choked off southern commercial activity. It inspired dramatic southern economic growth since the South was forced to become self-sufficient. Food prices declined as the economy slowed. It prompted Britain to offer diplomatic recognition to the Confederacy.
It quickly choked off southern commercial activity.
The Confederates were inspired to bombard Fort Sumter as a result of: Lincoln's inaugural speech Lincoln's decision to resupply it Lincoln's invasion of Virginia Jefferson Davis' aggressive mentality the threat it posed to the people of Charleston
Lincoln's decision to resupply it
All of the following are true about the Battle of Antietam EXCEPT: the Confederates were outnumbered more than two to one it was the bloodiest single day of the war McClellan vigorously pursued the retreating Lee Lee hoped a victory would gain the Confederacy foreign recognition it helped inspire Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation
McClellan vigorously pursued the retreating Lee
The Mexican War erupted when: Mexican and U.S troops clashed north of the Rio Grande American settlers started a revolt in California the United States recognized Texas as independent Mexico insulted the U.S. ambassador and ordered him to leave the country. Polk won the 1844 election
Mexican and U.S troops clashed north of the Rio Grande
Who coined the term "manifest destiny"? President Martin Van Buren Texas leader Stephen F. Austin Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan Mexican leader Santa Anna Swiss immigrant John A. Sutter
Newspaper editor John O'Sullivan
Andrew Jackson
Offered a toast at Jefferson day dinner "our union, it must be preserved!"
What was the main reason the Mexican government attempted to curtail American settlement of Texas? Racism against Americans. Opposition to slavery the settlers brought to Texas. A preference for Indian settlement. The Spanish forced them to exclude the Americans. The British claimed the territory.
Opposition to slavery the settlers brought to Texas.
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act impact the settlement of Kansas? Vagaries left about the status of slavery discouraged settlement. Popular sovereignty encouraged violence-prone supporters and opponents of slavery to flood Kansas. It ensured that Kansas would be admitted into the Union as a free state with a population deeply committed to abolition. It made Kansas a slave state with a majority population of Kansas This is a trick question. The act had no impact on the settlement of Kansas.
Popular sovereignty encouraged violence-prone supporters and opponents of slavery to flood Kansas.
Why did the Spanish struggle to colonize America and Texas? The Spanish had no interest in those territories. The Indians of those territories thwarted Spanish efforts to establish Catholic missions. Anglo-Americans had dominated the territory since the early eighteenth century. The Pope did not recognize those territories as areas of Spanish influence. France had already colonize those territories.
The Indians of those territories thwarted Spanish efforts to establish Catholic missions.
Which of the following statements is true about the number of newspapers in the United States by 1850? The number of newspapers lagged significantly behind Britain. The United States had more newspapers than any other nation in the world. The United States had the least number of newspapers of any country in the industrialized world. The "Old South" was the driving force behind newspaper expansion, with North Carolina alone having four times as many newspapers as all of New England. The year 1850 saw the founding of the first independent American newspaper.
The United States had more newspapers than any other nation in the world.
Why did so many northerners, including the so-called Independent Democrats, oppose the Kansas-Nebraska Act? They opposed the admission of both territories as states. The act repealed the Fugitive Slave Law. The act would bring about immediate abolition. The act repealed the Missouri Compromise. They opposed the law because it did not embrace "popular sovereignty."
The act repealed the Missouri Compromise.
How did the Mexican-American War ultimately deepen sectional divisions in the United States? All the territories acquired were immediately opened to slavery. Slavery was prohibited in all the territories acquired. Slaves who fought in the war began rebelling for their freedom in the South. The new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them. Southern states refused to recognize the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
The new territories acquired fueled a violent debate over the extension of slavery into them.
Why did the Whig party collapse? It no longer had sufficient numbers of people voting for it. It opposed slavery. The strain of the Kansas-Nebraska Act pushed northern and southern members toward joining different parties. The Republican party defeated the major Whig candidates in the 1852 election. Its economic policies were perceived as too socialist.
The strain of the Kansas-Nebraska Act pushed northern and southern members toward joining different parties.
Which of the following statements best describes the Civil War at the end of 1862? Union troops had a definite edge in the East. Union troops had a definite edge in the West. After the decisive victories at Fredericksburg and Antietam, Union officers anticipated a quick end to the war. The war in the East was a virtual deadlock. The recruitment of black troops had given the North a huge advantage.
