FINAL REVIEW

right atrium

Blood flows from the superior vena cava into the : a. right atrium b. inferior vena cava c. left atrium d. aorta e. pulmonary trunk

Endothelial cells and expose collagen fibers

After a blood vessel is cut, platelets become sticky and initially it here to _______, forming a platelet plug to help stop the blood loss

b. uterine tubes, uterus

In humans, the site of fertilization is the ___, and the site of implantation is the ___. a. uterus, uterine tubes b. uterine tubes, uterus c. uterus, uterus d. uterine tubes, vagina e. uterus, vagina

d. all of the above

Tonsils: a. are lymphoid nodules found in the walls of the pharynx b. include the adenoids, palatine tonsils, and linguil tonsils c. are connective tissues dominated by lymphocytes d. can become inflamed in tonsillitis d. all of the above

b. pancreas-stomach

Trypsin and pepsin are produced in the ____ and ____ respectively. a. small intestine-stomach b. pancreas-stomach c. small intestine-pancreas

e. muscles in the leg

Which area of the body does not contain a large collection of lymph nodes? a. neck b. abdominal area c. axillary d. breast e. muscles in the leg

left ventricle

Which chamber pumps blood to the body? a. right ventricle b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. left atrium

c. interferons

Which chemicals, secreted by virally infected body cells, enter and protect neighboring healthy cells from becoming virally infected? a. pyrogens b. MHC proteins c. interferons d. complement proteins e. kinins

Calcium

Which ion is necessary for coagulation

d. fever

Which is not a cardinal sign of inflammation a. heat b. pain c. redness d. fever e. swelling

c. trachea

C shaped cartilage rings support the: a. laryngopharynx b. larynx c. trachea d. tertiary bronchi e. all of these

liver

Where would a sinusoidal capillary be located? a. liver b. brain c. kidney

160/100

A blood pressure reading of _________ is considered to be hypertension? a. 120/80 b. 100/80 c. 160/100 d. 110/70 e. 120/60

b. tissue thrombplastin (tissue factor)

A difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic blood clotting pathways is that ________ provides a biochemical "shortcut" in the extrinsic pathway a. calcium b. tissue thrombplastin (tissue factor) c. PF3 d. prothrombin activator e. fibrinogen

Tachycardia

A faster than normal heart rate is a characteristic of a condition called? a. bradycardia b. tachycardia c. anemia d. polycythemia

b. Stimulate testosterone production

A function of LH (ICSH) in the male is to: a. Inhibit progesterone b. Stimulate testosterone production c. Increase proteins synthesis d. Inhibit estrogen e. Stimulates spermatogenesis

b. inflammatory response

A localized response to blunt trauma, toxins, and pathogens that promotes removal of pathogens, removal of tissue, debris and healing would be: a. antibody production b. the inflammatory response c. opsonization d. fever e. an increase in acidic secretions from the body

RBC

A persons ABO blood type is determined by the antigens present on the

c. becoming phagocytic

A sanitized B cell is activated by a Helper T cell resulting in all of the following except: a. Most of the cells of the colony will produce antibodies b. Formation of a large number of cells just like the original (a colony) c. becoming phagocytic d. A few of the cells of the colony will become memory cells e. Enlargement and rapid mitosis

d. fills the conducting passages and does not contribute to gas exchange

Air in the anatomical dead space: a. accounts for almost all of the tidal volume b. is the air in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx c. contributes to alveolar ventilation d. fills the conducting passages and does not contribute to gas exchange e. fills the conducting and respiratory passages between breaths

erythrocytes have manyorganelles, including mitochondria and rough ER

All of these statements are true about erythrocytes, except: a. Erythrocytes have a biconcave disc shaped b. erythrocytes lack. a nucleus c. Erythrocytes have a lifespan of approximately 120 days d. Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin e. erythrocytes have manyorganelles, including mitochondria and rough ER

monocytes than basophils

Among the formed elements that are typically more _____ than ______ ?

b. neutralization

Antibodies covering up, toxins in pathogens is known as: a. precipitation and agglutination b. neutralization c. activation of complement d. antigen-antibody complex e. phagocytosis

away from; toward

Arteries carry blood _____ the heart; veins carry blood _____ the heart.

b. become more permeable and pick up more fluid

As fluid accumulates in the tissues which of the following is true concerning lymphatic capillaries? a. are pinched closed and pick up less fluid b. become more permeable and pick up more fluid c. stop circulating lymph d. prevent large particles and abnormal cells from entering the lymphatic network e. lose permeability to fluid

b. will decrease

As levels of carbon dioxide increase in the blood, the pH of the blood: a. will increase b. will decrease c. is unaffected

c. secondary follicle

As the ovarian follicle continues to develop and small fluid filled spaces begin to appear, it is identified as a: a. primordial follicle b. primary follicle c. secondary follicle d. tertiary, mature or Graafian follicle e. corpus luteum

a. 25%

At rest, about what percentage of available 02, is unloaded from the arterial blood to the tissues in one systemic circuit? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%

