Final Exam Study Guide - CED 320

A person without a pre-existing mental illness may develop a mental health problem due to long-term or intense episodic substance abuse.

True

At low doses some drugs can enhance sexual arousal.

True

Active transport occurs when fat-soluble drugs pass from an area where there is a higher concentration of a drug to an area of lower concentration.

false

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s.

false

A person's reaction to alcohol and level of impairment depends on that person's drinking history, behavioral tolerance, and mood.

true

Research conducted in China found that that approximately what percentage of Chinese teens has been identified as compulsive Internet users?

14%

The most practical and widely used alcohol and other drug abuse assessment questionnaire for diagnosis and treatment planning is the...

American Society of Addiction Medicine Patient Placement Criteria (ASAM-PPC)

The reward/control pathway is located in the prefrontal cortex of the "new brain."

False

Which of the following are common errors that new and inexperienced addiction counselors make in group treatment, according to the textbook? #1. unrealistic and preconceived notions of how the group will progress #2. an inability to recognize the stages of therapy and stages of change #3. failure to drop the professionalism "mask" #4. failure to plan and establish ground rules and not adequately integrating new members into the group

INCORRECT errors 1, 3, and 4 only

Which of the following are principles of effective treatment? #1. Effective treatment must focus solely on the client's drug use. #2. Treatment needs to be readily available. #3. No single treatment is appropriate for all individuals. #4. An individual's treatment and services plan must be continually assessed and modified when necessary.

INCORRECT principles 1, 2, 3, and 4

Drug use can aggravate, mask, or amplify an underlying risk of mental health problems.

True

Evidence-based treatment is supported by research and data that demonstrate that it has high potential for positive treatment outcomes.

True

One reason why pressurized inhalants are dangerous is because they can freeze lung tissue.

True

Schizophrenia is classified as a thought disorder.

True

The goal of evidence-based efforts treatment is to ensure that treatment providers consistently use strategies with the best potential for positive outcomes.

True

The inability to resist an impulse that is originally pleasurable but ends up becoming harmful is called an impulse-control disorder.

True

Which of the following is a personality disorder?

borderline

Binge drinking causes the most problems and is defined as...

both A and B (a. five or more drinks for men at one sitting b. four or more for women at one sitting)

Acetylcholine is the most crucial neurotransmitter involved in drug use and abuse.

false

Which types of psychedelics exert most of their effects through serotonin receptors?

indole

Which of the following contributed to the increase in tobacco smoking prior to 2000?#1. mass production, leading to lower prices#2. aggressive marketing strategies#3. nicotine, as the addictive compound in tobacco#4. the fact that one pinch of chewing tobacco delivers more nicotine than one cigarette

options 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following are factual statements about drug policy? #1. In 1909 the Opium Exclusion Act was enacted to reduce worldwide opium production and opium smoking. #2. The Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 enabled the federal government to monitor and control the sale of opium. #3. The Opium Exclusion Act and the Harrison Narcotic Act eliminated the illicit-drug trade. #4. The Opium Exclusion Act and the Harrison Narcotic Act led to the development of a huge illicit-drug trade.

statements 1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following statements are true regarding retrograde amnesia? #1. It is associated with the use of rohypnol. #2. It is associated with the use of GHB. #3. It is associated with the use of cocaine. #4. It refers to memory loss of events that occurred shortly before taking certain drugs.

statements 1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following statements are true about the harm reduction approach? #1. Harm reduction does not acknowledge the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #2. Harm reduction acknowledges the risks associated with psychoactive drug use. #3. The provision of free and clean needles to IV drug users reduces harm. #4. Using a designated driver is a form of harm reduction.

statements 2, 3, and 4 only

The sensation of a big win for a gambler is the equivalent of

the first intense rush from cocaine

According to researchers, a person who smokes cigarettes is 22 times more likely to use cocaine than a nonsmoker.

true

Currently, heroin and cocaine are fueling much of the global unrest.

true

Major alcohol withdrawal symptoms can develop within as short time as 7 consecutive weeks of heavy drinking.

true

Stimulant drugs including cocaine and methamphetamine force the release of dopamine. This surge of dopamine causes paranoia and hyper-reactivity.

true

The American Revolution was supported by exportation and taxation of tobacco, hemp, rum, and whiskey.

true

The high occurrence of ADHD among adolescents in treatment for substance abuse disorders is in part attributed to their use of drugs to self-medicate ADHD symptoms.

true

The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved.

true

Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers?

