final global issues exam
Which of the following environmental conferences first combined scientific issues with broader political, social, and economic issues? 2012 Rio+20 1972 Stockholm Conference 2002 World Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2000 Monterrey Conference (Millennium Development Goals)
1972 Stockholm Conference
The U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1977. When did the US ratify the treaty? 2002 1998 1977 1980 1992
1992
How much of the GLOBAL electricity supply comes from alternative energy sources? 90% 5% 20% 60%
20%
How many unaccompanied minors entered the U.S. during the 2014 crisis? 650,000-700,000 Roughly 900,000 60,000-80,000 10,000-20,000
60,000-80,000
The world's population is currently at about: 230 billion people 76 billion people 3 billion people 7.6 billion people
7.6 billion people
How many countries abstained from voting on the UDHR in 1948? 25 48 8 0
8
Sovereignty assumes: That other countries provide financial assistance in times of economic stress That other actors, such as MNCs, can participate in the decision-making of the government That all power is reserved to the government and individuals do not have specific rights That countries are self-governing, have territorial integrity, and self-determination
That countries are self-governing, have territorial integrity, and self-determination
The hypothetical example used to explain why groups of individuals might overexploit shared environmental resources even when they know that it could be against their long-term interests is known as: The Tragedy of the Commons Privatization The "Not In My Backyard" (NIMBY) model The "collective action" model
The Tragedy of the Commons
Sustainable development involves: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) Using renewable energies Reducing consumption Constructing larger buildings Searching for more deposits of fossil fuels to accommodate current demands
Using renewable energies Reducing consumption
Which of the following are empirically observable changes showing that our biosphere is changing (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Global sea level rose by about (17 centimeters) 6.7 inches in the past century Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world Spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has increased and snow is melting later in the season The extent and thickness of the Arctic sea has declined rapidly over the past decades
Global sea level rose by about (17 centimeters) 6.7 inches in the past century Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world The extent and thickness of the Arctic sea has declined rapidly over the past decades
Which is correct about global warming and climate change (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers)? Global warming refers to Earth's rising temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases Climate change refers to Earth's rising ocean temperatures due to increased ocean wildlife Global warming refers to changes in ocean levels over time Global warming and climate change are the same
Global warming refers to Earth's rising temperatures due to increased greenhouse gases
Who was responsible for crafting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Governments working together in the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development A combination of states, MNCs, and NGOs concerned with sustainable development NGOs charged with environmental protection The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Governments working together in the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development
U.S. support for international family planning programs: Has trailed only the support of Brazil, given that country's strong concerns about overpopulation Annually tops $740 billion Has come only through the UNDP, given U.S. distrust of local politicians Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs
Has shifted with changing administrations, with Republicans barring fertility control programs that include legal access to abortion, and Democrats supporting such programs
The moderator interviews an economic immigrant from Mexico who builds homes. How much more can he make in the U.S. than in Mexico? He can make in a week what he would in a year in Mexico He can make in a week what he would in a month in Mexico He can make in a year what he would in a lifetime in Mexico He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico
He can make in a day what he would in a week in Mexico
The Cornucopian perspective rests on the following ideas (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth High fertility is a consequence of slow economic develoment
Population growth is positive as it increases economic productivity and capacity for economic progress Use of natural resources is best managed through market forces Technological innovation can overcome problems of population growth
Those pointing out that we need to focus on the structural dimensions of social change, argue that: Population growth, when out of control, needs to be counteracted through strict limits on the number of children permissible per family Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development Population growth is not related to economic development Population growth can only be reduced through contraception
Population growth, in particular high fertility, is a consequence rather than a cause of slow economic development
How many countries voted against the UDHR in 1948? 48 8 25 0
0
While the MDGs included 8 goals and 21 targets, the SDGs include: 17 goals and 169 targets 8 goals and 52 targets 206 goals and 1205 targets 5 goals and 20 targets
17 goals and 169 targets
When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted? 1992 1977 1948 1945
1948
At which of the following conferences was the UN's Environment Program (UNEP) created? 2012 Rio+20 1972 Stockholm Conference 2000 Monterrey Conference (Millennium Development Goals) 2002 World Earth Summit on Sustainable Development
1972 Stockholm Conference
According to the UN Population Division's 2015 analyses, what is the medium variant projection for the world's population by 2050: 9.7 billion people by 2050 25.2 billion by 2050 10.8 billion by 2050 5 billion by 2050
9.7 billion people by 2050
What change in thinking is linked to Agenda 21? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) A growing recognition that developing countries should prioritize economic development over the environment A growing recognition that developing countries should integrate the environment into their development strategies A growing recognition that the 21st century will see dramatically increased environmental degradation A consensus on the need to protect whales and dolphins from aggressive fishing practices
