Final Exam Study Guide - CED 320
A person without a pre-existing mental illness may develop a mental health problem due to long-term or intense episodic substance abuse.
True
At low doses some drugs can enhance sexual arousal.
True
Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.
false
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s.
false
A person's reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that person's drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.
true
Research conducted in China found that that approximately what percentage of Chinese teens has been identified as compulsive Internet users?
14%
The most practical and widely used alcohol and other drug abuse assessment questionnaire for diagnosis and treatment planning is the...
American Society of Addiction Medicine Patient Placement Criteria (ASAM-PPC)
The reward/control pathway is located in the prefrontal cortex of the "new brain."
False
Which of the following are common errors that new and inexperienced addiction counselors make in group treatment, according to the textbook? #1. unrealistic and preconceived notions of how the group will progress #2. an inability to recognize the stages of therapy and stages of change #3. failure to drop the professionalism "mask" #4. failure to plan and establish ground rules and not adequately integrating new members into the group
INCORRECT errors 1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are principles of effective treatment? #1. Effective treatment must focus solely on the client's drug use. #2. Treatment needs to be readily available. #3. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. #4. An individual's treatment and services plan must be continually assessed and modified when necessary.
INCORRECT principles 1, 2, 3, and 4
Drug use can aggravate, mask, or amplify an underlying risk of mental health problems.
True
Evidence-based treatment is supported by research and data that demonstrate that it has high potential for positive treatment outcomes.
True
One reason why pressurized inhalants are dangerous is because they can freeze lung tissue.
True
Schizophrenia is classified as a thought disorder.
True
The goal of evidence-based efforts treatment is to ensure that treatment providers consistently use strategies with the best potential for positive outcomes.
True
The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends up becoming harmful is called an impulse-control disorder.
True
Which of the following is a personality disorder?
borderline
Binge drinking causes the most problems and is defined as...
both A and B (a. five or more drinks for men at one sitting b. four or more for women at one sitting)
Acetylcholine is the most crucial neurotransmitter involved in drug use and abuse.
false
Which types of psychedelics exert most of their effects through serotonin receptors?
indole
Which of the following contributed to the increase in tobacco smoking prior to 2000?#1. mass production, leading to lower prices#2. aggressive marketing strategies#3. nicotine, as the addictive compound in tobacco#4. the fact that one pinch of chewing tobacco delivers more nicotine than one cigarette
options 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following are factual statements about drug policy? #1. In 1909 the Opium Exclusion Act was enacted to reduce worldwide opium production and opium smoking. #2. The Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 enabled the federal government to monitor and control the sale of opium. #3. The Opium Exclusion Act and the Harrison Narcotic Act eliminated the illicit-drug trade. #4. The Opium Exclusion Act and the Harrison Narcotic Act led to the development of a huge illicit-drug trade.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true regarding retrograde amnesia? #1. It is associated with the use of rohypnol. #2. It is associated with the use of GHB. #3. It is associated with the use of cocaine. #4. It refers to memory loss of events that occurred shortly before taking certain drugs.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true about the harm reduction approach? #1. Harm reduction does not acknowledge the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #2. Harm reduction acknowledges the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #3. The provision of free and clean needles to IV drug users reduces harm. #4. Using a designated driver is a form of harm reduction.
statements 2, 3, and 4 only
The sensation of a big win for a gambler is the equivalent of
the first intense rush from cocaine
According to researchers, a person who smokes cigarettes is 22 times more likely to use cocaine than a nonsmoker.
true
Currently, heroin and cocaine are fueling much of the global unrest.
true
Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.
true
Stimulant drugs including cocaine and methamphetamine force the release of dopamine. This surge of dopamine causes paranoia and hyper-reactivity.
true
The American Revolution was supported by exportation and taxation of tobacco, hemp, rum, and whiskey.
true
The high occurrence of ADHD among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse disorders is in part attributed to their use of drugs to self-medicate ADHD symptoms.
true
The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved.
true
Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers?
25%
Marijuana in the urine of a regular user is detectable for
3 to 6 weeks
How long will the high from a typical oral or snorted dose of amphetamine generally last?
4 to 6 hours
For a man who weighs 175 pounds and has consumed three standard alcoholic drinks in one hour, how long will it take to reach a blood alcohol concentration close to 0.0?
5 hours
More than ______ percent of female addicts suffered sexual abuse or physical abuse as a child or an adult.
75%
Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use?
Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.
Which of the following best describes chronic, high-dose marijuana use?
It can cause true addiction with both physical and emotional dependence.
Which of the following is true about the purity of heroin?
It varies from 0% to 99%.
Which of the following statements is true concerning the U.S. prison population?
Nearly 50% of the inmates in federal prisons were sentenced for drug offenses.
Assessment is the first step in addiction treatment.
True
The legality of alcohol and tobacco, coupled with pervasive advertising of these substances, reduces the effectiveness and limits the credibility of many prevention programs.