25%

Marijuana in the urine of a regular user is detectable for

3 to 6 weeks

How long will the high from a typical oral or snorted dose of amphetamine generally last?

4 to 6 hours

For a man who weighs 175 pounds and has consumed three standard alcoholic drinks in one hour, how long will it take to reach a blood alcohol concentration close to 0.0?

5 hours

More than ______ percent of female addicts suffered sexual abuse or physical abuse as a child or an adult.

75%

Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use?

Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.

Which of the following best describes chronic, high-dose marijuana use?

It can cause true addiction with both physical and emotional dependence.

Which of the following is true about the purity of heroin?

It varies from 0% to 99%.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the U.S. prison population?

Nearly 50% of the inmates in federal prisons were sentenced for drug offenses.

Assessment is the first step in addiction treatment.

True

The legality of alcohol and tobacco, coupled with pervasive advertising of these substances, reduces the effectiveness and limits the credibility of many prevention programs.

True

The effects of inhalants most often resemble those of

alcohol | drowsiness

Misperceiving a rope as a threatening snake is an example of

an illusion (mistaken perceptions of real stimuli)

Which of the following techniques is not an aspect of motivational interviewing?

confronting clients in an effort to help them get beyond their denial

High-dose alcohol affects the central nervous system by ______ its function. At higher blood alcohol levels, this leads to ______ heart rate and breathing.

decreasing | decreased

Which of the following represent valid clinical diagnoses that can be associated with cannabis use? #1. cannabis-induced anxiety disorder #2. amotivational syndrome #3. cannabis-induced psychotic disorder #4. cannabis intoxication delirium

diagnoses 1, 3, and 4 only

Which of the following would slow the rate of alcohol absorption?

diluting an alcoholic drink with water or ice or alternating every other drink with water or soda

Which of the following would speed up the absorption rate of alcohol?

drinking on an empty stomach

Which of the following best describes desensitization (cue extinction) in relapse prevention?

exposing the addict to drug-using situations and other triggers to induce a craving and then desensitizing them through education, biofeedback, or talk-down

Which of the following factors have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C? #1. sharing of contaminated needles #2. drug-induced high-risk sexual practices #3. poor hygiene among restaurant workers #4. consistent and regular use of condoms during sex

factors 1 and 2 only

Which disorder is similar to compulsive shopping?

hoarding

Which of the following drugs is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose?

naloxone

Cocaine epidemics

occur in cycles every few generations

In which of the following ways can medications (drugs) be appropriately used to support people in treatment and recovery? #1. for detoxification #2. to control withdrawal symptoms #3. to reduce cravings #4. to promote long-term abstinence

reasons 1, 2, 3, and 4

Substance dependence is characterized by which of the following? #1. development of tolerance #2. significant amounts of time and energy spent pursuing, using, and recovering from use #3. continued use despite consequences #4. significant financial losses

results 1, 2, and 3 only

When does a compulsive shopper experience the highest level of excitement?

right before deciding to purchase an item

Which level(s) of prevention is/are most likely to include intervention?

secondary and tertiary prevention

Drugs that stimulate which neurotransmitter have the potential to treat sexual addiction?

serotonin

Which of the follow statements about eating disorders and substance abuse are true? #1. The prevalence of eating disorders is higher among people with substance abuse problems than they are among the general population .#2. The prevalence of substance abuse is higher among people with an eating disorder than it is among the general population. #3. Both problems use the same abstinence-based approach to recovery. #4. Both problems are completely unrelated.

statements 1 and 2 only

Which of the following statements are true regarding technology, gaming, and gambling? #1. Rapid-play poker machines have increased the number of problem and pathological gamblers. #2. Online gambling has resulted in an increased number of problem and pathological gamblers. #3. There is no evidence that technology has led to an increase in the number of people with gambling or gaming addictions. #4. Electronic media is a breeding ground for new addictions, such as Internet, video games, texting, and multiplayer games.