A growing recognition that economic development strategies need to be in harmony with nature A growing recognition that developing countries should integrate the environment into their development strategies
What are reasons for why in 2000 the UN General Assembly adopted the MDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A growing recognition that the world was failing to reach most of the goals set out in Agenda 21 The General Assembly declared that most of the goals in Agenda 21 had been reached and that the new millennium needed new ideas Official development assistance from industrialized countries had declined since the 1992 Rio Summit The decline in the world's population due to the spread of communicable diseases
A growing recognition that the world was failing to reach most of the goals set out in Agenda 21 Official development assistance from industrialized countries had declined since the 1992 Rio Summit Increasing concerns over globalization and emerging issues such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic
The Brundtland Commission's 1987 report "Our Common Future" identified: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): That environmental protection needs to be pursued regardless of the economic costs involved Democracy as the necessary precursor to sustainable development A need for world-wide development strategies that recognized the limits of our ecosystem That without sustainable development, there can be no economic growth
A need for world-wide development strategies that recognized the limits of our ecosystem Poverty eradication as a necessary requirement for environmentally sustainable development
Which of the following were the key outcomes of the Johannesburg Summit in 2002 (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? A new binding treaty detailing new targets for how to reach sustainable development goals A legally-binding commitment by the North to provide development aid to the South A pledge by the world's leaders to commit fully to the goal of sustainable development The forming of nearly 300 voluntary partnerships between private sector and civil society organizations to support sustainable development
A pledge by the world's leaders to commit fully to the goal of sustainable development The forming of nearly 300 voluntary partnerships between private sector and civil society organizations to support sustainable development An implementation plan detailing a comprehensive program of action with quantifiable goals and targets
What do we call the graphical representation of the proportions of persons in different age groups in a population? A population age group model A demographic resources pyramid A population pyramid A population characteristics diamond
A population pyramid
What is the difference between a treaty and a declaration? A treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles A treaty and a declaration are both legally unenforceable statements of principle Declarations are documents made by the UN Security Council and treaties are made by the General Assembly A declaration is a legally binding instrument whereas a treaty is a statement of principles
A treaty is a legally binding instrument whereas a declaration is a statement of principles
Which of the following are human rights NGOs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? World Health Organization Amnesty International ICC Human Rights Watch
Amnesty International Human Rights Watch
According to scientists, what is the maximum concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that the Earth could sustain? About 39,000 parts per million About 390,000 parts per million About 390 parts per million About 39 parts per million
About 390 parts per million
How is replacement fertility quantified? Approximately 1.2 births per woman Approximately 2.1 births per woman Approximately 5.2 births per woman Approximately 3.1 births per woman
Approximately 2.1 births per woman
What is replacement fertility? Approximately 3.1 births per woman Approximately 4.2 births per woman Approximately 2.1 births per woman Approximately 1.2 births per woman
Approximately 2.1 births per woman
When did the world's population reach one billion people? At the beginning of the 19th century At the beginning of the 17th century At the beginning of the 16th century At the beginning of the 21st century
At the beginning of the 19th century
Which of the following are alternative energy sources (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Biomass Solar Wind power Hydroelectricity
Biomass Solar Wind power Hydroelectricity
By how much has the Earth's average temperature risen since 1900? By 16 degrees Celsius By 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit By 16 degrees Fahrenheit By 6 degrees Celsius
By 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit
First-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________, whereas second-generation rights are influenced by the philosophical tradition of ________________: Capitalism / socialism Capitalism / libertarianism Social democracy / authoritarianism Individualism / populism
Capitalism / socialism
Geoengineering is the planned manipulation of Earth's climate to counteract the effects of global warming. Geoengineering can be divided into two main categories: Cloud manipulation and solar manipulation Ocean chemistry manipulation and planting more vegetation Carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management Ozone layer repair and spraying sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere
Carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management
The analyst points to a 15-year, $10 billion U.S. effort in which country as a model for what's needed in Central America? Ecuador Haiti Colombia Mexico
Columbia
Which countries will continue to hold the largest share of the world's population? Countries in South America Countries in Africa Countries in Europe Countries in Asia
Countries in Asia
Which of the following are examples of geoengineering (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Creating a planetary filter to reflect sunlight Changing ocean chemistry to increase their carbon absorption Finding ways to capture and safely store carbon dioxide Increasing the amount of wind turbines and solar panels used for energy production
Creating a planetary filter to reflect sunlight Changing ocean chemistry to increase their carbon absorption Finding ways to capture and safely store carbon dioxide
The demographic transition model suggests that as societies industrialize and urbanize: Birth rates will increase but so will death rates, leading to stable populations Fertility rates will play a less important role than death rates The decline in the fertility rate occurs at the same time as the decline in the mortality rate Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline
Death rates will fall, and when values shift from large to small families, fertility rates will decline
What do we call the "study of population change and characteristics"? Population count Population focus Statistics Demography
Demography
The video points to which country as having the highest homicide rates in the world? Costa Rica Panama Nicaragua Guatemala El Salvador
El Salvador
Which of the following are some of the ways through which celebrities can affect human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Persuading the UN to force states to change their behaviors Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors Founding Human Rights Organizations
Engaging in philanthropic behavior by giving money to human rights causes Acting as UN Goodwill Ambassadors Founding Human Rights Organizations
Which of the following is a first-generation right? Everyone has the right to education Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion Everyone has the right to work Everyone has the right to rest and leisure
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
Which of the following is an example of second-generation rights? Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment Everyone has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law Everyone has the right to a nationality
Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work
For how long has scientific research on carbon dioxide been conducted? For about 1000 years For about 5 years For about 150 years For about 50 years
For about 150 years
The moderator interviews an 11-year old boy who fled to the U.S. by himself because of the extreme drug-gang violence in his country. What country was this boy from? Honduras El Salvador Guatemala Nicaragua
Honduras
Universalism is represented by the idea that: Human rights are determined by nations or their government and not by some collective body Human rights are represented by one treaty and that treaty applies to everyone Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status Human rights are judged against a local culture
Human rights are accorded to everyone regardless of citizenship or status
rank
Hydroelectricity Wind power Biomass Solar energy Geothermal Marine energies
Which of the following are listed as part of the MDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Improve maternal health Achieve universal primary education Ensure environmental sustainability Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Improve maternal health Achieve universal primary education Ensure environmental sustainability Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Which of the following are common themes connecting all models of thought on the question of how to address population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Improvement in water quality Improving the status of women Poverty reduction Forceful restrictions on family size
Improvement in water quality Improving the status of women Poverty reduction Increasing sustainability of food production
One of the key outcomes of Rio+20 was a focus on building a green economy. A green economy is an economy that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Is an effort to reverse industrialization so as to create more green spaces Increases a return on investment regardless of environmental impact Improves human well-being and social equity while reducing environmental risks Is low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive
Improves human well-being and social equity while reducing environmental risks Is low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive
Where first-generation rights are often associated with the rights of ________________ people, second and third-generation rights reflect the rights of ________________ people. Some / all Individual / groups of Groups of / individual Most / a few
Individual / groups of
What are some of the examples through which globalization challenges state sovereignty (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? International financial institutions can grant or withhold resources and overrule the decisions of states MNCs can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments International organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a state's population A sovereign state has full control over its territory and through its lawmaking capacity exercises authority over its population
International financial institutions can grant or withhold resources and overrule the decisions of states MNCs can more easily move across borders and escape regulation by governments International organized crime has become so powerful in some places that it controls territory and large segments of a state's population Technology has made it possible to put pressure on a state by facilitating communication that goes around government restrictions
Which of the following are correct statements about the world's population (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? In 2017, nearly 40% of the world's population was aged 60 or over International migration at or around current levels will be unable to compensate fully for the expected loss of population in areas with low levels of fertility, especially in the European region The number of persons aged 80 or over is projected to triple by 2050, and by 2100 to increase to nearly seven times the number in 2017 In 2017, about a quarter of the world's population was under the age of 15
International migration at or around current levels will be unable to compensate fully for the expected loss of population in areas with low levels of fertility, especially in the European region The number of persons aged 80 or over is projected to triple by 2050, and by 2100 to increase to nearly seven times the number in 2017 In 2017, about a quarter of the world's population was under the age of 15
What do we mean by the term "replacement fertility" (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? It is the rate at which high birthrates are off-set by high volume of out-migration It is a term that implies replacing one settled population with another It is the rate at which high death rates are off-set by high immigration It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation
It is the rate at which one generation of parents is replacing itself in the next generation It is a term that describes the interaction between constant patterns of childbearing with constant mortality and migration to yield zero population change
When looking at Niger's population pyramid, which of the following are correct statements (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Less than 5% of Niger's population is over over the age of 65 More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age More of Niger's dependent population is represented by people aged over 64 than by those under the age of 14 Niger has a youthful population
