Final Review Questions

Water moves freely by diffusion through the lipid bilayer cell membrane and through: A) aquaporins B) energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) C) microtubules in the cytoplasm D) active transport

A) aquaporins Water moves freely by diffusion through the lipid bilayer cell membrane and aquaporins

Factors that determine osmotic pressure include all of the following except: A) charge of the molecules B) size of the molecules C) molecules concentration gradient D) permeability of the plasma membrane

A) charge of the molecules Osmotic pressure is the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the movement of water. Osmotic pressure is determined by the size of the molecules, the concentration gradient, and the permeability of the plasma membrane through which water is diffusing

Which of the following is the largest fluid compartment in the body? A) intracellular B) interstitial C) intravascular D) peritoneal

A) intracellular Approximately two-thirds of the body's water is contained inside the cells. The extracellular fluid (interstitial and intravascular) accounts for the remaining third

Which of the following processes describes the mechanism underlying the sodium-potassium pump? A) Passive diffusion B) Active transport C) Facilitated diffusion D) Osmosis

B) Active transport The sodium-potassium pump transports sodium out of cells and potassium into cells by means of an active transport mechanism

What is the client with edema at risk of? A) hypotension B) pressure ulcers C) bradycardia D) increased cellular oxygenation

B) pressure ulcers

Osmolarity measures: A) the number of dissolved molecules per kilogram of water B) the concentration of solute per liter of solution C) the partial pressure of the gases dissolved in a solution D) the permeability of a cellular membrane to solutes

B) the concentration of solute per liter of solution Osmolarity measures the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution, whereas osmolality measures the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of water

Which clients are at risk for hypernatremia? A) children B) the elderly C) clients receiving intravenous fluids D) clients who take antihypertensives

B) the elderly

If body potassium is depleted (hypokalemia), what state best describes the altered membrane potential of the cell? A) hyperexcitable B) hypersensitive C) hyperpolarized D) hyperbolical

C) hyperpolarized When intracellular potassium concentrations are lower than normal, the cell becomes hyperpolarized. A neuron or muscle cell in this state is more difficult to excite because the membrane potential is now further away from threshold

Which of the following electrolytes is found in the highest concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)? A) sodium B) calcium C) potassium D) chlorine

C) potassium Potassium is the major cation inside cells and plays an important role in maintaining resting membrane potential

Plasma oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure is maintained by the quantity of plasma: A) glucose. B) sodium. C) proteins. D) lipids.

C. Proteins Plasma oncotic pressure is maintained by the presence of plasma proteins, such as albumin

Osmosis describes the movement of: A) sodium. B) glucose. C) water. D) all molecules.

C. water By definition, osmosis describes the movement of water from an area of high concentration of water to low concentration of water

Which factor causes decreased plasma oncotic pressure? A) Increased plasma proteins B) Inflammation and immune response C) Glycolipid carrier molecules D) Diminished production of plasma albumin

D) Diminished production of plasma albumin

Active mediated transport is used to transport molecules: A) between organelles in the cytoplasm. B) in the blood stream. C) in the interstitial fluid. D) across a membrane.

D) across a membrane Active mediated transport is used to transport molecules across a membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration of solute