Final Study Guide
Romanesque architecture
an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches
Charlemagne
king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor
Leonardo da Vinci
known as the "Renaissance Man" he painted The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa
Fief
land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
Japanese geography
mountains, terrace farming, and islands
Indulgences
pardon sold by catholic church to reduce one's punishment
Joan of Arc
peasant girl who led french army to victory over the english in the 100 year's war
Feudalism
political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals
Excommunication
the action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.
Tang Dynasty
the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907, restored centralized rule after war. They expand borders; invented porcelain; part of Golden Age of China
Renaissance
the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world
Henry VIII
the second Tudor monarch and was well-known for having six wives
Niccolo Machiavelli
a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)
William Shakespeare
an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and is often called England's national poet
Michelangelo Buonarotti
an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance
Vernacular
Everyday language of ordinary people
Scientific Method
A logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem
Hundred Years' War
' a series of battles fought between France and England from 1337 to 1453. This was launched by Edward III and brought a change in the style of warfare in Europe.
Annul
(v.) to reduce to nothing; to make ineffective or inoperative; to declare legally invalid or void
Reconquista of Spain
1492-Christian efforts made following the Crusades to take over Muslim lands and drive them out of Spain.
Gold and Salt
2 main products of Saharan trade
Middle Ages time period
476 AD - 1492
Gentry class
A class of powerful, well-to-do people who enjoy a high social status
Black Death
A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351
Manor
A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord.
Serfs
A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times
Magna Carta
A written legal agreement signed in 1215 that limited the English monarch's power
Shinto
Ancient religion of Japan
95 Thesis
Arguments against Catholic Church abuses posted on the Church door by Martin Luther.
Predestination
Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.
Motives for the Crusades
Christians tried to take over Jeruselem
Issac Newton
Defined the laws of motion and gravity by explaining the motion of the universe.
Desiderius Erasmus
Dutch priest who thought some church rituals were meaningless and wanted to teach about Jesus
The Olmec
Earliest group to emerge in the Americas
Where the Renaissance began
Florence, Italy
Johannes Gutenburg
German printer; in 1448 he invented a printing press that used movable type.
Africa's Three Great trading Empires
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Genghis Khan
He united the Mongols and built the largest empire the world has ever known
The Bering Strait
How the Native Americans got to America
Raphael Sanzio
Italian Renaissance artist who painted the Madonna and Child and the School of Athens.
Sapa and Coya
King and Queen of the Inca
China Influence on Korea
Korea adopts new philosophies from China: first, Buddhism and later, Confucianism
Mansa Musa
Mali's most famous ruler
Bloody Mary
Mary I, opposed the Anglican church and burned over 300 Anglicans at the stake
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe
Chinampa
Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.
Heresies
Religious opinions contrary to the teachings of the Apostles and the Church
The Aztecs
Sacrificed people
Gothic architecture
Style of architecture of the cathedrals during the Middle Ages characterized by pointed arches, high ceilings, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows
Marco Polo
Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)
Asia
Where the Muslims were living during the Middle Ages
The Aztecs
Who the Spanish took over
The Prince
Written by Machiavelli, described that power is more important, "better to be feared than loved"
Humanism
a Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought
Inquisition
a former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy
Ming Dynasty
came after the Mongol empire
Importance of the Church
church became established into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head
Issac Newton
described the laws of motion and gravity
Francis Bacon
developed the scientific method
Martin Luther beliefs
thought that Christianity should be more focused on faith in God rather than on the rules