The war in the East was a virtual deadlock.
After the fall of Fort Sumter, what common hope did partisans on both sides hold? The inevitable long war would be a contest of bravery. The fighting would bring new immigrants to the United States as workers. The war would last a long time, thus helping the United States get out of its economic depression. The war would quick, ending with one bold stroke, like the capture of the enemy's capitol. The war would provoke French or British intervention.
The war would quick, ending with one bold stroke, like the capture of the enemy's capitol.
Why were theories of racial superiority significant in the South? They created a sense of unity that bridged class divisions among most southern whites They were primarily adhered to by the planter elite that owned slaves. They played no role in encouraging white support of slavery They were created by slaves to justify their enslavement They fostered slave rebellions among slaves who believed in the inferiority of the planter class.
They created a sense of unity that bridged class divisions among most southern whites
Why were the oceans, rivers, and lush inland forests of the Pacific Northwest so significant to the Indian tribes living in that region? They provided abundant natural resources and a temperate climate. They provided easy escape routes and hiding places to avoid the path of American westward expansion. They provided the means for those Indians to start their own Industrial Revolution. They gave the Indians of the region ability to stop American westward expansion. They gave the Indians of the region a solid base from which to stage the reclamation of their territories annexed by the United States.
They provided abundant natural resources and a temperate climate.
Why did the Spanish establish missions in California? They were tools to turn Indians into hard-working Christians. They were vehicles that could preserve Indian language and culture. They were institutions where the Spanish studied Indian religions. They were outposts to help attract Indian emigration to Spain. They were churches that only the Spanish were allowed to use.
They were tools to turn Indians into hard-working Christians.
How did American literature develop during the half decade between 1850 and 1855? It stagnated with only a few notable authors producing major literary works. Due to the influence of the Second Great Awakening, American literature at this time only emphasized religious themes. It is the only period in American history that did not produce a single "great author". This era witnessed an outpouring of extraordinary literature by an array of authors who became giants of American literature. Censorship following the Mexican War resulted in a limited number of literary subjects deemed permissible to write about.
This era witnessed an outpouring of extraordinary literature by an array of authors who became giants of American literature.
Liliburn Lewis
Thomas jeffersons nephew who killed a rebellious slave in front of other slaves as a warning to them
Chinese immigrants to the United States often did the heavy work of construction True False
True
During Jackson's presidency, the national debt grew smaller until it was paid off entirely in 1835. True False
True
Most of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century can be attributed to immigration from Ireland. True False
True
The Cherokee Indians were forced westward on the route that came to be known as the Trail of Tears. True False
True
The Tariff of 1828 was also known as the "tariff of abominations." True False
True
All of the following resulted from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo EXCEPT: the United States gained California the United States paid Mexico $15 million U.S. troops continued to occupy Mexico Mexico gave up all claims to Texas the United States gained New Mexico
U.S. troops continued to occupy Mexico
Alexander Stephens
VP of the confederacy
Jackson viewed the Bank of the United States as: a valued source of credit for small farmers a "monster" that served the interests of a wealthy few necessary for issuing paper money that stabilized the economy justified by the "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution a source of national unity because it served the whole country
a "monster" that served the interests of a wealthy few
Which statement best describes the Transcendental Club that had its first meeting in the 1830s? a tightly knit group of pro-slavery advocates who insisted that slavery should transcend sectional divisions a loosely knit group of diverse, intellectually curious individuals who met to discuss philosophy, religion, and literature a radical group of religious scholars who believed in reincarnation and possession a conservative group of political leaders who promoted territorial expansion so that the U.S. would transcend its current boundaries a meeting hall outside of Boston where political leaders met to discuss how they might transcend their differences
a loosely knit group of diverse, intellectually curious individuals who met to discuss philosophy, religion, and literature
When Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, Texas was: an independent republic one of the American states French territory a commonwealth of the British empire a part of Mexcio
a part of mexico
The cult of domesticity was the idea that: women deserved education professions should be open to women romantic love was the basis of successful marriage large families were beneficial a woman's place is in the home