Immunity by producing antibodies

B lymphocytes function in the

Neutrophil

Blood cell that has a nucleus with 3 to 5 lobes and functions as a phagocyte is a

capillary beds ; throughout the body

Blood vessels which allow for exchange of gases, and other substances are _______, and are found ______? a. capillary beds; only in the lungs b. post capillary venules; only in the lungs c. precapillary venules d. capillary bed; throughout the body e. precapillary arterioles; throughout the body

b. veins

Blood vessels which have a high capacitance and carry a reserve of blood are called? a. arterioles b. veins c. elastic arteries d. capillaries e. muscular arteries

a. yes

Can the cerebral cortex, temporary early control breathing? a. yes b. no c. neuroscientists are not sure

b. erythrocytes

Carbonic anhydrase is located in the : a. plasma b. erythrocytes c. leukocytes d. platelets e. endothelial cells

c. Helping to stabilize the blood pH

Cells of the collecting tubules are either to secrete, or absorb hydrogen ions, or bicarbonate ions, which is related to which of the kidneys functions? a. Regulating plasma, concentration of sodium, potassium, and other ions b. Regulating blood volume and blood pressure c. Helping to stabilize the blood pH d. Conserving, valuable nutrients

d. Kupffer cells

Cells within the liver which protect against microbes that are absorbed with the nutrients are: a. hepatocytes b. acinar cells c. bile canaliculi d. Kupffer cells e. chief cells

d. pyrogens

Chemicals that results in a body temperature higher than normal or a fever are : a. complement b. perforins c. interferons d. pyrogens

Two of the above are correct

Closure of the heart valves: a. Produces the heart sounds b. Prevents backflow of blood c. Propels the blood forward d. two of the above are correct e. ABC are all correct

enzyme

Coagulation involves the activation of a series of clotting factors, each functioning as a ________, to activate the next clotting factor in the sequence

e. A B and C

Complement activation leads to : a. opsonization b. cell lysis c. enhanced inflammation d. two of the above e. A B and C

c. large

Considering the size of the kidneys, they receive a relatively ___ portion of the cardiac output. a. small b. average c. large

98 mmHg

Determine the mean arterial pressure : Systolic= 114 Diastolic=98

4,5,2,1,6,3 nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchus, bronchiole, alveous

During inhalation, what is the correct sequence of respiratory structures, the air would encounter? 1. Primary bronchus 2. trachea 3. alveolus 4. nasopharynx 5. larynx 6. bronchiole

c. into cells by diffusion

During internal respiration, oxygen moves: a. into cells by primary active transport b. out of cells by primaryy active transport c. into cells by diffusion d. out of cells by diffusion e. into cells by secondary active transport

False

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport as many as six molecules of oxygen? TRue or False

kidneys

Erythropoietin is produced chiefly in the

d. lungs

Fetal circulation allows oxygenated blood to bypass hte a. heart b. umbilical cord c. liver d. lungs e. intestines

b. proteins

Filtrate is similar to plasma, except that plasma has more___. a. Glucose b. Proteins c. Amino acids d. Na+ e. Erythrocytes

b. 4 sperm, 1 ovum

For each primary cell (spermatocyte and oocyte), how many gametes are produced? a. 1 sperm, 4 ova b. 4 sperm, 1 ovum c. 4 sperm, 4 ova d. 1 sperm, 1 ova e. billions of sperm and only a few ova

cephalic vein

Identify the vein

internal iliac vein

Identify the vein

d. Monocyte: enter tissue to become macrophage, engulf of pathogens or debris

Identify this cell and its function: a. esophinphil: phagocytic, engulf antibody labeled materials, reduce inflammation b. Lymphocyte: provide defense against specific pathogens or toxins c. basophil: release histamine in damaged tissue, promote inflammation d. Monocyte: enter tissue to become macrophage, engulf of pathogens or debris e. platelet: hemostasis

d. serosa

If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the______ a. lumen b. mucosa c. submucosa d. muscularis externa d. serosa

b. Blood osmotic pressure would decrease in fluid would accumulate in the tissues

If plasma proteins are lost from the blood due to kidney disease which of the following could result? a. blood osmotic pressure would increase in fluid would accumulate in the blood b. Blood osmotic pressure would decrease in fluid would accumulate in the tissues c. Blood hydrostatic pressure would increase in fluid would accumulate in the tissues d. Interstitial fluid, hydrostatic pressure would increase and fluid would accumulate in the tissues e. Interstitial, osmotic pressure would increase in fluid would accumulate in the blood

b. filtered and secreted substances

In a basic sense, excreted urine is composed of which of the following: a. filtered and reabsorbed substances b. filtered and secreted substances c. reabsorbed and secreted substances d. filtered and reabsorbed and secreted substances

c. degenerates and stops producing hormones.

