Final Study Review Questions (From My Evolve- Merrill's Chapter Questions)
Which two of the following are included in the Radiography Practice Standards? (Select 2 answers.): A) Radiographer Scope of Practice B) Code of Ethics for Radiographers C) Clinical Performance Standards D) Educational Accreditation Standards
A & C
Which two require the patient to be positioned in a 45- to 60-degree anterior oblique position? (Select 2.) A) PA oblique, Scapular Y B) Inferosuperior axial, Lawrence method C) Tangential, supraspinatus "outlet", Neer method D) AP oblique, Grashey method
A & C
Which two anatomic structures are demonstrated on the AP axial projection of the toes? (Select two correct answers.) 1) Phalanges (2) Tarsals (3) Open interphalangeal (IP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint spaces A) Phalanges B) Tarsals C) Open tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint spaces D) Open IP and MTP joint spaces
A & D
For the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest, which of the following positions are required? (1) Upright position (2) Shoulders rolled forward (3) Arms elevated overhead A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
A) 1 and 2 only
The light, spongy, elastic substance of the lungs is termed: A) Parenchyma B) Pleural membrane C) Carina D) Bronchiole
A) Parenchyma
The serous membrane covering the lungs is the: A) Pleura B) Hilum C) Lingula D) Carina
A) Pleura
Air accumulation in the pleural cavity that can cause lung collapse is: A) Pneumothorax B) Pulmonary edema C) Pleural effusion D) Atelectasis
A) Pneumothorax
Which of the following factors are advantages of the PA projection of the abdomen? A) Reduces radiation dose to the gonads B) Demonstrates the kidneys with less magnification C) Improves patient comfort D) Decreases risk of imaging peristalsis
A) Reduces radiation dose to the gonads
Which of the following positions would be best to demonstrate a pneumothorax in the left lung in a very ill patient? A) Right lateral decubitus B) Left lateral decubitus C) Upright PA projection D) Supine AP projection
A) Right lateral decubitus
Which type of bone develops inside and beside tendons? A) Sesamoid bones B) Flat bones C) Short bones D) Irregular bones
A) Sesamoid bones
Which of the following anatomic structures is examined radiographically to detect subtle signs of rotation on the PA chest projection?: A) Sternoclavicular joints B) posterior ribs C) Scapulae D) Heart
A) Sternoclavicular joints
Which two are classified as involuntary motion? (Select 2 answers.) A) Respiration B) Heart beat C) Peristalsis D) Dorsiflexion
B & C
In which quadrant of the abdomen is the liver located? A) Left upper B) Right upper C) Left lower D) Right lower
B) Right upper
What anatomy articulates with the medial end of the clavicle? A) Acromion B) Sternum C) Coracoid process D) Glenoid cavity
B) Sternum
Which two of the following are considered advanced clinical practice roles available to registered radiographers? (Select 2 answers.): A) Computed Tomography Technologist B) Vascular Technologist C) Radiologist Assistant (RA) D) Radiology Practitioner Assistant (RPA)
C & D
Which two tools are used to absorb excess scatter to provide a higher-quality image? (Select 2 answers.): A) Sponges B) Filters C) Lead strips D) Grids
C & D
What are the angle and direction of the central ray for the AP axial projection of the foot? A) Perpendicular to the IR B) Perpendicular to the lower leg C) 10 degrees toward the heel D) 15 degrees posterior
C) 10 degrees toward the heel
What are the angle and direction of the central ray for the PA axial projection of the clavicle? A) Perpendicular to the image receptor B) Perpendicular to the midshaft of the clavicle C) 15 to 30 degrees caudad D) 15 to 30 degrees cephalad
C) 15 to 30 degrees caudad
True or False: Both the right and left lungs have two lobes.
False
True or False: Gonadal shielding is required for all images of the pelvis and hip.
False
True or False: The instruction for a second inhalation is used to allow the patient to practice proper breathing and help avoid imaging of motion.
False
True or False: The trachea is posterior to the esophagus.