a woman's place is in the home
The Preemption Act of 1830: gradually raised the price of unsold public lands allowed squatters to stake out claims ahead of the land surveys limited the amount of cotton exported per year set guidelines for the construction of new roads gave veterans lands taken away from Indians
allowed squatters to take out claims ahead of the land surveys
For all their differences, the variety of reform movements that arose in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century had what in common? a commitment to abolitionism an absence of female membership and involvement a prohibition against black participation an impulse to "perfect" people and society the rejection of the idea that America had a divine mission
an impulse to "perfect" people and society
Calhoun's South Carolina Exposition and Protest: powerfully defended slavery argued that states could nullify federal legislation announced Calhoun's resignation as vice president protested Jackson's excessive use of power greater regional specialization in terms of production
argued that states could nullify federal legislation
The Old Southwest: included Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Utah attracted thousands of settlers in the 1820s and 1830s with its low land prices and suitability for cotton production attracted nearly twice as many female as male settlers in the early years soon boasted the nation's highest standards of public education was a promised land for slaves because of superior work conditions
attracted thousands of settlers in the 1820s and 1830s with its low land prices and suitability for cotton production
The Lincoln-Douglas debates: saw Douglas abandon popular sovereignty bolstered Lincoln's presidential prospects in 1860 clinched Lincoln's election to the U.S. Senate saw Lincoln state his belief in racial equality saw Lincoln endorse the Dred Scott ruling
bolstered Lincoln's presidential prospects in 1860
As the election of 1860 approached, the Democratic party: renominated Buchanan was silent on the issue of slavery condemned the Kansas-Nebraska Act was dominated by southern extremists broke up into northern and southern wings
broke up into northern and southern wings
Martin van Buren
called the little magician
Most of the American settlers in Texas went there because of: furs gold and other mineral deposits cheap cotton lands trading opportunities with the Indians and Mexicans legal problems in the United States
cheap cotton lands
Jehu Jones
colored proprietor of one of Charlestons best hotels
Robert Gould Shaw
commanded black massachusetts regiment
The major factor that delayed Texas annexation until 1845 was: concern over Texas entering as a slave state fear of a possible attack on the United States Calhoun's incompetence as secretary of state the desire of Texans to remain a republic Britain's support for Texas independence
concern over Texas entering as a slave state
All of the following encouraged migration to the West EXCEPT: cheaper prices for federal lands fertile soil advances in agricultural technology easy credit from state banks construction of numerous frontier forts
construction of numerous frontier forts
As southerners moved farther west and south between 1812 and 1860: cotton production soared the South became less agricultural the South became less agricultural fewer slaves were needed North-South relations got better
cotton production soared
President Jackson's attitude toward the Supreme Court's decision in Worcester v. Georgia was: elation sadness acquiescence defiance nonconcern
defiance
The Seneca Falls Convention: celebrated the cult of domesticity demanded equal rights for women showed the mass appeal of temperance reflected female dominance of the abolitionist movement brought immediate improvements in women's lives
demanded equal rights for women
William Lloyd Garrison: demanded immediate emancipation of slaves organized an anti-slavery political party used calm, moderate language to oppose slavery caused the Nat Turner revolt believed slaveholders should be paid to free their slaves
demanded immediate emancipation of slaves
The Republic of Texas: at first shied away from annexation by the United States drafted a constitution emancipating its slaves was recognized by President Andrew Jackson early in his administration developed trade relations with Britain and France was on the verge of becoming a world power
developed trade relations with Britain and France
Jefferson's embargo in 1807 and the War of 1812: almost destroyed American manufacturing had little effect on the growth of textile manufacturing in America encouraged rapid growth in American manufacturing restricted exports and thereby hurt the growth of American manufacturing encouraged Americans to live more simply because consumer goods were scarce
encouraged rapid growth in American Manufacturing
By 1840, __________________ accounted for 40 percent of the population in the Old Southwest: children women livestock enslaved blacks Mexicans
enslaved blacks
The rapid expansion of the cotton belt in the South: reduced the significance of slavery spurred a rise in the number of enslaved blacks given their freedom ensured that the region became more dependent on enslaved black workers increased the responsibilities of field work for the plantation mistress eliminated the presence of all other staple crops throughout the region
ensured that the region became more dependent on enslaved black workers
Agricultural diversity in the Old South was practically nonexistent. True False