In a typical menstrual cycle when fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum: a. begins to secrete low levels of FSH. b. continues to secrete progesterone until the next ovulation. c. degenerates and stops producing hormones. d. converts into a primordial follicle e. is expelled into the pelvic cavity.

e. vestibule

In females, the area between the labia that contains a mucus-secreting gland is the a. vagina b. vulva c. cervix d. fimbriae e. vestibule

a. esophagus

Which alimentary canal structure is not involved what is mechanical processing? a. esophagus b. mouth c. stomach d. small intestine e. liver

a. follicular phase ovulation luteal phase

In order, from day 1 to day 28, the typical ovarian cycle is: a. follicular phase ovulation luteal phase b. follicular phase luteal phase ovulation c. luteal phase ovulation follicular phase d. luteal phase follicular phase ovulation e. ovulation follicular phase luteal phase

d. menstrual phase - proliferative phase - secretory phase

In order, from day 1 to day 28, the typical uterine (menstrual) cycle is: a. menstrual phase - secretory phase - proliferative phase b. proliferative phase - menstrual phase - secretory phase c. secretory phase - proliferative phase - menstrual phase d. menstrual phase - proliferative phase - secretory phase e. secretory phase - menstrual phase - proliferative phase

d. Urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce a. A larger volume of urine b. Urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions c. Urine with more water d. Urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions e. Urine containing blood cells

increase

In the absence of extrinsic influences (hormones and innervation of the heart by the autonomic nervous system), the spontaneous depolarization of the SA node would cause a heart rate to: a. increase b. decrease c. be unchanged

b. inhibition of gastric motility and secretion as fatty chyme enters the duodenum

In the intestinal phase of digestion, you would expect: a. the smell of food would increase gastric secretions b. inhibition of gastric motility and secretion as fatty chyme enters the duodenum c. adaptive relaxation d. food to pass through the pyloric sphincter

c. follicle stimulating hormone and d. luteinizing hormone (FSH and LH)

In the male, the hormones (gonadotropins) released by the pituitary are: a. gonadotropin releasing hrmone and interstitial cell stimulating hormone (GnRH and ICSH) b. testosterone and dihydrotestosterone c. follicle stimulating hormone and d. luteinizing hormone (FSH and LH) d. estrogen and progsterone

c. Primordial follicle

In the ovary, the primary, oocyte and the surrounding single layer unstimulated, squamous cells are known for: a. Corpus luteum b. Secondary follicle c. Primordial follicle d. Primary follicle e. Tertiary, mature, graafian follicle

d. small intestine

In which organ of the digestive system does most absorption occur? a. stomach b. large intestine c. liver d. small intestine e. colon

b. decrease

Increased PCO2 and decreased pH ____________ hemoglobins affinity for oxygen: a. increase b. decrease c. do not change

increase heart rate

Increased firing of impulses by the sympathetic nervous system would NOT cause: a. an increase in the force of contraction of the heart center b. increase in heart rate c. vasoconstriction in the coronary circulation d. an increase in cardiac output

a. pituitary gland.

LH or ICSH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) is released by the: a. pituitary gland. b. sustentacular cells. c. interstitial cells. d. hypothalamus. e. all cells in the male.

auto regulation

Local control of blood circulation in tissue is called a. blood pressure b. pulse pressure c. resistance d. auto regulation e. pulse

e. phagocytosis

The engulfing of cells and cellular debris is referred to as: a. precipitation and agglutination b. neutralization c. activation of complement d. antigen antibody complex e. phagocytosis

b. may become enlarged in response to an injury or infection

Lymph nodes: a. filter blood entering by numerous afferent arteries b. may become enlarged in response to an injury or infection c. accumulate excess tissue fluid d. are located evenly throughout the body e. are called lacteals in the intestines

d. conversion to biocarbonate ion

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by: a. the heme portion of hemoglobin b. the globin portion of hemoglobin c. simply dissolving in plasma d. conversion to biocarbonate ion e. any plasma protein

c. tubular reabsorption

Movement of substances from the filtrate into the peritubular fluid and then ultimately returning to the blood in the peritubular capillaries is known as: a. glomerular filtration b. excretion c. tubular reabsorption d. tubular secretion e. renal autoregulation mechanisms

d. Tubular secretion

Movement of substances, from the peritubular capillary blood into the filtrate is known as: a. Glomerular filtration b. Tubular reabsorption c. Renal autoregulation mechanisms d. Tubular secretion e. Excretion

P wave

On an ECG (EKG) depolarization of the atra is represented by the : a. S-T segment b. QRS segment c. T wave d. P wave e. P-Q interval

c. to eliminate non-digestible food residues

One of the major functions of the large intestine is: a. Secrete digestive enzymes b. To kill bacteria, entering the anus c. to eliminate non-digestible food residues d. To regulate the release of bile e. That it alone is the only part of the G.I. tract, which absorbs water

d. Gas transport

Oxygen is bound to hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is converted to carbonic acid during: a. Pulmonary ventilation b. External respiration c. Internal respiration d. Gas transport

a. the juxtaglomerular (JG) of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Renin is released from: a. the juxtaglomerular (JG) of the juxtaglomerular apparatus b. The podocytes of the renal corpuscles c. Endothelial cells of the peritubular capillaries d. The adrenal cortex e. The posterior pituitary

c. carbohydrates

Salivary amylase begins the digestion of: a. proteins b. fats c. carbohydrates d. polypeptides e. steroids

a. primary bronchi

Secondary bronchi branch off the: a. primary bronchi b. trachea c. segmental bronchi d. respiratory bronchioles

b. testosterone

Secondary sex characteristics of the male are maintained by: a. estrogen b. testosterone c. FSH d. progesterone

d. Lymph transport is dependent on the movement of skeletal muscles

Select th correct statement concerning lymph transport. a. Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins. b. Under normal conditions, lymph vessels are very high pressure conduits c. Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes the swelling d. Lymph transport is dependent on the movement of skeletal muscles

