FINAL MUSIC 1010-DEFINITIONS
CONCERTO
An instrumental genre for a soloist (or sometimes more than one soloist) and a larger ensemble.
VIVALDI'S "WINTER" FEELS COMPLETE AND UNIFIED BECAUSE...
It begins and ends in the key of F minor.
WHY MIGHT A PIANIST TODAY PREFER A MODERN INSTRUMENT TO THE FORTEPIANO?
Modern concert halls are larger, and the fortepiano does not produce enough sound.
MOZART'S VIENNA CONCERTS IN THE 1780S MADE AN IMPRESSIVE NET PROFIT IN PART BECAUSE...
Mozart wrote the music, performed it, and sold his own tickets.
ADDITIVE FORM IS A DEVICE BERNSTEIN ADAPTED FROM...
Opera.
DURING THE SECOND EXPOSITION OF A DOUBLE-EXPOSITION CONCERTO FORM, WHICH TIMBRE IS LIKELY TO DOMINATE?
Orchestra supporting the soloist.
A RHYTHMIC FIGURE OR GESTURE THAT IS REPEATED MANY TIMES IS AN...
Ostinato.
IN THE 1920S, SCHOENBERG DEVELOPED...
The 12 tone system.
WHAT ARE THE STRINGS IN THE UNANSWERED QUESTION SUPPOSED TO SYMBOLIZES?
The silence of the Druids.
ONE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPERATIC PERFORMANCES AND MUSICALS IS...
The voice qualities in musicals is generally brassier and brighter.
THEME 1 HAS BOTH AN UPWARD AND DOWNWARD CONTOUR, BUT THEME 3 (HEARD IN THIS EXCERPT AT ABOUT 00:10) DIFFERS IN WHAT WAY?
Theme 3 has a conjunct, downward contor.
BASS CONTINUO
"Continuous bass"; a small ensemble, widely used in music of the Baroque, that plays throughout a work and provides an underlying bass line and harmonies. It consists of two instruments: one that can sustain long notes (such as bass viol, a cello, or a bassoon), and one that can play chords (such as a lute or a harpsichord).
THE GENRE OF WORK LIKE THIS, WHICH INVOLVES MULTIPLE SOLOISTS AND AN ORCHESTRA, IS CALLED...
A concerto grosso.
AN INSTRUMENTAL WORK FOR A SOLOIST AND A LARGER ENSEMBLE IS CALLED...
A concerto.
OPERA
A drama sung from beginning to end.
POLYPHONIC TEXTURE
A musical texture consisting of multiple lines of equal importance.
HOMOPHONY
A musical texture in which a melody is performed with a supporting accompaniment.
FUGUE
A polyphonic work based on a central theme and employing imitation.
MELISMATIC
A style of setting a text to music so that there is more than one note per syllable.
SYLLABIC
A style of setting a text to music so that there is no note per syllable.
RECITATIVE
A style of singing that lies somewhere between lyrical song and speech; also, the operatic number that is sung in this style.
IN OPERA, RECITATIVE IS...
A style of singing that lies somewhere between singing and speaking.
THE FIRST PERFORMANCE OF THE UNANSWERED QUESTION TOOK PLACE HOW LONG AFTER ITS COMPLETION?
Almost 40 years.
AARON COPLAND DEDICATED MOST OF HIS CAREER TO CREATING...
American music.
CHORUS
An ensemble with multiple singers to a part; "chorus" is also the name for the musical number or movement sung by this ensemble. in Baroque opera, the chorus comments on the action and emotions unfolding on stage.
PROGRAM MUSIC
An instrumental work that is in some way associated with a story, event, or idea.
WHAT KIND OF HARMONIC SYSTEM DOES SCHOENBERG USE IN "COLUMBINE"?
Atonal.
HOW DOES COPLAND CREATE CONTRASTING TIMBRES IN HIS "HOE DOWN"?
By alternating between a full orchestra and small groups of instruments.
HOW DO JAZZ PLAYERS CREATE A "BLUE NOTE" EFFECT?
By lowering certain pitches by varying amounts.
HOW DOES COPLAND GET THE SOUND OF "WIDE OPEN SPACES" FOR WHICH HE IS FAMOUS?
By using both very high and very low notes.
IN 'ORPHEUS' THE CHORUS...
Comments on the action from time to time.
BECAUSE COPLAND WORKED TO BUILD CULTURAL BRIDGES BETWEEN EAST AND WEST, HE WAS INVESTIGATED UNDER SUSPICION THAT HE WAS A...
Communist sympathizer.
MUSICALLY, PUNK IS A REACTION AGAINST...
Complex, self aware rock.
ROBERT JOHNSON OFTEN PLAYED WITH HIS BACK TO THE AUDIENCE BECAUSE HE...