false
Due to its superior resources, the North's victory in the Civil War was guaranteed. True False
false
During his senatorial run against Douglas, Lincoln stated his belief in racial equality. True False
false
Mexico initially banned all American settlement in Texas. True False
false
Mexico's winning of independence from Spain slowed American expansion westward. True False
false
The Old South was a socially, culturally, and economically unified region of the United States. True False
false
The Republican platform in 1860 promised to end slavery in the southern states. True False
false
Which of the following was not a part of the "masculine" culture of the Old Southwest's frontier? violence gender equality alcohol use gambling sexual promiscuity
gender equality
In terms of political behavior, the Irish: seldom voted generally supported Democrats idolized John Quincy Adams started a new party of immigrants were easily manipulated into voting against their interests
generally supported democrats
Small farmers in the South: usually owned slaves generally supported white supremacy lived on the verge of starvation were the lower class of the region were outnumbered by the planters
generally supported white supremacy
Ironically, the Jacksonian era was characterized by: an increase in tolerance for racial diversity the end of the western frontier a standard of living that fell beneath Europe's growing economic and social inequality an almost total absence of social mobility
growing economic and social inequality
At the beginning of the Civil War, the North: generated less far production than the South had about the same extent of railroad development as the South produced almost 60 percent of the nation's manufactures had an edge of about four to one in potential manpower had fewer ships and firearms than the South
had an edge of about four to one in potential manpower
All of the following about John Brown are true EXCEPT: he led the "sack of Lawrence" in Kansas he and his followers were responsible for the Pottawatomie Massacre had a history of mental instability his son was killed during one of the raids he led he was fanatically committed to fight to protect the institution of slavery
he was fanatically committed to fight to protect the institution of slavery
The irony of Jackson's political philosophy is that: the special privileges he urged for business led to wide-scale abuse his opposition to an independent Treasury was based on his belief in centralizing the functions of government his laissez-faire rationale for republican simplicity became the justification for the unregulated growth of centers of economic power his concern for the common man came at a time of extremely low voter participation despite his elite status, his policies inspired many Americans to become socialists
his laissez-faire rationale for republican simplicity became the justification for the unregulated growth of centers of economic power
The Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision: gave Dred Scott his freedom was applauded by the Republicans implied that the Missouri Compromise had been unconstitutional guaranteed the future admission of slave states recognized that free blacks were U.S. citizens
implied that the Missouri Compromise had been unconstitutional
Jackson declared his opposition to nullification: in a series of newspaper articles during a dramatic speech to Congress in a meeting with his cabinet only in private conversations in his toast at a Jefferson Day dinner
in his toast at a Jefferson Day dinner
Deists: believed in an all-powerful God argued for the literal truth of the Bible included Founding Fathers such as Jefferson and Franklin were basically atheists felt the United States should have an official religion
included founding fathers such as Jefferson and Franklin
Before slavery became institutionalized in the South, enslaved workers were initially treated like: members of the family indentured servants neighbors animals petty criminals
indentured servants
The Free-Soil party stance on slavery; was endorsed by John C. Calhoun attracted Abraham Lincoln into their ranks led to the political downfall of Henry Clay infuriated John C. Calhoun opposed the Wilmot Proviso
infuriated John C. Calhoun
Dorothea Lynde Dix directed her reform efforts at: insane asylums public education women's rights slavery temperance
insane asylums
Elias Howe
invented the sewing machine
The South had a chance to win the Civil War despite substantial northern advantages because: it immediately attacked Washington, D.C. it mobilized women to fight in the conflict it was equal to the North in manpower if you count the slaves the north needed southern markets to maintain its economic advantage it had the advantage of fighting a defensive war
it had the advantage of fighting a defensive war
The argument that the Civil War began primarily as a southern fight to defend liberty and the right of self-government is unsatisfactory because: the Union already claimed to be fighting to defend liberty and self-government southerners never claimed to be concerned with liberty and self-government the South established a monarchy after secession the Confederacy envisioned a dictatorship as the ideal government it ignores the fact that southern leaders in 1860-1861 used slavery to justify secession and war
it ignores the fact that southern leaders in 1860-1861 used slavery to justify secession and war