statements 1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following are factual statements about the Opium Wars?#1. Britain wanted to force the sale and the trade of opium to China so that it could acquire silver to buy tea from China. #2. Britain and other European countries fought the Opium Wars to prevent China from trafficking opium to the West. #3. China banned the use and the import of opium in the early 1800s, so the British went to war with China over Britain's "right"of free trade - namely the sale of opium to China. #4. For China, the Opium Wars resulted in addiction, the indignity of defeat, and unequal trade treaties that continue to complicate China's relations with the West even today.

statements 1, 3, and 4 only

Which of the following are the most effective HIV disease prevention strategies? #1. drug-abuse treatment on demand #2. education of the risks of transmission #3. needle-exchange programs that are tied to treatment #4. red ribbon campaigns

strategies 1, 2, and 3 only

Brain-imaging research has found that the brain anomalies in people with gambling disorders are almost identical to those found in ______.

substance use disorders

Which of the following substances have been abused for their major effects as a sedative-hypnotic? #1. GBL (gamma butyllactone) #2. Seroquel (quetiapine) #3. Placidyl (ethchlorvynol) #4. Sudafed (pseudoephedrine)

substances 1, 2, and 3 only

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drug's effects. Considering this fact, which of the following symptoms would be expected from opiate withdrawal? #1. bone, joint, and muscular pain #2. insomnia and anxiety #3. high blood pressure, rapid pulse, and tachycardia #4. pinpoint pupils

symptoms 1, 2, and 3 only

Down regulation of a cell occurs when a person uses drugs and

the cell retracts receptor sites to slow down message transmission because there are too many neurotransmitters

The synergistic effect of drugs refers to

the combination of two or more depressant drugs, which magnifies their effect on the CNS

Addictive substances affect how neurons down-regulate.

true

The potency of drugs today is due to technological advances in refining, synthesizing, and manufacturing methods.

true

The variation in people's reactions to alcohol is due in part to hereditary factors that affect how efficiently the body metabolizes alcohol.

true

To titrate a drug means to continuously regulate the amount of drug you are receiving.

true

Tolerance to one type of depressant, such as alcohol, can lead to the development of cross-tolerance for another depressant, such as benzodiazepines.

true

When other depressants are used, the danger of overdose is greatly increased because metabolism of alcohol takes precedence over metabolism of other substances.

true

PCP is particularly dangerous because of it has which of the following effects?

causes disassociation, rage, and anger

When drug use is studied on a regional basis, the facts show that per-capita drug use in rural and small urban areas is equal to, and in some areas more than, that of large urban areas.

True

Which of the following statements correctly address the treatment needs regarding polydrug abuse or co-occurring addictions? #1. Treatment programs must identify the total drug profile of each client. #2. In addition to a client's drug problems, behavioral addictions such as gambling, compulsive eating, or Internet addiction must be addressed. #3. For treatment to be successful, each addiction should be addressed separately. #4. Addiction must be addressed as chemical dependency rather than a drug-specific problem.

statements 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following statements are true regarding bipolar disorder? #1. It is the same as manic depression. #2. A person with this disorder cycles through periods of mania, depression, and normalcy. #3. The depressive phase is characterized by high energy. #4. During manic phases people become excessively involved in high-risk pleasurable activities such as drug abuse and gambling.

statements 1, 2, and 4 only

Psychedelics come only from natural plant sources.

False

The effects of psychedelic drugs are consistent and predictable.

False

A 2009 study found that more than 95% of the $370 billion spent by federal and state governments goes to address the consequences of and human wreckage created by substance abuse and addiction.