c. the larynx

The epiglottis is part of which respiratory structure? a. the lung b. the trachea c. the larynx d. the nasopharynx e. the bronchiole

c. a fructose rich fluid

Seminal vesicles produce: a. sperm cells b. testosterone c. a fructose rich fluid d. estrogen e. mucus

e. seminiferous tubules

Spermatogenesis occurs in the: a. seminal vesicles b. prostate gland c. epididymis d. interstital cells e. seminiferous tubules

c. glomerular filtration

The elimination of a fluid containing nitrogenous waste products and electrolytes from the body is known as: a. renal autoregulation mechanisms b. tubular reabsorption c. glomerular filtration d. micturition e. tubular secretion

decreasing due to less skeletal muscle activity

Standing for long periods, the result in venous return to the heart__________ a. Decreasing due to less skeletal muscle activity b. increasing due to respiratory movements c. decreasing due to vasoconstriction of veins cause by lack of muscle activity d. increasing due to less skeletal muscle activity e. decreasing due to relaxation of valves present in the veins

d. parasympathetic ; decrease

Stimulation of the cardio inhibitory center activates ______neurons and would _____ heartrate? a. sympathetic ; increase b. somatic ; increase c. sympathetic ; decrease d. parasympathetic ; decrease e. parasympathetic ; increase

b. plasmin

The "clot buster" enzyme that digests fibrin clots is : a. fibrinogen b. plasmin c. vitamin K d. heparin e. prothrombin activator

d. Increased stretching of the myocardium or preload

The Frank Starling Law of the heart says, up to a limit, that if more blood enters, the ventricle more blood will be pumped out of the ventricle. This is because of_______ a. increase afterload b. increased contractility c. inscreased ESV d. Increased stretching of the myocardium or preload

in the right atrial wall, near the opening of the superior vena cava

The SA node is locatedL a. In the interatrial septum b. In the left atrial wall, near the openings of the right pulmonary veins c. In the right atrial wall, near the opening of the superior vena cava d. In the aortic wall near the openings to the coronary arteries e. In the interventricular septum

hemocytoblast-bone marrow

The _____ is a source of all, RBCs, platelets, and wbc's, and is located in the ______

c. Liver

The _______ is the first organ to receive most food stuff, absorbed from the alimentary canal a. Brain b. Heart c. Liver D. Pancreas

a. enzymes which are essential for fertilization.

The acrosome of a sperm cell contains: a. enzymes which are essential for fertilization. b. mitochondria for energy production. c. testosterone. d. the chromosomes. e. the flagellum.

c. respiratory membrane

The alveolar simple squamous epithelium, the pulmonary capillary endothelium, and the fused basement membranes between them describes the______________. a. visceral membrane covering the lung b. parietal membrane lining the pleural cavity c. respiratory membrane d. membranes attaching the lung to the thoracic wall e. lining of the nasal cavity

ventricles contract

The atrioventricular valves close when the : a. SA node fires b. atria contract c. vagus nerve stimulates them d. ventricles relax e. ventricles contract

c. vertebral artery

The blood vessel, that supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord from a posterior direction is the a. popliteal artery b. common cartoid artery c. vertebral artery d. coronary artery e. brachial artery

atrioventricular

The chordae tendineae anchor the cusps of the _________valves to the papillary muscles of the ventricles. a. semilunar b. atrioventricular c. both A&B d. neither AorB

the aorta

The coronary arteries arise from which blood vessel? a. the aorta b. the superior vena cava. c. the coronary sinus d. the pulmonary vein e. the pulmonary artery

b. Alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs to alveoli

The direction of inspired air along the respiratory tract is as follows: a. Alveolar sacs to alveolar ducts to alveoli b. Alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs to alveoli c. Alveolar ducts to alveoli to alveolar sacs d. Alveolar sacs to alveoli to alveolar ducts e. Alveoli to alveolar ducts to alveolar sacs

b. expiration

The elastic rebound of the long is important in: a. inspiration b. expiration c. neither, elasticity of the lung plays no role in ventilation

c. has a constricted area which is referred to as the lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter

The esophagus: a. is lined by simple squamous epithelium b. exhibits segmentation but not peristalsis c. has a constricted area which is referred to as the lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter d. contain esophageal glands that produce acid for digestion in the stomach e. contains skeletal muscle in its wall along its entire length

a. fimbriae

The finger-like projections of the utrine tube which drape over the surface of the ovary are called: a. fimbriae b. cervix c. vagina d. vestibule e. vulva

c. T-Lymphocytes

The following are non-specific defenses against disease except: a. surface membrane barriers b. complement c. T-Lymphocytes d. fever e. the inflammatory response

blood pressure

The force exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall, which is measured in millimeters is known as ? a. blood pressure b. pulse pressure c. resistance d. autoregulation e. pulse

d. Transfer the force of the contraction and propagate the action potential

The function of intercalated discs is to: a. Initiate the heartbeat b. Anchor the heart and place within the mediastinum c. Prevent eversion of valves d. Transfer the force of the contraction and propagate the action potential e. Provide an anchoring point for chordae tendinae

a. prevent the walls of the alveoli from collapsing

The function of surfactant is to : a. prevent the walls of the alveoli from collapsing b. act as phagocytes c. trap small particles and pathogens d. allow the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide e. transport carbon dioxide

prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria

The function of the chordae tendineae is to: a. pull the walls of the ventricles inward during contraction b. open the semilunar valves c. open the AV valves d. prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria e. hold the heart in place within the mediastinum

b. Storage and concentration of bile

The function of the gallbladder include: a. Production of bile b. Storage and concentration of bile c. Formation of urea d. Secretion of CCK e. Production storage and concentration of bile