Regarding the penitentiary established at Auburn, New York, in 1816, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT: discipline was severe prisoners were not allowed to talk to one another it was an institution that primarily emphasized punishment its system and methods were widely copied across the nation prisoners performed labor and produced goods that could be sold for a profit
it was an institution that primarily emphasized punishment
All of the following were strategies used to build the armies of the Civil War EXCEPT: calling for volunteers implementing a draft calling on former military personnel to reenlist using currently enlisted military personnel
kidnapping recent immigrants
All of the following are true about Sojourner Truth EXCEPT that she: had been born a slave spoke for women's rights and abolition changed her name (from Isabelle) after a mystical conversation with God killed her master to escape from slavery was born in New York in the late 1790s
killed her master to escape from slavery
Life in the Old Southwest was characterized by: lack of women pleasant working conditions prohibition of alcohol pacifism opposition to slavery
lack of women
The development of southern industry: lagged behind the North was more significant than agriculture to the southern economy was the only sector of the southern economy that did NOT rely on slaves turned the North into a colonial dependency of the more developed South was non-existent before the Civil War
lagged behind the North
Charles Deslondes
led the largest slave revolt in american history, just north of New Orleans
The Know-Nothings campaigned primarily to: cut taxes establish public schools promote Christianity prohibit drinking limit immigrant influence
limit immigrant influence
Andrew Johnson
lincolns second vice president
Tariffs passed by Congress in 1830 and 1832: lowered duties on some items were vetoed by Jackson ended talk of nullilfication were intended strictly to raise revenue were ruled constitutional by the Supreme Court
lowered duties on some items
The cotton gin's invention: meant that fewer slaves were needed made cotton a major export item spurred immigration to the South caused slavery to spread to Ohio and Illinois increased imports from Britain
made cotton a major export item
The cotton gin: made possible efficient separation of seeds from fiber was an engine that manufactured cloth made the South the wealthiest part of the country had no significant effect on the North's economy resulted from a government bounty paid to its inventor
made possible efficient separation of seeds from fiber
Lincoln responded to the fall of Fort Sumter in all of the following ways EXCEPT: calling for loyal states to provide volunteers ordering a naval blockade of southern ports ordering federal ships close the Mississippi River to navigation making one last offer to the South to avoid war in exchange for protecting slavery in perpetuity ordering naval squadrons to cordon off southern ports along the Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico
making one last offer to the South to avoid war in exchange for protecting slavery in perpetuity
Stephen Douglas's proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act: might allow slavery in Kansas and Nebraska strengthened the Missouri Compromise showed his enthusiastic support of slavery strengthened his presidential prospects would promote construction of a transcontinental rail line along a southern route
might allow slavery in Kansas and Nebraska
Slave religion: mixed African and Christian elements caused slaves to accept their condition required reading of the Bible was stamped out by white masters was best observed during racially integrated church services
mixed African and Christian elements
All of the following were advantages the North held over the South EXCEPT: more experienced military leaders a larger population industrial development transportation resources naval strength
more experienced military leaders
The various Workingmen's parties failed for all of the following reasons: major parties took over their issues labor politicians were inexperienced they were vulnerable to charges of radicalism most workers had no serious problems courts were often pro-management
most workers had no serious problems
In regards to banks and banking policy, Jackson, like other southerners: wanted to abolish all banks supported banks if strictly regulated by the government much preferred hard money to paper currency gave banks credit for the economy's expansion believed banks had made credit too available
much preferred hard money to paper currency
All of the following statements about southern free blacks are true EXCEPT: most were very poor some were slave owners themselves no women were among them some owned and operated businesses that served a white clientele they were still subject to racist legal restrictions not imposed upon whites
no women were among them
Abraham Lincoln: opposed the further spread of slavery supported black equality would abolish slavery wherever it existed was a military hero was born in 1810
opposed the further spread of slavery
Why did the Anglo Texans rebel against the Mexican government? To preempt Mexican plans to attack U.S. territories east of Texas to honor their alliance with the Comanche Indians out of fear that the Mexican government intended to free their slaves at the request of Spain, which was trying to regain control of Mexico they opposed taxation without representation
out of fear that the Mexican government intended to free their slaves
Charles Goodyear
patented a process for vulcanizing rubber
Mary Chesnut
plantation mistress who was a critic of the plantation system