Less than 5% of Niger's population is over over the age of 65 More than 35% of Niger's population are under 10 years of age Niger has a youthful population
Cultural relativism is based on the notion that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR The United Nations is the final arbiter when it comes to determining what rights apply to whom Standards created outside a specific cultural group always trump the group's own standards When individuals are physically harmed by a cultural practice, the practice must be immediately stopped
Local traditions trump the rights in the UDHR the final authority in determining for the rights of a citizenry lies with the people and their government
What are some of the reasons for why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Larger migration flows Major public health advances Greater number of refugees Higher fertility rates
Major public health advances
In 2015, the UN's ___________________ expired and were replaced by the ____________________. Millennium Development Goals / Sustainable Development Goals Millennium Development Goals / Green Economy and Poverty Eradication Goals Sustainable Development Goals / Millennium Development Goals Millennium Sustainability Goals / Goals for a Sustainable Millennium
Millennium Development Goals / Sustainable Development Goals
Which of the following is true about population and population growth (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? The fastest population growth can be found in Europe Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asian countries More than 80% of the world's population is located in the less-developed world Women in developed regions of the world have higher fertility rates than women in less developed regions
Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asian countries More than 80% of the world's population is located in the less-developed world
How is a country's population size (P) determined? P= (+) births (-) deaths P= (+) births (-) deaths (+) in-migration (-) out-migration P= (+) fertility rate (+) births (-) stationary population P= (+) young people (-) old people
P= (+) births (-) deaths (+) in-migration (-) out-migration
What are some of the reasons for why the world's population drastically increased over the past 70 years (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Reduced mortality rates Major public health advances Higher fertility rates Improved food production and distribution
Reduced mortality rates Major public health advances Improved food production and distribution
Which of the following provides evidence that a warming planet is related to human behavior? Scientists have shown a close relationship between global carbon dioxide levels and average global temperatures, while demonstrating that there has been an increase in atmospheric carbon due to the burning of fossil fuels Scientists have shown that increasing levels of carbon dioxide could impact our climate Scientists generally agree that the Earth can only sustain an atmospheric concentration of carbon of about 390 parts per million Scientists have argued that the increase in temperature in the nineteenth century is likely to have been the largest in any century during the past 1000 years
Scientists have shown a close relationship between global carbon dioxide levels and average global temperatures, while demonstrating that there has been an increase in atmospheric carbon due to the burning of fossil fuels
Sustainable development has been defined as (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Sound environmental planning without sacrificing economic and social improvements Development that improves the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems Development that protects the less developed world from the ravages of over-consumption in the developed world Economic planning that protects the well-being of human populations despite harms to the environment
Sound environmental planning without sacrificing economic and social improvements Development that improves the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems
Which of the following is NOT true about the role of technology in human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? Technological advances make communication easier and thus help in raising awareness about human rights issues Technology has contributed to greater knowledge about government behavior because more people can now publicize what they witness Technology can't be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time Technology has contributed to battling preventable diseases like diarrhea by providing more and cheaper access to water filtration
Technology can't be used for positive and negative purposes at the same time
What is the main critique that developing states (LDCs) levy against industrial states (MDCs) over global environmental issues (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? That the average person in an industrialized country accounts for significantly more resource consumption than someone in a poorer country That the long history of MDC industrialization processes has been the greatest contributor to global environmental problems That the South is not affected by global environmental problems and therefore does not need to contribute to solving the problems That LDCs do not need to worry about their economic behavior
That the average person in an industrialized country accounts for significantly more resource consumption than someone in a poorer country That the long history of MDC industrialization processes has been the greatest contributor to global environmental problems
In his 1798 publication, Thomas Malthus argued that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Large and increasing populations are necessary for economic growth and prosperity The "positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back under control The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty and human misery Technology and market forces can solve population growth problems through increased productivity and economic progress
The "positive checks" of famine, war, and epidemics would bring populations back under control The human desire to reproduce would lead to starvation, poverty and human misery
While NGOs do not have official membership status at the UN, they do have important influence through their close cooperation with _______________: The Security Council The Trusteeship Council The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The World Bank
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
