Final Review questions and Unit 1

Which of the following is an allowable activity during a lab?

Asking your teacher questions

Why is the best answer as to why the standard picture of an atom with circles drawn for its particles, is a conceptual model?

Because it explains the concept of atomic structure.

Why is the best answer as to why science can tell us about the consequences of pollution, but not what we should do about pollution?

Because what we should do about pollution is a subjective political question.

What is the best answer as to why we can talk about falsifiable scientific claims, and not provable scientific claims?

Because while you can show that a prediction is wrong, but even if your prediction is supported 1,000,000,000 times, the next time you test it, it could turn out to be wrong.

You are about to conduct a lab in which you are advised that you will be working with a flame. Which of the safety precautions below would be appropriate for this activity? Wear safety goggles Use appropriate type of gloves Wear loose clothing Tie back long hair

Wear safety goggles Use appropriate type of gloves Tie back long hair

If you are conducting a lab for thermodynamics in which you will be working with hot liquids, what is the most important safety precaution that should you take?

Wear splash resistant safety goggles.

Which of the following should be the first thing you do if you are in a classroom laboratory, and something gets in your eye?

use the eye wash station

A daredevil uses a bungee cord to jump off a bridge. At which point will the daredevil have the most potential and kinetic energy at the same time?

when the daredevil is roughly half way between the water and the bridge

Which of the following terms is the best scientific label for the phenomena known as gravity?

Law

How are mental models and mathematical models related?

A mathematical model objectively describes the relationship between things and a mental model subjectively describes the relationship between things.

Which of the following is an example of a physical model?

A miniature catapult.

What is the best definition of a scientific hypothesis?

A statement in an "If... then..." format, which makes a falsifiable prediction.

A student is conducting a science experiment and needs to measure the mass of an unknown substance. Which piece of equipment would be most appropriate to complete this step?

A triple-beam or electronic balance because it measures a substance in grams.

You are about to conduct a lab in which you are advised that you will be working with a projectile. Which of the safety precautions below would be appropriate for this activity? Wear impact resistant safety glasses Avoid standing in front of the projectile launcher Tie back long hair Wear gloves

ANSWER: Wear impact resistant safety glasses Avoid standing in front of the projectile launcher

Which hypothesis would be most strongly supported by the scenario below? A student notices that as an object falls, it appears to fall faster as it gets closer to the ground. The student continues to make observations and notices that when an object falls from a greater height, that the object will be going faster when it reaches the ground.

If an object is dropped from a greater height, then it will have a greater speed upon impact.

If you are building a catapult and will be launching tennis balls, which piece of safety equipment should you use?

Impact resistant safety goggles.

You have just finished a lab. While you are washing a beaker, it breaks. How should you dispose of the broken beaker?

In a box labeled for broken glassware

Which of the following is the SI unit for temperature?

Kelvin

What is the strongest model that can be made in science?

Law

Which of the following are true about science?

Science can answer questions about past events AND Science can make predictions about future events.

Science has which of the following limitations?

Science cannot ever be completely certain about its laws or theories.

Science has which of the following limitations?

Science cannot make aesthetic or moral judgments.

A 0.05 kg bullet is travelling at 200 m/s while a Mack truck is parked in a parking lot. Which one has more momentum and why?

The bullet has more momentum because the truck has no momentum at all.

What was the main cause of the Mars Climate Orbiter's destruction?

The engineering teams that built it didn't all use the same units.

Which of the following is the independent variable in the scenario below? "If you increase the height from which an object is dropped, then the object will increase its speed at a constant rate as it falls."

The height the object was dropped from.

Which makes the hypothesis below a testable, falsifiable hypothesis? "If you one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object will exert an equal and opposite force to the first object."

The hypothesis makes a prediction about variables, which can be objectively measured with empirical data.

. A stick of dynamite is placed in between two granite blocks. The fuse is then lit and the dynamite explodes, making the two blocks fly away from each other. What is the relationship between the resultant momentum of the granite blocks at the start and end of the event?

The resultant momentum of the two blocks will be the same before and after the explosion

For hundreds of years, Sir Isaac Newton's model of gravitation explained the results of numerous hypotheses about gravitation, which had carried their burdens of proof. For centuries, Newton's model was believed to be 100% correct due to its incredible ability to analyze and predict the motion of objects. However, when Albert Einstein came up with relativity, he discovered that Sir Isaac Newton's models only worked properly when dealing with masses that were smaller than celestial bodies, like black holes, or with masses that were moving significantly slower than the speed of life. Therefore, in this context, Newton's model of gravitation constitutes a --

Theory

Which tool would be used to measure the mass of an object?

Triple beam balance

A student is conducting a science experiment and needs to verify whether or not forces really do come in equal and opposite pairs. Which piece(s) of equipment would best be used for this?

a pair of spring scales, in order to measure the force exerted by each of the springs as one pulls on the other

Why do air bags reduce the harm done to passengers in a collision?

because they extend the time of the collision, thereby reducing the force that the impulse applies to the passenger's body

An unknown substance has a mass of 10.2 g. You measure the mass using an electronic balance and record the following measurements: 10.1 g, 10.2 g, 10.0 g, and 10.2 g. These measurements can be said to be:

both accurate and precise.

What is the abbreviation for the metric prefix deka?

da

A group of students are observing a car moving with a constant velocity on a horizontal, frictionless track. They can change the car's mass, velocity, and the distance it travels. Which of the following changes would provide the greatest increase in potential energy?

doubling the mass of the car

Which of the following is constitutes significantly irresponsible and dangerous behavior while conducting a lab?

drinking out of laboratory glassware that has been used

You are conducting a lab experiment and you are wearing all appropriate safety gear and following all safety precautions. While you are heating a liquid over a flame, you accidentally end up catching your long sleeve shirt on fire. Which piece of safety equipment would be best to use in order to minimize injuries?

fire blanket

You are conducting a lab experiment and you are wearing safety goggles, a lab apron, gloves, and you have your hair pulled back. When you pick up a sharp projectile, it accidentally slips and cuts your hand. Which piece of safety equipment would be best to use to minimize injuries

first aid kit

Which instrument would be best for measuring distance?

meter stick

Which measuring system is the SI system based on?

metric system

A number raised to 10-3 has the same value as the metric prefix:

milli

While conducting a field lab, you are minorly injured. Although you do not believe that the injury is serious, you should still:

notify an adult about your injury.

An object exerts a force of 10 N and you measure the force using a spring scale. The measurements you obtain are 12.1 N, 12.0 N, 11.9 N, and 12.1 N. Based on the given information, your measurements were:

precise but not accurate.