FINAL OBM PART #8

________ involves correcting errors using past routines and present policies. A) Process reengineering B) Single-loop learning C) Circular logrolling D) Double-loop learning E) Organizational restructuring

C) Circular logrolling

Stressors associated with workload, pressure to complete tasks, and time urgency are examples of hindrance stressors.

False

Short tenure in management is associated with innovation.

False

Social trends remain static.

False

Idea champions display characteristics associated with transformational leadership.

True

Risa has to work long hours and sometimes weekends, losing out on family time. Risa doesn't find her long hours overly stressful, but rather she sees it as her contribution to maintaining her family's equilibrium and well-being and bettering her children's future. In which country is Risa most likely employed? A) Venezuela B) United States C) Canada D) United Kingdom E) Netherlands

A) Venezuela

During the design step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________. A) find a common vision of how the organization will look in the future B) use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures C) identify the organization's strengths D) recount times they felt the organization worked best E) write action plans and develop implementation strategies

A) find a common vision of how the organization will look in the future

Elaine is very good at what she does, but she is constantly stressed by internal deadlines assigned to co-workers, obligatory meetings, and time lost in unrelated idle cubicle chatter. Today, after a meeting with her supervisor, she has been given more responsibility for her work, is able to set her own deadlines, decline attendance to various department meetings, and telecommute two days a week. Elaine's boss is using which of the following organizational strategies to reduce her stress? A) job redesign B) organizational communication C) employee involvement D) organizational development E) process reengineering

A) job redesign

Interpersonal demands relate to pressures placed on a person as a function of the particular role he or she plays in an organization.

False

Learning organizations use single-loop learning

False

________ involves correcting errors by modifying the organization's objectives, policies, and standard routines. A) Action research B) Double-loop learning C) Process reengineering D) Single-loop learning E) Organizational restructuring

B) Double-loop learning

________ is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, demand, or resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important. A) Change B) Stress C) Innovation D) Stimulation E) Creativity

B) Stress

Which of the following is a step in the appreciative inquiry process? A) analysis B) dreaming C) inferring D) classifying E) collaboration

B) dreaming

Political uncertainties, economic uncertainties, and technological change are examples of the ________ factors of potential stress. A) structural B) environmental C) organizational D) personal E) social

B) environmental

Which of the following types of jobs is least likely to create stress and reduce satisfaction? A) jobs that make multiple and conflicting demands B) jobs that provide a high level of feedback C) jobs that lack clarity about the employee's duties D) jobs that provide the employees less control over the pace of their work E) jobs that provide a low level of variety

B) jobs that provide a high level of feedback

Jerry is feeling very stressed because his boss expects a project to be delivered to the client within a very unreasonable deadline. Jerry has to work nights and weekends to make the deadline. Jerry is feeling stress due to a(n) ________ factor. A) environmental B) organizational C) economic D) structural E) personal

B) organizational

Rudolf is dealing with impending layoffs at work. Yesterday, at a pharmacy, he measured his blood pressure and it was high. He also notices that when he thinks about the future, his heart rate accelerates. Rudolf is demonstrating ________ symptoms of stress. A) psychological B) physiological C) behavioral D) personal E) reactive

B) physiological

Bart has a new idea for a way to cut costs in his department, but he is not willing to share his idea with his boss because the last department head that tried new cost cutting methods was recently fired because the new methods could not achieve expected results. Based on the example, how can Bart's company improve the culture to create innovation? A) flatten the organizational structure B) reward both successes and failures C) increase the resources in Bart's department D) encourage communication between various departments E) conduct team-building activities

B) reward both successes and failures

Idea champions display characteristics associated with ________ leadership. A) narcissistic B) transformational C) autocratic D) transactional E) laissez-faire

B) transformational

During the dreaming step of appreciative inquiry, participants ________. A) identify the organization's strengths B) use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures C) find a common vision of how the organization will look in the future D) write action plans and develop implementation strategies E) recount times they felt the organization worked best

B) use information from the discovery phase to speculate on possible futures

Which of the following statements is not true regarding organizational approaches to managing stress? A) With goal-setting in the organization, individuals perform better when they have specific and challenging goals and receive feedback on their progress toward these goals. B) Redesigning jobs to give employees more responsibility, more meaningful work, more autonomy, and increased feedback can reduce stress. C) Managers should consider decreasing employee involvement in decision making because evidence clearly shows that decreases in employee empowerment reduce psychological strain. D) Increasing formal organizational communication with employees reduces uncertainty. E) Some employees need an occasional escape from the pace of their work.

C) Managers should consider decreasing employee involvement in decision making because evidence clearly shows that decreases in employee empowerment reduce psychological strain.

Politics of change suggests that the impetus for change is more likely to come from inside change agents.