Gabriel
plotted a slave revolt near richmond
Lyman Beecher
preached Anti-Catholic sermons
In response to South Carolina's tariff nullification, Jackson: said South Carolina was free to leave the union privately threatened to hang Calhoun backed down by telling Congress to repeal the tariff was unusually indecisive declared South Carolina in a state of rebellion
privately threatened to hang Calhoun
The Indian Removal Act of 1830: allowed Indians who wished to become American citizens to remain on their homeland became law after Congress overrode Jackson's veto proposed moving Indian tribes to areas west of the Mississippi contained loopholes designed to exclude peaceful Indians from removal showed Jackson's willingness to pursue policies that might hurt his popularity
proposed moving Indian tribes to areas west of the Mississippi
John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry was intended to: start a civil war unify the Republican party provoke slave insurrections prove John Brown was God's agent provoke a fight with the U.S. Army
provoke slave insurrections
Polk's order that Zachary Taylor move his troops to the Rio Grande: protected American settlers along the border provoked a Mexican attack persuaded Mexico to sell California expressed his belief in Manifest Destiny won him political support in the North
provoked a mexican attack
Unitarianism stressed: reason and conscience creeds and confessions belief in the Holy Trinity ritualistic practices belief in prophesy and miracles
reason and conscience
The rise of Romanticism indicated: recognition of the limits of science and reason a belief that Americans were too religious a desire for art and literature that was uniquely American a longing for love and passion in daily life a growing belief that man should dominate nature
recognition of the limits of science and reason
Prison reformers of the early 1800s saw a major objective of the penitentiary as: religious conversion rehabilitation corporal punishment providing prisoners an education patriotic indoctrination
rehabilitation
The impact of African culture on slave culture: remained evident in African American culture long after slavery ended disappeared after the first decade of slavery only persisted in music was prohibited by southern whites prevented slaves from becoming Christians
remained evident in African American culture long after slavery ended
John C Calhoun
resigned vice presidency 1832
In antebellum theaters, audiences: quietly watched performances were an equal mix of men and women preferred patriotic dramas to comedies were not capable of judging the quality of the acting responded vocally to the quality of performances
responded vocally to the quality of performances
Karl Marx
said without slavery you have no cotton
As president, James Polk's top priority was to: restore American prosperity through expanded trade relations with Canada secure geographic expansion of the U.S., especially through the acquisition of Texas, California, and New Mexico commit the U.S. to protecting Texas independence in perpetuity create a political consensus that saw the two major political parties merge into one encourage European immigration as a means to fuel American industrialization
secure geographic expansion of the U.S., especially through the acquisition of Texas, California, and New Mexico
The Germans who came to the United States: were overwhelmingly Catholic were poor and uneducated settled mainly in rural areas were highly individualistic for religious reasons, did not drink beer
settled mainly in rural areas
Martin Van Buren was known as the "Little Magician" due to his: miraculous election as president in 1836 skill as a professional politician ability to get the country out of a depression success in building the Whig coalition seeming ability to read the mind of Jackson
skill as a professional politician
By the 1820s, the fastest way to travel from New Orleans to Pittsburgh was by: steamboat stagecoach railroad flatboat horseback
steamboat
The Compromise of 1850: gave Texas more territory admitted Utah as a slave state postponed California statehood ended slavery in Washington, D.C. strengthened the fugitive slave laws
strengthened the fugitive slave laws
With the onset of the California gold rush in 1849, many Plains Indians, led by the Cheyenne: used this as an excuse to attack pioneers out West saw this as an opportunity to gain great wealth for their tribes passively gave up their claims out West supplied buffalo meat and skins to the white pioneers agreed to move onto reservations
supplied buffalo meat and skins to the white pioneers
What position did both the Democrats and Whigs support in the 1852 presidential election: a ban on the expansion of slavery into the territories support of the Compromise of 1850 women's suffrage repeal of the Fugitive Slave Act use of the popular vote rather than the Electoral College to determine the election's winner
support of the Compromise of 1850
During the 1844 campaign, Henry Clay changed his position on the annexation of Texas to one of: support so long as it proceeded honorably and without war adamant opposition to it indifference insisting the territory be returned to Mexico ignoring it
support so long as it proceeded honorably and without war
Joseph E. Johnston
surrendered near Durham NC
All of the following contributed to the panic of 1837 EXCEPT: withdrawal of European investments failure of the 1836 crop tariff of 1835, which had lowered duties to dangerous levels depression in Britan wave of failure of state banks