As discussed in the video, many of the immigrants coming into the United States are from: Islamic countries torn by war, including Syria and Iraq The three poorest Central American states—Panama, Belize, and Costa Rica Canada, which has a much more porous border than Mexico The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones
The Northern Triangle of Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador), the world's deadliest countries outside war zones
Which of the following are points of criticism made against the SDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? The SDGs are internally inconsistent because they don't acknowledge that global poverty and ecological decline are tied to extreme wealth, inequality, and overconsumption The SDGs ignore the importance of environmental health The goals are presented as if in isolation and this could contribute to missing important connections that undermine the goal of sustainability There are too few goals and targets for them to be effective
The SDGs are internally inconsistent because they don't acknowledge that global poverty and ecological decline are tied to extreme wealth, inequality, and overconsumption The goals are presented as if in isolation and this could contribute to missing important connections that undermine the goal of sustainability There are too many goals and targets for them to be effective
What are reasons for why the U.S. didn't ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) until long after the treaty had gone into effect (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)? The U.S. had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty Human rights have never been a foreign policy priority for the U.S. The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism The U.S. does not recognize the concept of negative rights
The U.S. had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism
Which country accepts the largest total number of immigrants worldwide? China Canada The United States Germany
The US
While negotiated independently of the 1992 Earth Summit, what legally-binding treaties are also associated with the conference in Rio de Janeiro (and sometimes referred to as the Rio Conventions)? International Covenant on Political and Civil Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea The International Tropical Timber Agreement and the Antarctic Treaty The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity
What is the name of the key human rights document of the post-WWII era? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Treaty of Human Rights The International Treaty of Human Rights The Global Magna Charta
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Which of the following are correct statements about fertility rates (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? The fertility rate in poorer (less or least developed) countries is higher, often significantly higher, than replacement level The fertility rate in more developed regions of the world is higher than the fertility rate in less developed regions. The fertility rate in more developed countries is below replacement and stands at about 1.67 per woman The fertility rate is a strong indicators of overall population growth The total fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman of childbearing age
The fertility rate in poorer (less or least developed) countries is higher, often significantly higher, than replacement level The fertility rate in more developed regions of the world is higher than the fertility rate in less developed regions. The fertility rate in more developed countries is below replacement and stands at about 1.67 per woman The fertility rate is a strong indicators of overall population growth The total fertility rate measures the average number of births per woman of childbearing age The fertility rate for the world as a whole is about 2.51 births per woman
What distinguishes the Brundtland Commission's definition of sustainable development from the one proposed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature? The former focuses on the well-being of humans while the latter extends the definition to the biosphere The former focuses on the well-being of the biosphere while the latter emphasizes only the well-being of humans The Brundtland Commission focuses on plant life while the others emphasize the importance only of animals The former focuses on intergenerational responsibility while the latter looks only to behavior in the present
The former focuses on the well-being of humans while the latter extends the definition to the biosphere
"Brain Drain" is (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital The loss of highly skilled people who have immigrated to the U.S., but leave because they have been persecuted by U.S. authorities The sale of brains by poor people in LDCs to rich people in MDCs
The loss of highly skilled persons, mostly from developing countries, as they migrate to, most often, developed countries Sometimes not entirely negative, as those who emigrate can sometimes return home with new skills or capital
Critics of the demographic transition model argue that: The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard The model doesn't focus enough on the variation in birth control methods in LDCs The model focuses too much on the impact of cultural beliefs and gender roles to explain changes in population growth The model has no bearing in reality
The model applies the record of population change and development in Europe and North America as the universal standard
As discussed in the video, why is there so much violence in the Central American states? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers) Funding for rebel groups from Cuba and Russia The prevalence of significant amounts of guns The prevalence of power drug gangs, with many members trained in the U.S. The heavy presence of U.S. military forces (battling corrupt governments run by drug warlords)
The prevalence of significant amounts of guns The prevalence of power drug gangs, with many members trained in the U.S. Legacies of the 1980s the civil wars and the lack of full reconciliation
What apparent tension is part of the concept of sustainable development? The tension between economic health, social health, and ecological health The tension between environmental health, cultural health, and physical health The tension between a population's health and the health of its government The tension between financial markets and shareholder profits
The tension between economic health, social health, and ecological health
What was the immediate context for why the UDHR was drafted (select all that apply; there may be one to four possible correct answers)? The call by U.S. President Truman to contain communism Cyrus the Great's proclamation of freedom, tolerance, and respect for all peoples The U.S. Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights The terrible atrocities committed during WWII, such as the Holocaust