The percentage of RBCs in a sample of whole blood

The hematocrit is: a. The percentage of RBCs in a sample of whole blood b. normally 55% c. the instrument used to count cells in a sample of whole blood d. usually equal to the % of leukocytes in a sample of whole blood

a. Transverse colon and descending colon

The left colic splenic flexure of the large intestine lies between the_____ and ________ a. Transverse colon and descending colon b. Ileum and Cecum c. Ascending colon and transverse colon d. Descending colon and sigmoid colon

e. Loop of Henle or nephron loop

The location of the countercurrent multiplication, which is the process that helps regulate filtrate, volume and solute. Concentration is. a. Distal convoluted tubule b. Collecting duct c. Glomerulus d. peritubular capillaries e. Loop of Henle or nephron loop

c. superior and inferior vena cavae

The lowest pressure is found in the : a. elastic arteries becuase of the elastic tissue in the walls b. venules c. superior and inferior vena cavae d. capillaries becuase of their small diameters e. veins of the legs

Neutrophils

The most common of WBC are

a. pulmonary ventilation

The movement of air in and out of the lungs is: a. pulmonary ventilation b. external respiration c. internal respiration d. gas transport

d. hydrostatic ; osmotic

The movement of fluid at a capillary bed results from _____ pressure at the arteriole end and ______ pressure at the venule end. a. hydrostatic ; hyrdrostatic b. osmotic ; osmotic c. osmotic ; hydrostatic d. hydrostatic ; osmotic

d. tubular secretion

The movement of fluid from a high pressure capillary bed into the renal tubule is called: a. glomerular filtration b. tubular reabsorption c. renal autoregulation mechanisms d. tubular secretion e. excretion

a. glomerular filtration

The movement of fluid from a high-pressure capillary bed into the renal tubule is called a. glomerular filtration b. tubular reabsorption c. renal autoregulation mechanisms d. tubular secretion e. excretion

cardiac muscle

The myocardium is made of: a. smooth muscle b. cardiac muscle c. skeletal muscle d. endothelium e. adipose tissue

e. Contains acinar cells

The pancreas____________ a. Contains villi b. has haustra c. Contains sinusoids, surrounded by hepatocytes d. Received acidic chyme e. Contains acinar cells

c. vas (ductus) deferens

The part of the spermatic cord that carries sperm out of scrotum is the: a. epididymis b. sustentacular cells c. vas (ductus) deferens d. bulbourethral gland e. intestitial cells

a. nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree including terminal bronchioles

The parts of the respiratory system which are involved in ventilation and referred to as the conducting zone are: a. nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tree including terminal bronchioles b. nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and the entire bronchial tree including the alveoli c. upper and lower respiratory systems d. nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree including respiratory bronchioles

d. Receive protect in nourish developing embryo/fetus

The primary function of the uterus is to: a. Secrete mucus for lubrication b. Synthesize, female, hormones c. Regulate the ovarian and uterine cycles d. Receive protect in nourish developing embryo/fetus

Spleen and liver

The primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytosis in worn out red blood cells a. Spleen and liver b. Spleen and kidneys c. liver and kidneys d. lungs and liver e. lungs and kidney

b. Glomerulus ; glomerular (Bowmans capsule)

The process of filtration occurs between the __________ and ________ a. DCT ; afferent arteriole b. Glomerulus ; glomerular (Bowmans capsule) c. ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle d. DCT ; PCT e. peritubluar capillaries ; Glomerulus

b. trigone

The region within the bladder that is defined by the opening of the ureters and urethra is the: a. rugae b. trigone c. detrusor d. levator e. flexor

b. helper T cells, AIDS

The regulatory cells that play a central role in the immunity response are called ______ and are destroyed in the disease called ______ a. helper T cells, multiple sclerosis b. helper T cells, AIDS c. cytotoxic T cells, multiple sclerosis d. cytotoxic T cells, AIDS e. cytotoxic T cells, type 1 diabetes

b. venous return

The respiratory pump and muscular compression help to increase a. auto regulation b. venous return c. anatomoses d. arterial pressure e. vasomotion

c. peristalsis

The rhythmic wave of contraction that pushes food through the GI tract is known as: a. segmentation b. haustral churning c. peristalsis d. deglutition e. defecation

a. Globulins which function as antibodies or transport molecules

The second most abundant proteins in the plasma are a. Globulins which function as antibodies or transport molecules b. Albumins which act as hormones c. Albumins which contribute to the osmotic pressure of plasma d. Globulins which are involved in coagulation e. Fibrinogens which are involved in coagulation

a. Periphery (away from the lumen) of the seminiferous tubules

The stem cells are located in the: a. Periphery (away from the lumen) of the seminiferous tubules b. lumen of the seminiferous tubules c. interstitial cells d. epididymis e. seminal vesicles

a. ureter

The structure which carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder is the: a. ureter b. urethra c. renal pelvis d. renal pyramid e. rena calyx

d. heme, globin, and iron

The three main components of hemoglobin are : a. transferrin, iron, and globin b. iron, billirubin, and transferrin c. ferritin, hemosiderin, and calcium d. heme, globin, and iron e. iron, calcium, and heme

b. produces various types of T-cells

The thymus: a. is found in the wall of the ileum b. produces various types of T-cells c. is attached to the large intestines d. removes abnormal and damage red blood cells

c. between the urinary bladder and the rectum.