True
The effects of inhalants most often resemble those of
alcohol | drowsiness
Misperceiving a rope as a threatening snake is an example of
an illusion (mistaken perceptions of real stimuli)
Which of the following techniques is not an aspect of motivational interviewing?
confronting clients in an effort to help them get beyond their denial
High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.
decreasing | decreased
Which of the following represent valid clinical diagnoses that can be associated with cannabis use? #1. cannabis-induced anxiety disorder #2. amotivational syndrome #3. cannabis-induced psychotic disorder #4. cannabis intoxication delirium
diagnoses 1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?
diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda
Which of the following would speed up the absorption rate of alcohol?
drinking on an empty stomach
Which of the following best describes desensitization (cue extinction) in relapse prevention?
exposing the addict to drug-using situations and other triggers to induce a craving and then desensitizing them through education, biofeedback, or talk-down
Which of the following factors have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C? #1. sharing of contaminated needles #2. drug-induced high-risk sexual practices #3. poor hygiene among restaurant workers #4. consistent and regular use of condoms during sex
factors 1 and 2 only
Which disorder is similar to compulsive shopping?
hoarding
Which of the following drugs is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose?
naloxone
Cocaine epidemics
occur in cycles every few generations
In which of the following ways can medications (drugs) be appropriately used to support people in treatment and recovery? #1. for detoxification #2. to control withdrawal symptoms #3. to reduce cravings #4. to promote long-term abstinence
reasons 1, 2, 3, and 4
Substance dependence is characterized by which of the following? #1. development of tolerance #2. significant amounts of time and energy spent pursuing, using, and recovering from use #3. continued use despite consequences #4. significant financial losses
results 1, 2, and 3 only
When does a compulsive shopper experience the highest level of excitement?
right before deciding to purchase an item
Which level(s) of prevention is/are most likely to include intervention?
secondary and tertiary prevention
Drugs that stimulate which neurotransmitter have the potential to treat sexual addiction?
serotonin
Which of the follow statements about eating disorders and substance abuse are true? #1. The prevalence of eating disorders is higher among people with substance abuse problems than they are among the general population .#2. The prevalence of substance abuse is higher among people with an eating disorder than it is among the general population. #3. Both problems use the same abstinence-based approach to recovery. #4. Both problems are completely unrelated.
statements 1 and 2 only
Which of the following statements are true regarding technology, gaming, and gambling? #1. Rapid-play poker machines have increased the number of problem and pathological gamblers. #2. Online gambling has resulted in an increased number of problem and pathological gamblers. #3. There is no evidence that technology has led to an increase in the number of people with gambling or gaming addictions. #4. Electronic media is a breeding ground for new addictions, such as Internet, video games, texting, and multiplayer games.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Which of the following are factual statements about the Opium Wars?#1. Britain wanted to force the sale and the trade of opium to China so that it could acquire silver to buy tea from China. #2. Britain and other European countries fought the Opium Wars to prevent China from trafficking opium to the West. #3. China banned the use and the import of opium in the early 1800s, so the British went to war with China over Britain's "right"of free trade - namely the sale of opium to China. #4. For China, the Opium Wars resulted in addiction, the indignity of defeat, and unequal trade treaties that continue to complicate China's relations with the West even today.
statements 1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are the most effective HIV disease prevention strategies? #1. drug-abuse treatment on demand #2. education of the risks of transmission #3. needle-exchange programs that are tied to treatment #4. red ribbon campaigns
strategies 1, 2, and 3 only
Brain-imaging research has found that the brain anomalies in people with gambling disorders are almost identical to those found in ______.
substance use disorders
Which of the following substances have been abused for their major effects as a sedative-hypnotic? #1. GBL (gamma butyllactone) #2. Seroquel (quetiapine) #3. Placidyl (ethchlorvynol) #4. Sudafed (pseudoephedrine)
substances 1, 2, and 3 only
Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drug's effects. Considering this fact, which of the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal? #1. bone, joint, and muscular pain #2. insomnia and anxiety #3. high blood pressure, rapid pulse, and tachycardia #4. pinpoint pupils
symptoms 1, 2, and 3 only
Down regulation of a cell occurs when a person uses drugs and
the cell retracts receptor sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters
The synergistic effect of drugs refers to
the combination of two or more depressant drugs, which magnifies their effect on the CNS
Addictive substances affect how neurons down-regulate.
true
The potency of drugs today is due to technological advances in refining, synthesizing, and manufacturing methods.
true
The variation in people's reactions to alcohol is due in part to hereditary factors that affect how efficiently the body metabolizes alcohol.
true
To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving.
true
Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines.
true
When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances.
true
PCP is particularly dangerous because of it has which of the following effects?
causes disassociation, rage, and anger
When drug use is studied on a regional basis, the facts show that per-capita drug use in rural and small urban areas is equal to, and in some areas more than, that of large urban areas.