The terrible atrocities committed during WWII, such as the Holocaust The horror of over 50 million dead in WWII
What are some of the ways in which MNCs can promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? They can build networks that give governments greater abilities to control their populations They can use their influence over the UN and other IGOs as a way of increasing their market share and thus their profits They can use their access to markets around the world as a way of building networks based on real-time data exchanges, allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies Through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more data on human rights issues
They can use their access to markets around the world as a way of building networks based on real-time data exchanges, allowing the UN faster response time during emergencies Through public private partnerships they can help develop the technology needed for the UN or NGOs to get more data on human rights issues
First-generation rights are also known as negative rights because: There are more than one generation of rights and focusing on only one generation is too limited They are supposed to protect people's rights so that their lives don't become negative There is a negative relationship between states and human rights They prohibit certain government action and are therefore based on the absence of government interference
They prohibit certain government action and are therefore based on the absence of government interference
Which writer first proposed a negative relationship between human population growth and the supply of food and other resources? Adam Smith Michael Moore Thomas Malthus Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Malthus
As discussed in the context of Uruguay, what is the role of a human rights rapporteur (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)? To organize peacekeeping operations so that people's human rights are protected To prosecute government officials for past human rights abuses To assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in a country To ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abuses
To assess progress in discovering the truth about past atrocities committed in a country To ensure justice and compensation for survivors of human rights abuses
What does "UN MDGs" stand for? United Nations Millennium Development Grants United Nations Millennium Development Goals United Nations Multiple Development Goals United Nations Millennial Debt-forgiveness Goals
United Nations Millennium Development Goals
Which of the following are examples through which technological innovations have been successfully used to promote human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)? When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to publicize videos of police violence When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes When Instagram photos were used to imprison those who published information critical of the French government When corporations used communication and logistics infrastructure to avoid paying taxes
When Egyptian protesters in 2011 used Twitter to publicize videos of police violence When a solar-powered internet network allowed villages in Uganda to get access to crop information and thus to improve their yields and incomes
The tension over sustainable development can be stated as: Whether LDCs should have to take part given their poverty Whether sustainable development is a useful concept Whether or not development can ever be sustainable Whether the focus should be on environmental conservation of living and nonliving resources or on enhancing economic growth and development
Whether the focus should be on environmental conservation of living and nonliving resources or on enhancing economic growth and development
The difference between a negative and a positive obligation imposed on states by human rights rests on ______________________: Whether or not the consequences of human rights are negative or positive for the state Whether or not the state has signed and ratified human rights treaties Whether, and how much, action a government needs to take to ensure that rights are protected How a government defines its sovereignty
Whether, and how much, action a government needs to take to ensure that rights are protected
How much of the UNITED STATES electricity supply is generated by alternative energy sources? About 5% About 15% About 50% About 75%
about 15
Which of the following countries is the leader in renewable energy investment? China U.S. India Germany
china
Which generation of human rights includes freedom of speech and assembly? Fifth First Third Fourth
first
The following factors show how globalization has helped in promoting human rights (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about human rights Terrorist organizations can more easily target weak states and terrorize populations Economically strong MNCs have the ability to avoid social, economic or environmental demands of weaker host countries Austerity measures imposed by IGOs have made it more difficult for states in economic downturns to maintain social programs
information technology has made it easier for human rights NGO's to communicate with their stakeholders and put greater pressure on governments to comply with human rights standards Due to advances in technology and gains in literacy and education, more people know about women rights. social media platforms have allowed people to organize even when governments try to limit free speech and assembly.
Where second-generation rights require a proactive government to take action on behalf of its citizens, third-generation rights require ________________ (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers): Solidarity Precedent Decolonization No action
solidarity International cooperation
What are reasons for why the U.S. didn't ratify the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) until long after the treaty had gone into effect (select all that apply, there may be one to four possible correct answers)? Human rights have never been a foreign policy priority for the U.S. The U.S. was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism The U.S. does not recognize the concept of negative rights President Carter opposed the idea of an international treaty
the Us had concerns that ratifying the treaty could erode its national sovereignty the US was reluctant to expose itself to international criticism
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is typically divided into ___________ generations, or categories: Four One Two Three
three