The vagina is located: a. between the urinary bladder and the pubic symphysis. b. between the rectum and the sacrum. c. between the urinary bladder and the rectum. d. between the kidneys in the same horizontal plane. e. anterior to the urinary bladder.

portions of heme molecules that do not contain iron

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

Td. basophil

This blood cells prominent granules release histamine and heparin: a. eosinophil b. neutraphil c. monocyte d. basophil e. lymphocyte

between the visceral and parietal serous pericardium

To withdraw excess pericardial fluid, a physician insert a needle so that the tip is: a. in the myocardium b. in the right atrium c. in the coronary sinus d. between the visceral and parietal serous pericardium e. between the parietal serous pericardium and the fibrous pericadium

b. Contain most of the bodies blood when at rest

Veins ___________ a. Have smaller lumens and thicker walls than arteries b. Contain most of the bodies blood when at rest c. Have more smooth muscle in their walls than arteries d. always carry blood poor in oxygen e. Always appear blue in color on models in the lab

d. large intestine

Water absorption, production of vitamins B & K, presence of bacteria flora, and tenia coli describe a. gallbladder b. pancreas c. stomach d. large intestine e. jejunum

AB+

What is the ABO blood typing of this individuals blood?

c. Class II MHC

What is the result when antibodies bind to any antigens? a. Antigen-antibody complex b. Class I MHC c. Class II MHC d. Antigen presentation e. CD marker

d. A & C only

What role does bile salts perform in lipid digestion? a. promote the absorption of fats b. Enzymatic breakdown of the triglycerides c. Emulsification of triglycerides d. A & C only e. A, B, and C

e. nurse (sustentacular) cells

What supports, nourishs, and regulates cells undergoing spermatogenesis? a. intestitial cells b. bulbourethral gland c. epididymis d. vas deferens e. nurse (sustentacular) cells

d. Secretion of perforin

What would you expect to observe in the action of a cytotoxic T cell? a. Killing of your body is already infected cells, regardless of the specific pathogen b. Finding two cells which have MHC class II proteins c. Antibody production d. Secretion of perforin e. Phagocytosis of pathogens

Coagulation will occur quickly by the extrinsic pathway

When a great deal of tissue injury sustained, which of the following is most likely to occur

a. bright red ; dark red

When comparing the color of arterial blood to venous blood ; arterial blood is ______ and venous blood is ________ a. bright red ; dark red b. dark red ; bright red c. red ; blue d. brownish red ; scarlet red e. brownish red ; purple

a. is broken down to the amino acids and reused

When old red blood cells die, the globin (protein) portion of hemoglobin: a. is broken down to the amino acids and reused b. is excreted from the body c. travels in blood as trasferrin or stored in the liver as ferritin

e. production of antibodies

When tissues are injured, chemicals are released which results in inflammation. Which of the following is not part of the inflammatory response? a. redness b. heat c. pain d. swelling e. production of antibodies

a. passive immunity

When you recieve antibodies, but no antibodies are produced by your body it is an example of a. passive immunity b. active immunity

increase cardiac output

When you sit up quickly from a recline position, blood pressure may fall suddenly, and you will feel dizzy. The barrow receptor reflects is triggered in your body, will __________ to raise blood pressure. a. decrease stroke volume b. increase blood volume c. increase vasodilation d. increase cardiac output e. activate the medullary cardioinhibitory center

d. increase caridac output

When you sit up quickly from a reclined position blood pressure may fall suddenly, and you will feel dizzy. The baroreceptor reflex is triggered and your body will ____ to raise blood pressure. a. decrease stroke volume b. increase blood volume c. increase vasodilation d. increase caridac output e. activate the medullary cardioinhibitory center

d. posterior or superior wall of the nasopharynx

Where are pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) located? a. lower neck and upper mediastinum b. left upper abdominal quadrant c. under the tongue d. posterior or superior wall of the nasopharynx

c. immunological surveillance; phagocytes and natural killer cells attacking pathogens

Which is the correct association of a primary defense mechanism and its action? a. physical barriers; allowing entrance of pathogens b. secretions of physical barriers; containing nutrients to nourish pathogens c. immunological surveillance; phagocytes and natural killer cells attacking pathogens d. blood; release of interferone proteins e. inflammation; identifying pathogens