True
Which of the following statements correctly address the treatment needs regarding polydrug abuse or co-occurring addictions? #1. Treatment programs must identify the total drug profile of each client. #2. In addition to a client's drug problems, behavioral addictions such as gambling, compulsive eating, or Internet addiction must be addressed. #3. For treatment to be successful, each addiction should be addressed separately. #4. Addiction must be addressed as chemical dependency rather than a drug-specific problem.
statements 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following statements are true regarding bipolar disorder? #1. It is the same as manic depression. #2. A person with this disorder cycles through periods of mania, depression, and normalcy. #3. The depressive phase is characterized by high energy. #4. During manic phases people become excessively involved in high-risk pleasurable activities such as drug abuse and gambling.
statements 1, 2, and 4 only
Psychedelics come only from natural plant sources.
False
The effects of psychedelic drugs are consistent and predictable.
False
A 2009 study found that more than 95% of the $370 billion spent by federal and state governments goes to address the consequences of and human wreckage created by substance abuse and addiction.
True
Which of the following meets the definition of harm reduction?
both A and B willingness to work for incremental reductions in risk rather than to require complete abstinence any steps taken by drug users to reduce the harm of their behavior
Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting
both A and B (a. moderate alcohol withdrawal b. hangover)
Which of the following is an affective mood disorder?
major depression
According to Uppers, Downers, All Arounders and the American Society of Addiction Medicine, alcoholism is... #1. a chronic disease #2. influenced by genetic factors and heredity #3. a symptom of moral weakness #4. influenced by environmental factors
1, 2, and 4 only
Which of the following alcoholic drinks are equivalent to one standard drink? #1. one 12 oz. beer #2. one 5 oz. glass of wine #3. one Long Island ice tea (mixed drink) #4. a single 1.5-ounce shot of liquor
1, 2, and 4 only
The life span of a chronic high-dose drinker is...
10 to 22 years shorter than that of the general population
Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, including compulsive behaviors such as gambling?
Addiction is a disease analogous to an allergy.
Which of the following best defines codependency?
An individual depends on the addict to fulfill some need of his or her own.
The name of the primary document that is used in the United States to assess whether a person has a substance-related disorder is called the...
Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)
The following symptoms are indicative of what alcohol-related condition(s)?Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting
INCORRECT neither A nor B; these are symptoms of severe withdrawal
With regard to love, sex, and drugs, drugs are desirable to a wide range of ages and cultures, particularly when which of the following are present? #1. shyness #2. lack of confidence #3. physical changes that diminish sexual abilities #4. physical changes that diminish sexual desire
INCORRECT options 1 and 2 only
Alcohol addiction is defined and characterized by which of the following? #1. a compulsion to drink alcohol #2. an inability to stop drinking once one starts #3. continued use of alcohol despite major life dysfunction #4. legal consequences due to alcohol use
INCORRECT options 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following most accurately describes the addiction profile for psychedelics such as psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, and peyote?
They do not generally produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior and are not considered addictive.
Each year substance abuse costs our society more than any other medical condition.
True
The refinement of carbohydrates has resulted in the same types of effects on obesity that the refinement of cocaine has had on cocaine addiction.
True
The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies is
a group of scientists studying the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs for health benefits
The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger.
deepen
The amount of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita is higher in the United States than in European countries, where the drinking age is 18 or younger.
false
The strength of LSD/“acid†available on the streets today is stronger than the LSD/“acid†that was widely available on the streets in the 1960s and 1970s.
false
Women have a higher percentage of body water than do men of comparable size, so there is more water to dilute the alcohol they drink.
false
The three parts of the public health model used to explain the prevention model are
host, environment, and agent
Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker?
increases blood pressure and heart rate
Which of the following statements are true about the way opioids affect the brain's neurochemistry? #1. Opioids act like endorphins. #2. Opioids can block substance P. #3. Opioids block dopamine to prevent pain. #4. Opioids only limit physical pain.
statements 1 and 2 only
Which of the following statements are true about drug courts? #1. Drug courts are a collaborative approach among the courts, prosecution, public defenders, probation, and treatment providers for convicted drug offenders. #2. Drug court treatment programs cost more than incarceration. #3. Drug courts reduce the strain on the justice system caused by thousands of minor drug offenses by diverting first-time offenders to treatment. #4. There are no outcome studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of drug courts.
statements 1 and 3 only
The major categories of psychoactive drugs include
stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics
The term chasing in problem gambling means
to try to recoup gambling losses by continuing to gamble
Methamphetamine use is associated with increased rates of HIV infection in some communities.
true
Opiates block the release of substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell.
true
Gambling includes which of the following? #1. stock speculation such as day trading, commodities, and options #2. selling and trading derivatives and other speculative investment devices #3. state-run lotteries and keno games #4. sports betting
options 1, 2, 3, and 4
The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?
to provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its ships
Law enforcement and treatment personnel can get a strong indication of what type of drug a person is using from the size of his pupils.
true