Did not want anyone to see how he plays his music.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUNK MUSIC IN GREAT BRITAIN REFLECTED THE CONTEMPORARY...
Dire economic conditions.
THE DISTORTED SOUND OF A GUITAR IN PUNK ROCK IS PRODUCED BY...
Either excess amplification or an effects device.
HOW DOES JOHNNY ROTTEN INJECT SARCASM INTO LYRICS?
Emphasizing weak syllables.
MOST BAROQUE CONCERTOS CONSIST OF THREE MOVEMENTS IN THIS SEQUENCE...
Fast-slow-fast.
EXPRESSIONIST PAINTINGS ARE LIKELY TO INCLUDE...
Garish colors.
WHAT KIND OF VOCAL QUALITY DOES SPRECHSTIMME ASK FOR?
Half singing, half speaking.
WHICH COMMON FEATURE OF WESTERN MUSIC IS DELIBERATELY LEFT OUT OF PIANO STUDY IN MIXED ACCENTS?
Harmony.
HOW DID STRAVINSKY CREATE FOLK-LIKE SOUND?
He employed a pentatonic scale.
A COMMON CRITICISM OF MOZART'S MUSIC WAS THAT...
He included too many melodies for the audience to follow.
IVES WAS ABLE TO COMPOSE RADICAL MUSIC BECAUSE...
He made his living as a businessman.
WHY DID JOPLIN CALL HIS PIECE "CLASSICAL RAGS"?
He wanted to make them sound more sophisticated and cultured.
WHAT IS TRUE OF WILLIAM GRANT STILL?
He was the first African American composer to have a symphony performed by a major orchestra.
THE TEXTURE OF "TONIGHT" IS...
Homophonic, then polyphonic.
HOW IS A CHROMATIC SCALE DIFFERENT FROM OTHER SCALES?
It consists entirely of half steps.
TUTTI
Italian for "all": the full ensemble (as opposed to a soloist).
RITORNELLO
Italian for "little return"; name for the statement and return of the full ensemble, in a work alternating between the orchestra and soloist or soloists.
WHAT WAS SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE PUBLISHING CONTACT JOPLIN SIGNED FOR MAPLE LEAF RAG.
Joplin received royalties on each sale.
ACCORDING TO LEGEND, ROBERT JOHNSON...
Made a pact with the devil for musical talent.
RUTH CRAWFORD'S MUSIC IS AN EXAMPLE OF...
Modernism.
WHEN A PIECE CHANGES KEY IT IS CALLED A...
Modulation.
IN THIS CONCERTO, MOZART RETAINS ELEMENTS OF THE RITORNELLO PRINCIPLE BY HIGHLIGHTING THE TIMBRAL CONTRAST BETWEEN THE...
Orchestra and piano.
STRAVINSKY USES WHAT KIND OF SCALE IN THIS EXCERPT TO CONVEY THE FOLK MUSIC OF "PAGAN RUSSIA"?
Pentatonic.
WHICH INSTRUMENT HEARD IN RODEO WAS RELATIVELY NEW TO THE ORCHESTRA AT THE TIME OF ITS PREMIERE?
Piano.
WHICH KIND OF TEXTURE RESULTS FROM THE FIVE GROUPS SINGING AT THE SAME TIME?
Polyphonic.
WHEN A CHORD HAS TWO SIMULTANEOUS TONAL CENTERS, IT IS CALLED...
Polytonal.
AN INSTRUMENTAL WORK SUCH AS 'THE FOUR SEASONS', "WINTER", WHICH IS IN SOME WAY ASSOCIATED WITH A STORY, EVENT, OR IDEA IS AN EXAMPLE OF...
Program music.
AFRICAN AMERICAN ARTISTS OF THE 1920S AND 1930S LIKE WILLIAM GRANT STILL AND LANGSTON HUGHES USED ART TO...
Promote the struggle for racial equality.
IN AN EXPRESSIONIST WORK,
Psychological truth takes prescience over beauty.
ALTHOUGH "TONIGHT" STARTS WITH A CHORUS, IT ENDS AS A...
Quintet.
ONE OF THE ORIGINAL PURPOSES OF OPERA WAS TO...
Re-create an ancient Greek practice.
CRAWFORD CREATES INTEREST AND VARIETY BY GIVING UNUSUAL PROMINENCE TO THE MELODIC ELEMENT OF...
Register.
THE FORM OF PUNK ROCK SONGS IS OFTEN...
Regular and simple.
THE "RITORNELLO PRINCIPLE" MEANS THAT...
Ritornello and solo sections alternate.
THIS EXCERPT, WHICH ALTERNATES BETWEEN SECTIONS FOR THE SOLOISTS AND SECTIONS FOR THE ORCHESTRA, REFLECTS WHICH STRUCTURAL PRINCIPLE?
Ritornello.