CO=HRxSV

Which is the correct equation to determine the cardiac output? a. CO=SV+HR b. CO=HRxSV c. CO=EDVxHR d. CO=SV-ESVxHR

a) tunica intima

Which layer consists of a thin layer of endothelium and a surrounding layer of connective tissue? a. tunica intima b. tunica media c. tunica externa

tunica media

Which layer influence his blood pressure by vasoconstriction and vasodilation? a. tunica interna b. tunica media c. tunica externa

c. muscularis externa

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis? a. mucosa b. submucosa c. muscularis externa d. serosa

d. cholecystokinin (CCK)

Which of the following causes contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the hepato-to pancreatic sphincter? a. a biocarbinote rich fluid b. acidic chyme c. secretion d. cholecystokinin (CCK) e. fatty chyme

blood is deoxygenated, but high in nutrients

Which of the following correctly describes the blood found in the hepatic portal vein? a. blood is traveling away from the liver b. blood is deoxygenated, but high in nutrients c. blood is deoxygenated and low in nutrients d. What has been filtered by the Kupffer cells in the sinusoids e. blood is oxygenated and traveling to the liver

aorta, artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein, vena cava

Which of the following correctly describes the usual pathway for blood leaving the left ventricle?

d. Gasping for air after holding your breath, until you "turn blue"

Which of the following does not demonstrate how ventilation is controlled by the cerebral cortex? a. Breathing while swimming or playing a hor b. Breathing in anticipation of a big race c. Interrupting the normal breathing pattern because of rage or fear (fight or flight) d. Gasping for air after holding your breath, until you "turn blue" e. Breathing while singing or speaking

b. the epiglottis bends down to cover the opening to the esophagus

Which of the following does not occur during deglutition? a. the soft palate and uvula swings up to close off the nasopharynx b. the epiglottis bends down to cover the opening to the esophagus c. the tongue pushes the bolus towards the pharynx d. the food is forced into the esophagus e. voluntary muscles initiate the swallowing reflex

e. gas exchange

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose? a. Warming of incoming air b. acting as a resonating chamber for speech c. filtering incoming air d. detecting olfactory stimuli e. gas exchange

respiratory rate

Which of the following is a factor influencing blood pressure? a. cardiac output b. respiratory rate c. peripheral resistance d. blood volume

c. action of lipase on fats

Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion an in the small intestine? a. Chewing b. churning c. action of lipase on fats d. segmentation e. emulsification of fats

multinucleated

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue? a. striations b. branching cells c. multinucleated d. involuntary e. intercalated discs

anti-Rh antibodies

Which of the following is not a substance necessary for coagulation?

d. stimulation of the developing follicle

Which of the following is not an effect of estrogens in the female? a. proliferation of the endometrium b. development and maturation of the female reproductive tract c. maintenance of the secondary sex characteristics of the female d. stimulation of the developing follicle e. distribution of adipose tissue in the breasts and hips

c. transporting amino acids to the liver

Which of the following is not considered a function of the lymphatic system? a. returning excess tissue fluid to the blood b. draining interstitial fluid c. transporting amino acids to the liver d. transporting dietary lipids e. exposing immune cells (lymphocytes an macrophages) to invading pathogens

a. accumulation of urine

Which of the following is responsible for activation of the stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder? a. accumulation of urine b. relaxation of smooth muscle c. relaxation of skeletal muscle d. the contraction of the detrusor muscle e. the relaxation of the detrusor muscle

c. renal autoregulation mechanisms

Which of the following is responsible for maintaining a relatively constant rate of filtration? a. glomerular filtration b. tubular absorption c. renal autoregulation mechanisms d. tubular secretion e. excretion

b. secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus terminal bronchiole, alveoli

Which of the following is the correct order of the respiratory tree structures that air passes through during inspiration? a. Secondary bronchus, tertiary, bronchus, alveoli, terminal bronchioles b. Secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchus, terminal bronchiole, alveoli c. terminal bronchiole, tertiary bronchus, secondary bronchus, alveoli d. tertiary bronchus, secondary bronchus, terminal bronchiole, alveoli e. tertiary bronchus, secondary bronchus, terminal bronchiole, alveoli

c. The most common formed element is the red blood cell

Which of the following is true concerning the formed elements? a. The most common formed element is the white blood cell b. The most the formed elements of whole blood consist of red blood cells only c. The most common formed element is the red blood cell d. The most common form element is the platelet e. The different formed elements are found an equal portion in the whole blood

c. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea

Which of the following list the structures in the correct order of airflow? a. trachea, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx b. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, trachea, larynx c. nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea d. oropharynx, larygnopharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea e. nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea

b. external intercostals

Which of the following muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity during forced inspiration? a. external oblique b. external intercostals c. internal oblique d. internal intercostals e. pectoralis major

gonads

Which of the following regions is not drained by the hepatic portal system? a. intestines b. stomach c. spleen d. mesentry e. gonads

b. the sole purpose of inflammation is to dispose of cell debris and pathogens

Which of the following statements is not true about inflammation ? a. inflammation is the tissue response to injury b. the sole purpose of inflammation is to dispose of cell debris and pathogens c. inflammation causes vasodialtion, increased vascular permeability, and phagocyte mobilization d. the chemical mediators of inflammation include histamine and prostaglandins e. the inflammatory response is triggered whenever body tissues are injured

mitral valve

Which valve has only two cusps? a. aortic valve b. mitral valve c. pulmonary valve d. tricuspid valve e. none of the above

b. High levels of progesterone stimulate GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) secretion from the hypothalamus.