True

Which of the following meets the definition of harm reduction?

both A and B willingness to work for incremental reductions in risk rather than to require complete abstinence any steps taken by drug users to reduce the harm of their behavior

Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting

both A and B (a. moderate alcohol withdrawal b. hangover)

Which of the following is an affective mood disorder?

major depression

According to Uppers, Downers, All Arounders and the American Society of Addiction Medicine, alcoholism is... #1. a chronic disease #2. influenced by genetic factors and heredity #3. a symptom of moral weakness #4. influenced by environmental factors

1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following alcoholic drinks are equivalent to one standard drink? #1. one 12 oz. beer #2. one 5 oz. glass of wine #3. one Long Island ice tea (mixed drink) #4. a single 1.5-ounce shot of liquor

1, 2, and 4 only

The life span of a chronic high-dose drinker is...

10 to 22 years shorter than that of the general population

Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, including compulsive behaviors such as gambling?

Addiction is a disease analogous to an allergy.

Which of the following best defines codependency?

An individual depends on the addict to fulfill some need of his or her own.

The name of the primary document that is used in the United States to assess whether a person has a substance-related disorder is called the...

Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)

The following symptoms are indicative of what alcohol-related condition(s)?Symptoms: rapid pulse, sweating, increased body temperature, hand tremors, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and nausea or vomiting

INCORRECT neither A nor B; these are symptoms of severe withdrawal

With regard to love, sex, and drugs, drugs are desirable to a wide range of ages and cultures, particularly when which of the following are present? #1. shyness #2. lack of confidence #3. physical changes that diminish sexual abilities #4. physical changes that diminish sexual desire

INCORRECT options 1 and 2 only

Alcohol addiction is defined and characterized by which of the following? #1. a compulsion to drink alcohol #2. an inability to stop drinking once one starts #3. continued use of alcohol despite major life dysfunction #4. legal consequences due to alcohol use

INCORRECT options 1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following most accurately describes the addiction profile for psychedelics such as psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, and peyote?

They do not generally produce compulsive drug-seeking behavior and are not considered addictive.

Each year substance abuse costs our society more than any other medical condition.

True

The refinement of carbohydrates has resulted in the same types of effects on obesity that the refinement of cocaine has had on cocaine addiction.

True

The Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies is

a group of scientists studying the therapeutic use of psychedelic drugs for health benefits

The effects of alcohol ______ negative emotions such as loneliness, depression, and anger.

deepen

The amount of pure alcohol (ethanol) consumed per capita is higher in the United States than in European countries, where the drinking age is 18 or younger.

false

The strength of LSD/“acid†available on the streets today is stronger than the LSD/“acid†that was widely available on the streets in the 1960s and 1970s.

false

Women have a higher percentage of body water than do men of comparable size, so there is more water to dilute the alcohol they drink.

false

The three parts of the public health model used to explain the prevention model are

host, environment, and agent

Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker?

increases blood pressure and heart rate

Which of the following statements are true about the way opioids affect the brain's neurochemistry? #1. Opioids act like endorphins. #2. Opioids can block substance P. #3. Opioids block dopamine to prevent pain. #4. Opioids only limit physical pain.

statements 1 and 2 only

Which of the following statements are true about drug courts? #1. Drug courts are a collaborative approach among the courts, prosecution, public defenders, probation, and treatment providers for convicted drug offenders. #2. Drug court treatment programs cost more than incarceration. #3. Drug courts reduce the strain on the justice system caused by thousands of minor drug offenses by diverting first-time offenders to treatment. #4. There are no outcome studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of drug courts.

statements 1 and 3 only

The major categories of psychoactive drugs include

stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics

The term chasing in problem gambling means

to try to recoup gambling losses by continuing to gamble

Methamphetamine use is associated with increased rates of HIV infection in some communities.

true

Opiates block the release of substance P, which is the name of the neurotransmitter that transmits pain messages from nerve cell to nerve cell.

true

Gambling includes which of the following? #1. stock speculation such as day trading, commodities, and options #2. selling and trading derivatives and other speculative investment devices #3. state-run lotteries and keno games #4. sports betting

options 1, 2, 3, and 4

The British encouraged the planting of hemp in the new American colonies for which of the following reasons?

to provide England with strong fibers from which it could make rope and sails for its ships

Law enforcement and treatment personnel can get a strong indication of what type of drug a person is using from the size of his pupils.

true