Final Exam (Semester A) - World History

How were colonies generally seen at the end of the 1800s?

A country's reletive/level of power and a chance for a country to obtain economic power and military strength under the guise of humanitarian efforts.

What event first demonstrated that popular protest would play a role in the French Revolution?

Fall of Bastille.

What contributions did the ancient Romans make to the development of Western political thought?

Idea of a Republic, written legal codes, citizenship as an induvidual, not subject of a ruler, and the Rule of Law.

How were the ideas of Voltaire incorporated in the creation of the government of the United States?

Incorporated tolerance, freedom of religion and speech into the American Bill of Rights.

Why was India called the "Jewel in the Crown?"

India was Britain's most prized colony.

"...for the administration of justice...is the principle of order in political society." - Aristotle What is the meaning of the above quote?

Laws maintain the stability of the nation.

To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, what did businesses primarily invested in?

Machinery.

In what document was the principle of limitation of governmental power first stated?

Magna Carta.

In the nineteenth century, what did labor unions developed mostly in response to?

The low wages and working conditions.

What is the Industrial Revolution?

The shift, beginning in England during the 18th Century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine/the increase output of machine-made goods.

What was the Triangular Trade Network?

The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America

According to Plato, what was the ideal form of government?

A government by the wisest "philosopher-kings".

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A system of governing in which the ruler's power is limited by law.

What established the first government of the former British North American colonies?

Articles of Confederation.

How are the principles of the American Revolution and the French Revolution similar?

Both had principles that were inspired by Enlightenment ideas of equal rights and popular sovereignty.

What do the United States Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man have in common?

Both protect the rights of the people; documents stand for freedom and equality.

Natural Rights Philosophy: Emphasizes individual rights to life, liberty, and property What document best exemplifies the natural rights philosophy described above?

Declaration of Independence.

What system of government was established by the ancient Greeks?

Direct Democracy.

When members of the Third Estate took the Tennis Court Oath (1789) at the start of the French Revolution, what were they attempting to do?

Draft a new constitution.

Between 1815 and 1848, how did the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe suppress nationalism?

Ensuring a balance of power between nations.

What were the European motives for imperialism?

The economic competition between other European countries, the need for raw materials, new markets, nationalism, racism (social darwinism), and missionaries.

What is meant by the principle of "consent of the governed?"

The government must have consent of citizens (votes and elections).

How did Gandhi use non-violent non-cooperation?

Through civil disobidience (a non-violent, deliberate, and public refusal to obey an unjust law).

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

To declare that North and South America could no longer be colonized by Europeans.

From the Constitution of Japan We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land... What is the source for the ideas outlined in the Japanese Constitution?

United States Constitution.

How did English philosopher John Locke explain the importance of life, liberty, and property?

We are born with the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

How did Henry Ford make the automobile affordable for the average consumer?

The assembly line.

"He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire..." - Aristotle Which feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotle's views as given above?

Even the government should adhere to the law to prevent abuse of power (Rule of Law).

What concepts from classical Athens are central to Western political thought today?

Individual achievement, dignity, and self forth are of great importance; democracy, first to think of Separation of Powers (3 branches of government).

What historical trend was most responsible for the change in Birmingham's population shown above? (pop. rise 1801 => 1851)

Industrial Growth.

"The streets were hot and dusty on the summer day. Stokers emerged from low underground doorways in factory yards, and sat on steps, and posts, and palings, wiping their swarthy visages, and contemplating coals. The whole town seemed to be frying in oil. There was a stifling smell of hot oil everywhere. The steam engines shone with it, the mills throughout their many stories oozed and trickled it." -Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854 What historical era is most likely referred to in this quotation?

Industrial Revolution.

In the late nineteenth century, why did the British commonly referred to the Suez Canal in Egypt as the "Lifeline of the Empire"?

It allowed Britain quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa.

In the mid-1700s, how did trade contribute to the early growth of an industrial economy in Great Britain?

It gave British entrepreneurs the capital needed to open new factories.

What is the significance of Louis Pasteur's research into germ theory in the nineteenth century?

It lead to the discovery of germs, development of better sanitation, and how to combat them.

What were the long term effects of Marx and Engels' book The Communist Manifesto?

It sparked uprisings and revolutions worldwide, from Asia to Cuba.

"...all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which when they enter in to a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety." Which philosopher's ideas were the bases for this quotation from the Virginia Declaration of Rights?

John Locke.

How do Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from the Greco-Roman tradition?

Judeo-Christian: monotheistic, private morality, the virtues of interfaith and obedience to God's laws; Greek and Romans: polytheistic, public morality important for acting in the community;

What is the meaning of laissez-faire?

Let the people do as they please, therefore the government should let owners industrialize without interfering.

The American Civil War decreased Europe's supply of cotton from the American South. What did Europeans do to maintain the flow of this natural resource of their textile industries?

Look for new sources of cotton for textiles (India and Egypt).

What were the factors that enabled Napoleon to seize control of France?

Old regime, social class system led to discontent, Enlightenment ideas, economic problems, and weak leadership.

How did Admiral Nelson defeat a combined French-Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar?

Outmaneuvered the larger French-Spanish fleet, separated Napoleon's line of battle.

How did the agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contribute to England's later industrial development?

Producing more food with fewer workers.

What type of government was developed by the ancient Romans?

Republic (Indirect Democracy).

What late eighteenth century European artistic movement arose as a reaction against Classicism's emphasis on reason?

Romanticism.

How did Montesquieu influence the Constitution of the United States?

Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances (Spirit of the Laws).

When a country's constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, what constitutional principle is it adhering to?

Separation of Powers.

Which leader was inspired by the ideas of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South America from Spain?

Simón Bolívar.

What are the differences between the French Revolution and the American Revolution?

The American Revolution was a colonial revolution against a mother country (Great Britain) and the French revolution was in France against their king + unlike the French, America produced a lasting constitution.

Economically, what enabled Japan to become a colonial power after 1894?

The Sino-Japanese war; agricultural advances increased the population and forced Japan to look for new land.

Why did America declare the Open Door Policy?

The U.S. declared the "Open Door" policy so it could protect the American trading rights.