tariff of 1835, which had lowered duties to dangerous levels
A major reason the Democrat James Buchanan won the 1856 election was that: the Republicans were mired in political scandal the Democrats were the only remaining national party the northern Whigs threw their support to the Democrats slavery and sectional divisions were not an issue in the election the Republicans did not have a candidate to run against him
the Democrats were the only remaining national party
Because of the dominance of agriculture, the South was becoming increasingly dependent upon: Spain Canada Russia the North the China trade
the North
The focus on cotton and other cash crops has obscured the degree to which: the antebellum South fed itself from its own fields the South became totally dependent on the West for its food the South relied on Britain for its manufactured goods the North had to use imported cotton from overseas for its textile manufacturers most white southerners lived and worked in cities
the antebellum South fed itself from its own fields
Slaves forced to migrate to the Old Southwest were particularly despondent over: the lack of meaningful work that awaited them the control that women exerted over the region's culture and society the absence of alcohol on the frontier the urban and industrial nature of the region the breakup of family ties that resulted from the migration
the breakup of family ties that resulted from the migration
Passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was a victory for: abolitionists immigrant groups in America the concept of popular sovereignty southerners who wanted a transcontinental railroad to run west from New Orleans the preservation of the Union
the concept of popular sovereignty
The Trail of Tears resulted in: a sad, but uneventful transfer of Indians to Oklahoma the death of thousands of Indians Jackson's change of heart about Indian removal the complete eradication of the Creeks and Seminoles Jackson's diminished popularity in the South and West
the death of thousands of indians
The Peggy Eaton affair revealed: Jackson's insensitivity toward women Jackson's tendency to favor Calhoun over Van Buren the destructive gossip of the Washington social scene Jackson's willingness to take the political advice of women the increasing equality of women
the destructive gossip of the Washington social scene
One undebatable fact about the Jacksonian era is: Jackson's sincere commitment to equality for all Americans the wisdom of Jackson's destruction of the "Monster" bank Jackson's place as one of the greatest presidents in American history the dramatic increase in voter participation by 1840 the degree that common men lessened the power of elites
the dramatic increase in voter participation by 1840
At the Battle of the Alamo: Texans secured their independence the Mexicans won a costly victory Santa Anna showed his strategic brilliance the defenders were bombarded into surrender William B. Travis and Jim Bowie were taken prisoner
the mexicans won a costly victory
The major reason the South did not industrialize was that: slaves could not do factory labor planters did not care about making money the profitability of plantation slavery reduced the motivation to industrialize it lacked natural resources its banking system was too limited
the profitability of plantation slavery reduced the motivation to industrialize
The states of the Confederate States of America seceded after Lincoln's election because: Lincoln promised to abolish slavery immediately after taking office Lincoln was pushing for an invasion of the South the southern secessionists were convinced that Lincoln would move against slavery despite his assurance otherwise the southern secessionists planned to invade the North and impose slavery on the entire Union the southern secessionists believed that Jefferson Davis had won the 1860 election but was denied the office through fraud
the southern secessionists were convinced that Lincoln would move against slavery despite his assurance otherwise
The Mexican War contributed to all of the following EXCEPT: the strengthening of the Union the United States' becoming a transcontinental nation combat experience for future Civil War generals the creation of the Department of the Interior Mexico's loss of more than a third of its national territory
the strengthening of the union
One striking aspect of the Lowell factories was: the happiness of their workers their employment of young single women the superior quality of their products their minimal impact on natural surroundings that they paid workers in stocks
their employment of young single women
All of the following were true of the trains in use by the 1850s EXCEPT: they were much faster than stagecoaches and steamboats they spurred iron production they reduced transportation costs they encouraged further expansion of farming they could only operate on flat terrain
they could only operate on flat terrain
Slaves living in the southern cities had a much different experience than those on farms because: they were able to interact with an extended interracial community they held political power they almost always received a formal education there were no female slaves in urban areas only free blacks could own slaves in the city
they were able to interact with an extended interracial community
In Worcester v. Georgia, the Marshall court: backed states' rights over federal authority forced Jackson to protect Cherokee land titles supported Georgia's control of all lands in its boundaries ordered the relocation of the Cherokees to the west took the side of the Cherokees
