Final Prep

The advent of mobile systems run by Android and other operating systems opens a wide range of new system management and security concerns for systems administrators, including the ____ paradigm in which an organization's members connect their personal devices directly to a secured network.

"bring your own devices"

Under Linux filename conventions, the ____ represents the root directory.

/

Linux provides the foundation for the ____ operating system.

Android

The Android operating system was first developed by ____.

Andy Rubin

The ____ demonstrates that when using a FIFO policy, in rare cases, adding more memory to a system can cause an increase in page interrupts.

Belady Anomaly

____ can be thought of as being an intermediary between main memory and the special-purpose registers, which are the domain of the CPU.

Cache memory

____ is the practice of using Internet-connected resources to perform processing, storage, or other operations.

Cloud computing

____ of memory is performed by the operating system to reclaim fragmented sections of the memory space.

Compaction

The Windows Task Manager can be opened by pressing and holding the ____ keys together.

Ctrl, Alt, and Delete

The ____ state is a formal indication that an activity is terminated and will be removed completely from system memory.

Destroyed

The ____ uniquely identifies each resource, starts its operation,monitors its progress, and, finally, deallocates it, making the operating system available to the next waiting process.

Device Manager

____ consists of fragments of free memory between blocks of allocated memory.

External fragmentation

The ____ page replacement policy is based on the theory that the best page to remove is the one that has been in memory the longest.

FIFO

T/F A path name can be either one name or a list of names separated by dashes.

False

T/F All Android apps must support screen rotation.

False

T/F All Linux files are organized in directories that are connected to each other in a tree-like structure.

False

T/F General-purpose operating systems such as Linux or Windows are used in embedded systems.

False

T/F Google purchased Android in 2011.

False

T/F In active multiprogramming schemes, a job can monopolize the CPU for a long time while all other jobs waited.

False

T/F Single-user contiguous allocation schemes have the problem of partition intrusion.

False

T/F The best-fit allocation method keeps the free/busy lists organized by memory locations, low-order memory to high-order memory.

False

T/F The content of a random access memory (RAM) chip is nonvolatile, meaning that it is not erased when the power is turned off.

False

T/F The key to the successful implementation of demand paging is the use of a high-speed CPU.

False

T/F When a process requests pages, Linux loads them into memory. When the kernel needs the memory space, the pages are released using a most recently used (MRU) algorithm.

False

T/F Windows XP was the last Windows operating system built on the Windows 95 kernel.

False

T/F With distributed operating systems, users need to be aware of which processor is actually running their applications.

False

Because Linux is written and distributed under the ____ General Public License, its source code is freely distributed and available to the general public.

GNU

The ____ creates a driver object when a driver is loaded into the system and then calls the driver's initialization routine.

I/O Manager

An ____ is a data structure that controls how the I/O operation is processed at each step.

IRP

____ is where the data and instructions of a computer must reside to be processed.

Main memory

In a paged memory allocation scheme, a simple ____ has one entry for each page frame that shows its location and its free/busy status.

Memory Map Table

The ____ file system can recover from all types of errors including those that occur in critical disk sectors.

NTFS

Linux terminal management conforms to ____ standards, and it also supports pseudo-terminals.

POSIX

____ management is designed to replace or change parts of the operating system that need to be enhanced or replaced.

Patch

____ systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

Real-time

T/F A large job can have problems with a first-fit memory allocation scheme.

True

T/F A replacement paging policy determines which virtual page must be removed from memory to make room for a new page.

True

T/F A variation of the LRU page replacement algorithm known as the clock page replacement policy is implemented using a pointer to step through the reference bits of the active pages, simulating a clockwise motion.

True

T/F Android is not as open as Linux, but is much more open than the operating system that runs Apple's mobile products.

True

T/F In the bit-shifting variation of the LRU page replacement policy, the process of shifting bits to the right and resetting the leftmost bit to 1 when a page is referenced gives a history of each page's usage.

True

T/F Memory defragmentation is performed by the operating system to reclaim fragmented space.

True

T/F One of the biggest concerns about Windows operating systems is the need for aggressive patch management to combat the many viruses and worms that target these systems.

True

T/F One of the problems with the best-fit algorithm is that the entire table must be searched before the allocation can be made because the memory blocks are physically stored in sequence according to their location in memory.

True

T/F The Job Table (JT) contains two values for each active job: the size of the job and the memory location where its Page Map Table is stored.

True

T/F The bounds register is used to store the highest (or lowest, depending on the specific system) location in memory accessible by each program.

True

T/F The optimal selection of cache size and replacement algorithm can result in 80 to 90 percent of all requests being in the cache.

True

T/F Virtual memory is implemented in Linux through demand paging.

True

Which of the following is a popular distribution of Linux?

Ubuntu

When physical memory becomes full, the ____ Memory Manager pages some of the memory contents to disk, freeing physical memory for other processes.

Virtual

____ effectively removes restrictions on maximum program size.

Virtual memory

____ allows separate partitions of a single server to support different operating systems.

Virtualization

The primary programming interface for Windows is ____.