WEST SIDE STORY IS A MODERN RETELLING OF...
Romeo and Juliet.
WHO TRANSCRIBED THE FOLK MELODY THAT COPLAND USED IN THE A SECTIONS OF "HOE-DOWN" FROM RODEO?
Ruth Crawford Seeger.
HOW DID CRAWFORD DEVELOP HER COMPOSITIONAL STYLE?
She imposed strict limitations on her compositions.
RAGTIME WAS PARTICULARLY POPULAR WITH AUDIENCES OF...
Silent movies.
IN A CONCERTO, WHAT TWO FORCES A TIMES COLLABORATE AND AT TIMES COMPETE?
Soloist and orchestra.
IN BACH'S BRANDENBURG CONCERTO NO. 2 IN F MAJOR, TIMBRAL CONTRAST OCCUR BETWEEN SOLOIST AND ORCHESTRA, AS WELL AS AMONG THE...
Soloists.
WHAT CHARACTERIZES THE GENRE OF THE MUSICAL WEST SIDE STORY?
Spoken dialogue with substantial amounts of singing.
THE ROUGH SHAPE OF PIANO STUDY IN MIXED ACCENTS IS A...
Symmetrical arch.
THE MUSICAL DEVICE THAT USES ACCENTS OCCURRING OFF OF THE STANDARD BEAT IS CALLED...
Syncopation.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A RHYTHMIC ELEMENT THAT COPLAND USES THROUGHOUT "HOE-DOWN" FROM RODEO?
Syncopation.
IN ORDER TO REFLECT THE CHARACTER'S STATE OF MIND, STILL INCORPORATES THE ELEMENTS OF...
The Blues.
WEST SIDE STORY, AS A GENRE, FLOURISHED MOST PROMINENTLY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN...
The United States.
IT IS DIFFICULT TO UNEQUIVOCALLY CALL ROBERT JOHNSON THE COMPOSER OF "TERRA PLANE BLUES" BECAUSE...
The blues is an oral tradition, with many musicians influencing every song.
HOW DOES A CONCERTO GROSSO TYPICALLY DIFFER FROM A CONCERTO?
The concerto grosso has more solo instruments than the concerto.
THE CONTRASTS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT INSTRUMENT GROUPS COULD ALSO REPRESENT...
The conflict between old and new music.
IN VIVALDI'S "WINTER," ALL STATEMENTS OF THE RITORNELLO ARE PLAYED BY...
The entire ensemble.
RITORNELLO PRINCIPLE
The formal design of alternating Ritornello and solo sections.
WHAT BEST DESCRIBES THE MELODIC CONTENT OF "GOD SAVE THE QUEEN"?
The melodies usually only employ a few pitches.
WHY IS "A BLACK PIERROT" CONSIDERED THROUGH-COMPOSED?
The music is different in each strophe.
TONIC
The note that establishes a key, based on its distinctive relationship with a particular set of harmonies or other notes in the underlying scale. Also, the chord based on the first scale degree.
ALTHOUGH JOPLIN MADE A PIANO ROLL OF MAPLE LEAF RAG, IT MAY SOUND DIFFERENT THAN HIS PERFORMANCES BECAUSE...
The piano roll might have been altered after Joplin made it.
THE SCENARIO OF THE RITE OF SPRING DEPICTS...
The sacrifice of a young woman to the gods.
HOW CAN A LISTENER TELL THAT A PIECE IS A CONCERTO?
There is a clear contrast between the larger ensemble and the solo violin.
HOW DOES COPLAND CREATE A MUSICAL PORTRAIT OF THE VAST OPEN SPACES OF THE AMERICAN WEST?
Through his orchestra across a wide register (or "open scoring").
MODULATE
To move to a different key area.
WHAT KIND OF HARMONY DOES STILL EMPLOY?
Tonal with strong chromatic inflections.
A "KEY AREA' IS A SET OF HARMONIES THAT ALL HAVE A DISTINCTIVE RELATIONSHIP TO ONE PARTICULAR NOTE, KNOWN AS THE...
Tonic.
WHAT INSTRUMENTS ARE INCLUDED IN THE UNANSWERED QUESTION?
Trumpet, clarinet, viola.
IN THE UNANSWERED QUESTION, WHAT INSTRUMENT ASK THE QUESTION?
Trumpet.
BACH'S BRANDENBURG CONCERTO NO. 2 IN F MAJOR IS BASED ON THE RITORNELLO PRINCIPLE, WHICH MEANS THAT...
Various instances of the soloist and ritornello occur in different keys to add variety.
CRAWFORD CREATED "MIXED ACCENTS" BY...
Varying the number of notes per group,
THE TEXTURE OF HOMOPHONY IS IMPORTANT IN OPERA BECAUSE...
With homophony, each role can be sung by one performer.