took the side of the cherokees
As a result of the Compromise of 1850, California entered the Union as a free state. True False
true
Economically, the South was dependent on northern industry and commerce. True False
true
Falling crop prices and soil exhaustion spurred many residents from the Carolinas and Virginia to migrate to the Old Southwest. True False
true
For many American women, the Civil War provided new opportunities that marked a significant change in their status. True False
true
General Grant's strategy was to relentlessly attack the Confederates, grind down their numbers, and reduce their will to fight. True False
true
In his first inaugural address, President Lincoln said, "I am loathe to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection." True False
true
In the mining frontier of the Far West, women often enjoyed greater opportunities than back East. True False
true
Opposition to the draft provoked a weeklong riot in New York City. True False
true
The Great Plains were virtually devoid of a human presence until the Spaniards introduced the horse and the gun. True False
true
The Republican party was created in 1854 by the merging of several anti-slavery groups. True False
true
The percentage of the native-born population in the South was high in comparison to other parts of the country. True False
true
There were more than 200 different Indian tribes west of the Mississippi River in 1840. True False
true
One of the reasons that the First Battle of Bull Run was such a sobering experience for both North and South was that both sides: fled the battlefield before the battle was decided mutinied against their leaders tried to surrender after the first exchange of fire realized they were not willing to fight a long war underestimated the other's strength and tenacity
underestimated the other's strength and tenacity
David Farragut
union admiral who captured mobile alabama
John C. Calhoun believed that the Wilmot Proviso: would help keep the Union together protected the interests of slaveholders violated property rights guaranteed in the Fifth Amendment blamed the South for the Mexican War would never pass Congress
violated property rights guaranteed in the Fifth Amendment
John Jacob Astor
was America's wealthiest man in 1840s
William Wirt
was a presidential candidate for the Anti-Masonic party
William Henry Harrison: was the last president elected from the Jacksonian Democratic party developed a close association with Henry Clay during his presidency led the fight to annex Texas was the first president to be assassinated was elected more on his military record than for taking a stand on the issues
was elected more on his military record than for taking a stand on the issues
Lincolns' first cabinet: was filled with Southerners to try to avoid a civil war had a majority of Democrats to end partisan bickering was renowned for its incompetence and corruption was filled with strong leaders of better-than-average ability, several of whom had been Lincoln's rivals for the presidency resigned at the outbreak of the Civil War
was filled with strong leaders of better-than-average ability, several of whom had been Lincoln's rivals for the presidency
The Mexican ban on American immigration to Texas: was ineffective halted the flood of immigrants to the area went into effect in 1820 was necessary because Americans in Texas already numbered almost half the Mexican population there caused the United States to break diplomatic relations with Mexico
was ineffective
Henry Clay
was jackson's opponent for president in 1832
The Know-Nothing party: was strongest in the 1850s was weakest in New England was based on prejudice against blacks opposed the spread of public education elected two presidents in its brief history
was strongest in the 1850s
John tyler
was the 1840 whig VP candidate
Nicholas Biddle
was the director of the bank of the United States
John Eaton
was the husband of the woman snubbed by the cabinet members
The societies of the Plains Indians encountered by American migrating westward: exhibited remarkable similarities to New England society knew no warfare until the coming of the white man were largely homogeneous and devoid of any substantive differences among them were highly dependent on horses and buffalo had already become deeply rooted in Christianity
were highly dependent on horses and buffalo
A large strike led by Massachusetts shoemakers in early 1860: caused unions to be outlawed won higher wages and union recognition shut down the North's whole economy resulted in widespread property destruction showed the continuing weakness of unions
won higher wages and union recognition
William Henry Harrison
won the presidency with his log cabin and cider campaign
The idea of popular sovereignty: solved the controversy over slavery's extension would allow people in the territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery guaranteed slavery would spread westward allowed Oregon to enter the Union as a slave states was adopted by the Whigs in the 1848 election
would allow people in the territories to decide whether or not to permit slavery
The Wilmot Proviso: would prohibit slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico. passed both houses of Congress was opposed in Congress by Abraham Lincoln would extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific was clearly unconstitutional
would prohibit slavery in any lands acquired from Mexico.
Stephen Foster
wrote Oh! Susanna