Which of the following statements is not true concerning progesterone? a. Progesterone stimulates the secretory activity of the endometrium. b. High levels of progesterone stimulate GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) secretion from the hypothalamus. c. High levels of progesterone inhibit the release of FSH, LH and GnRH. d. Progesterone levels are high during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. e. Progesterone is released by the corpus luteum.

increased vasodilation

Which of the following would cause blood pressure to decrease? a. increased vasodilation b. increased vasoconstriction c. increase in blood volume d. increase in blood viscosity e. increase in sympathetic output

D) smooth muscle

Which of the following would you expect to find in the tunica media of an artery or a vein? a. collagen and or other onnective tissue b. endothelium c. plasma d. smooth muscle

a. release of histamine and heparin

Which of these is a characteristic of the inflammatory response? a. release of histamine and heparin b. vasoconstriction c. local temperature increases d. antibody production e. decreased capillary permeability

b. brachial artery

Which of these is a muscular artery? a. aorta b. brachial artery c. subclavian artery

c. aorta

Which of these is an elastic artery? a. femoral artery b. brachial artery c. aorta

a. the spleen

Which of these lymphoid organs filters blood, removes, abnormal blood cells, stores iron and initiates and immune response? a. the spleen b. tonsils c. lymph nodes d. mucous-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)

slow the heart rate and lower the stroke volume

Which one of these would definitely result in a decrease in cardiac output? a. Increase contratility b. slow the heart rate and lower the stroke volume c. increase the amount of blood pumped per beat d. slow the heart rate and increase the stroke volume

e. foreskin (prepuce)

Which part of the penis is excised (removed) during circumcision? a. root b. bulb c. glans d. shaft e. foreskin (prepuce)

a. coagulation

Which phase of hemostasis occurs last? a. coagulation b. platelet plus formation c. release of heparin d. vascular spasm e. hemolysis

a. ascending limb of the nephron loop

Which region of the nephron is impermeable to water but actively pumps out salt to maintain the high osmotic gradient fo the renal medulla? a. ascending limb of the nephron loop b. descending limb of the nephron loop c. renal corpuscle d. proximal convoluted tubule e. distal convoluted tubule

3, 4, 2, 1

Which sequence is correct for the following events? 1. fibrongen----> fibrin 2. fibrinolysis 3. formation of prothrobinase 4. prothrombin---->

b. is a small sac that collects the lymph from the lower portion of the body and extends to form the thoracic duct

Which statement describes the cisterna chyil? The cisterna chyli: a. receives lymph from the superior portion of the body and returns the lymph to the venous circulation b. is a small sac that collects the lymph from the lower portion of the body and extends to form the thoracic duct c. is a network of specialized lymph capillaries in the thoracic region d. is a small collection of lymphatic tissue that filters through the lymph

c. attached to the large intestine

Which statement describes the vermiform appendix? a. found in the wall of the ileum b. site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent c. attached to the large intestine

a. It stores sperm

Which statement is not true about the prostate? a. It stores sperm. b. It lies inferior to the urinary bladder. c. It is an accessory reproductive organ. d. It surrounds the proximal portion of the urethra. e. The ejaculatory ducts and urethra pass through it.

b. Collecting duct

Which structure receives the filtrate from several nephrons? a. Distal convoluted tubule b. Collecting duct c. Glomerulus d. peritubular capillaries e. Loop of Henle or nephron loop

a. seminal vesicles and prostate

Which two organs contribute almost all of the seminal fluid (semen)? a. seminal vesicles and prostate b. seminal vesicles and bladder c. prostate and testes d. bulbourethral gland and testes e. prostate and bladder

an autorythmic cell of the conducting system

Which type of cell contains very few myofibrils and is unable to maintain a stable, resting potential? a. a skeletal muscle cell b. a ventricular myocardial cell c. an autorythmic cell of the conducting system

b. active immunity

Which type of immunity results when an antigen stimulates formation of a clone of T or B cells in your body? a. passive immunity b. active immunity

c. Increased compliance and elastic rebound

Which would provide for optimal (easiest) pulmonary ventilation? a. Decrease the pressure gradient and alveolar surface tension b. Decrease elastic rebound and alveolar surface tension c. Increased compliance and elastic rebound d. Increase PCO2 and reduce compliance and elastic rebound

Thrombin

______ catalyzes the polymerization of fibrinogen into strands of fibrin

c. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

______ will results in an increased heart contractility a. increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart b. decreased in afterload c. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart d. decreased blood entering the heart

Iron

_______ is considered a special dietary need for normal erythrocyte production

d. contraction / decrease

__________ of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles leads to an_______ in intrapulmonary pressure, which leads to an inward flow of air to equalize the pressure a. relaxation / increase b. contraction / increase c. relaxation / decrease d. contraction / decrease

d. innate; non-specific because they do not distinguish potential threats

________________ defenses are present at birth and are _________________ a. adaptive; specific because they do identify particular threats b. innate; specific because they do identify particular threats c. adaptive; non-specific because they do not distinguish potential threats d. innate; non-specific because they do not distinguish potential threats