Win32 API

Whenever a new Android activity begins, it replaces the activity that was previously called. The replaced activity's state is moved to a data structure called the ____ stack.

back

A hybrid system is a combination of ____ systems.

batch and interactive

In Linux, the ____ log file stores messages of which systems have successfully started up and shut down, as well as any that have failed to do so.

boot.log

In a relocatable dynamic partition scheme, the ____ ensures that, during execution, a program won't try to access memory locations that don't belong to it.

bounds register

The three standard classes of devices supported by Linux are ____.

character devices, block devices and network devices

The Linux page replacement algorithm is an expanded version of the ____ replacement policy.

clock page

By default, a Windows process contains one thread with four components: a unique identifier, the contents of a volatile set of registers indicating state, two stacks used in the thread's execution, and a private storage area used by subsystems and libraries. These components are called the thread's ____.

context

Starting in the 1950s, to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU, an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

control unit

To aid Android app developers, who must account for multiple screen sizes and resolutions, Android has introduced the ____, which is equivalent to one physical pixel on a 160 dpi screen.

density-independent pixel

In a Windows device driver, the ____ is used by the I/O Manager to communicate with the driver when it generates an IRP after an I/O request.

dispatch routine

Active Directory groups machines into administrative units called ____.

domains

To accommodate the various needs of its user community, and to optimize resources, the Windows team identified the following design goals:____.

extensibility, portability, reliability, compatibility, and performance

The ____ paging policy determines when the pager copies a page from disk to memory.

fetch

When opening a file in Windows, the creation of ____ helps bridge the gap between the characteristics of physical devices and directory and file system structures by providing a memory-based representation of shareable physical resources.

file objects

The word ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory), as opposed to being held in secondary storage.

firmware

The ____ method keeps the free/busy lists organized by memory locations, from low-order memory to high-order memory.

first-fit memory allocation

The file disposition attribute ____.

indicates whether to delete the file after closing it

A(n) ____ in Android is the mechanism that one app uses to signal another app that its cooperation is requested to accomplish something.

intent

The most common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the ____ concept, whereby the CPU was notified of events needing operating systems services.

interrupt

In Windows terminology, the privileged processor mode is called ____ mode and the nonprivileged processor mode is called user mode.

kernel

The four memory management techniques presented in this chapter share the requirement that the entire program being executed must be ____.

loaded into memory

The term "____" means that during any phase of its execution, a program references only a small fraction of its pages.

locality of reference

If memory space becomes scarce in an Android device, a ____ acts to free up memory by removing the processes that have remained dormant the longest.

low memory killer

Each app must have one ____ file that holds essential information that the operating system must have before it can run an application.

manifest

Android is designed to run ____.

mobile devices

A(n) ____ in the busy list occurs when a memory block between two other busy memory blocks is returned to the free list.

null entry

A file containing data or programs belonging to users is known as a(n) ____.

ordinary file

By compacting and relocating, the Memory Manager optimizes the use of memory and thus improves throughput. However, it also requires more ____ than the other memory allocation schemes discussed in this chapter.

overhead

In Linux, the three levels of file access are ____, ____, and ____.

owner; group; others

One approach to performing compaction is to do it when a certain ____ of memory becomes busy.

percentage

Main memory is also known as ____.

random access memory

Single-user, fixed partition, and dynamic partition memory schemes share unacceptable fragmentation characteristics that were resolved with the development of ____.

relocatable dynamic partitions

The portion of memory that is used for sections of the kernel that require maximum performance is the ____.

resident operating system code

With segmented memory allocation, each job is divided into several ____ of different sizes, one for each module that contains pieces that perform related functions.

segments

Cache memory is divided into blocks of equal size called ____.

slots

Fixed partitions are also called ____ partitions.

static

The ____ device used in Linux memory management can be a partition on the disk or it can be a normal file.

swap

In demand paging, pages are ____ between main memory and secondary storage.

swapped

Administrators use ____ logs that provide a detailed description of activity on the system.

system

A(n) ____ is defined in Android as a "sequence of activities a user follows to accomplish a goal."

task

To access a location in memory when using segmented memory management, the address is composed of two entries: ____.

the segment number and the displacement

In demand paging, when an excessive number of pages are moved back and forth between main memory and secondary storage, it is called ____.

thrashing

Linux provides semaphores to help solve the problems of mutual exclusion and of producers and consumers. The Linux semaphore structure contains ____ fields.

three

The efficiency of a batch system is measured in ____, which is the number of jobs completed in a given amount of time.

throughput

In active multiprogramming, each program is allowed to use only a preset amount of CPU time before it is interrupted so another job can begin its execution. The interrupted job resumes execution at some later time. This idea is called ____.

time slicing

In a paged memory allocation scheme, a page size that is too small will generate ____.

very long Page Map Tables

A system with ____ divides programs into parts and keep them in secondary storage, bringing each part into memory only as it is needed.

virtual memory

Linux provides ____ queues and semaphores to allow two processes to synchronize with each other.

wait