False

Benny is stressed with the new corporate reorganization. He now reports to a foreign office that has usurped many of his responsibilities, including the contract labor for his projects. Therefore, he's working with new and less qualified contractors with whom he doesn't have a relationship. However, the managers of the other departments find themselves in the same boat, and every day they are able to laugh over lunch about their new managerial impotence. ________ is helping Benny handle his stress. A) Emotional contagion B) Cognitive dissonance C) Social support D) Time management E) Self-efficacy

C) Social support

Sensitivity training emphasizes changing behavior through structured group interaction.

False

Excessive smoking, substance abuse, and sleep disorders are all examples of ________ symptoms of stress. A) personal B) psychological C) behavioral D) physiological E) pathological

C) behavioral

Which of the following types of changes involves a new idea being applied to initiating or improving a product, process, or service? A) continuous improvement B) double-loop learning C) innovation D) process reengineering E) organizational streaming

C) innovation

One of Carl's department employees was severely injured on the job. Carl has called in psychological counselors to talk to the other employees and scheduled a series of safety trainings for the department to be completed by the end of the week. He has also asked the HR personnel to talk to the department about the disability insurance that the company offers and make sure that his employees know what is available. Carl is using ________ to help cope with the stress caused by his employee's injury. A) demands B) action research C) resources D) innovation E) appreciative inquiry

C) resources

Which of the following actions can extinguish risk taking and innovation? A) long tenure in management B) encouraging experimentation C) rewarding for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successes D) using organic organizational structures E) using an organizational structure that scores low on vertical differentiation, formalization, and centralization

C) rewarding for the absence of failures rather than for the presence of successes

Appreciative inquiry (AI) is an organizational development technique. Which of the following statements is true regarding appreciative inquiry? A) It tries to identify discrepancies among member perceptions and solve these differences. B) It uses high-interaction group activities to increase trust and openness among team members, improve coordinative efforts, and increase team performance. C) It involves an outside consultant who helps the manager to analyze processes within his or her unit and identify what to improve and how. D) It consists of four steps including discovery, dreaming, design, and destiny. E) It seeks to change groups' attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions about each other.

D) It consists of four steps including discovery, dreaming, design, and destiny.

Brian's team just had a research breakthrough. They'll need several thousands of dollars to complete the project. Brian has called a series of meetings in which he's promoting the significance of the new discovery, explaining the economic benefits that will result from the final project, and answering questions. Brian is a(n) ________ within his company. A) change agent B) arbitrator C) manipulator D) idea champion E) stress creator

D) idea champion

Louise is overwhelmed with the new tasks that she has been assigned after the department merger. Each day, she arrives at work and makes a list of the new tasks, writes a number next to each one according to the urgency of completion, and schedules a time to complete each one. Although she's still stressed, Louise is able to get most of the work done and feels better at the end of the day. Louise is using ________ techniques to reduce her stress. A) job enrichment B) goal setting C) relaxation D) time-management E) job enlargement

D) time-management

Which of the following statements is true regarding innovation in organizations? A) Organic structures negatively influence innovation. B) Interunit communication is low in innovative organizations. C) Short tenure in management is associated with innovation. D) Innovation is nurtured when there is an abundance of resources. E) Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures.

E) Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures.

Experience on the job tends to be positively related to work stress.

False

Which of the following steps of the appreciative inquiry attempts to identify what people think are the organization's strengths? A) dreaming B) destiny C) collaboration D) inferring E) discovery

E) discovery

Family issues, economic problems, and personality characteristics are examples of the ________ factor of potential stress. A) social B) environmental C) structural D) psychological E) personal

E) personal

Which of the following stressors is likely to produce less strain than the other stressors? A) confusion over job responsibilities B) office politics C) lack of unity of command D) red tape E) pressure to complete tasks

E) pressure to complete tasks

In order to make their firm a learning organization, managers should ________. A) increase the number of hierarchical levels in the organization B) avoid the use of cross-functional teams C) penalize mistakes D) increase the degree of departmentalization E) redesign the organizational structure

E) redesign the organizational structure

Organizationally supported programs that focus on the employee's total physical and mental condition, such as helping them quit smoking or control alcohol use, are called ________ programs. A) job redesign B) relaxation C) employee involvement D) organizational development E) wellness

E) wellness

Appreciative inquiry involves identifying and fixing problems.

False

Appreciative inquiry refers to a change process based on the systematic collection of data and selection of a change action based on what the analyzed data indicates.

False

Companies with dominant market share are less susceptible to the forces of change than smaller businesses.

False

Double-loop learning is an error correction process that relies on past routines and present policies.

False

Cooptation combines manipulation and participation.

True

Employees are more accepting of changes when they are committed to the organization as a whole.

True

In the case of process consultation, the consultants do not solve the organization's problems but rather guide or coach the client to solve his or her own problems after jointly diagnosing what needs improvement.

True

Innovation is nurtured where there are slack resources.

True

Intergroup development seeks to change groups' attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that groups have of each other.

True

Jobs that make multiple and conflicting demands increase both stress and dissatisfaction.

True

Organizational development (OD) is a collection of change methods that try to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.

True

Resistance to change can be positive if it leads to open discussion and debate.

True