False
Which of the following organs are located in the thoracic cavity? (1) Trachea (2) Heart (3) Lungs A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3
All of the following functions are fulfilled by the skeleton except: A) Storage B) Hematopoiesis C) Protection D) Production of calcium
D) Production of calcium
The PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa requires the knee to be flexed: A) 70 degrees from full extension B) 40 degrees C) 50 degrees D) No more than 10 degrees
A) 70 degrees from full extension
Which of the following is the primary basis for the display of radiographic images? A) Anatomic position B) Radiologist preference C) Patient position D) Technologist preference
A) Anatomic position
Which portion of the skeleton comprises 80 bones? A) Axial B) Appendicular C) Bony thorax D) Vertebral column
A) Axial
A name for a fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement is: A) Colles fracture B) Boxer fracture C) Bennett fracture D) Jones fracture
A) Colles fracture
Which fracture type results in more than two fragments of bone? A) Comminuted B) Compound C) Simple D) Transverse
A) Comminuted
Refer to the diagram below. What anatomy is labeled with the number 4? A) Coracoid process B) Acromion C) Coronoid process D) Scapular spine
A) Coracoid process
The partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the: A) Diaphragm B) Peritoneum C) Mesentery D) Lungs
A) Diaphragm
The term applied to a health care professional's moral responsibility and the science of appropriate conduct toward others is: A) Ethics B) Discipline C) Mission statement D) Honor code
A) Ethics
For the joint spaces to be demonstrated on the PA oblique projection of the hand, the fingers must be: A) Extended and placed parallel with the image receptor B) Flexed and resting on the image receptor C) Extended and placed perpendicular to the image receptor D) Flexed and placed perpendicular to the image receptor
A) Extended and placed parallel with the IR
The raised process on the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus is the: A) Greater tubercle B) Lesser tubercle C) Medial epicondyle D) Lateral epicondyle
A) Greater tubercle
Which of the following is best to reduce the risk of disease transmission? A) Handwashing B) Gloves C) Mask D) Gown
A) Handwashing
The three portions of the hip bone are the: A) Ilium, ischium, and pubis B) Ileum, ischium, pubis C) Ala, sacrum, and coccyx D) Innominate, os coxae, and sacrum
A) Ilium, ischium and pubis
Refer to the diagram of the anterior shoulder. What anatomy is labeled with the number 9? A) Inferior angle of the scapula B) Superior angle of the scapula C) Medial angle of the scapula D) Lateral angle of the scapula
A) Inferior angle of the scapula
Which of the following projections is useful in demonstrating the Hill-Sachs defect? A) Inferosuperior axial (Lawrence) B) Transthoracic lateral (Lawrence) C) PA oblique (scapular Y) D) AP shoulder, external rotation
A) Inferosuperior axial (Lawrence)
Which respiration phase would depress the diaphragm? A) Inspiration B) Exhalation C) Slow, shallow breathing D) Rapid breathing, panting
A) Inspiration
Which position of the AP oblique projection of the acetabulum (Judet method) requires the affected hip to be elevated 45 degrees? A) Internal oblique B) External oblique C) Neither position D) Both positions
A) Internal oblique
What is the purpose of positioning the upper extremity in the same plane when performing radiographic procedures? A) It opens the joint spaces and reduces distortion. B) It reduces strain on the patient. C) It reduces artifacts on the image. D) It increases joint distortion to better demonstrate pathologic conditions.
A) It opens the joint spaces and reduces distortion
On which scapular border is the glenoid cavity located? A) Lateral B) Medial C) Inferior D) Superior
A) Lateral
The process on the distal aspect of the fibula is termed the: A) Lateral malleolus B) Medial malleolus C) Styloid process D) Apex
A) Lateral malleolus
Which is the most common IR orientation? A) Lengthwise B) Crosswise C) Diagonal D) All are equally used
A) Lengthwise
The AP ankle, stress view, is useful in demonstrating: A) Ligamentous tears B) Early arthritic changes C) Occult fractures D) Dislocation
A) Ligamentous tears
Where must the central ray enter the patient for the left lateral decubitus position of the abdomen to ensure demonstration of the diaphragm on the image? A) MSP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests B) MCP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests C) MSP at the level of the iliac crests D) MCP at the level of the iliac crests
A) MSP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP projection of the pelvis?: A) Medially rotated 15 to 20 degrees B) Laterally rotated 15 to 20 degrees C) Abducted as much as possible D) Adducted as much as possible
A) Medially rotated 15 to 20 degrees
The plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves is the: A) Midcoronal plane B) Midsagittal plane C) Transaxillary plane D) Midtransverse plane
A) Midcoronal plane
Supine abdomen projections should be exposed: A) On expiration B) On inspiration C) On the second inspiration D) With quiet shallow breathing
A) On expiration
The parietal peritoneum is the: A) Outer layer of the seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity B) Inner layer of the seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity C) Middle layer of the seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity D) Space between the outer and middle layers of the seromembranous sac of the abdominopelvic cavity
A) Outer layer of the seromembranous sac that encloses the abdominopelvic cavity
What is the shape of the pelvic inlet (superior aperture) in a female? A) Oval B) Round C) Narrow D) Shallow
A) Oval
Which of the following projections might be used to demonstrate the pulmonary apices in a patient with extreme kyphosis with less OID than the lordotic position? A) PA axial B) AP axial C) Lateral chest D) Lateral decubitus chest
A) PA axial
Which body habitus types account for about 85% of the population? A) Sthenic and hyposthenic B) Asthenic and hyposthenic C) Sthenic and hypersthenic D) Hypersthenic and asthenic
A) Sthenic and hyposthenic
What is the joint classification used to describe joints that are immovable? A) Synarthroses B) Amphiarthroses C) Diarthroses D) Syndemosis
A) Synarthrosis
Which lung is better demonstrated in AP oblique projections of the chest? A) The lung positioned closer to the image receptor B) The elevated lung C) The two lungs are equally demonstrated in AP oblique projections of the chest. D) Neither lung is better demonstrated; AP oblique projections are used to demonstrate the heart shadow.
A) The lung positioned closer to the IR
Which of the following criteria is used to determine whether a lateral ankle image was taken with the ankle in the true lateral position? A) The medial and lateral talar domes are superimposed. B) The patella is seen in lateral profile. C) The entire mortise joint is open. D) The talus slightly overlaps the distal fibula.
A) The medial and lateral talar domes are superimposed
The lateral projection of the soft tissue neck may be used to demonstrate: (1) The thymus gland (2) The middle compartment of the mediastinum (3) Foreign bodies A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
B) 1 and 3 only
How would the central ray be directed for an AP projection of the knee in a patient whose anterosuperior iliac spine (ASIS)-to-tabletop measurement is 26 cm? A) 3 to 5 degrees caudad B) 3 to 5 degrees cephalad C) Perpendicular D) 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
B) 3 to 5 degrees cephalad
For the axiolateral projection of the ulnar coronoid process (Coyle method), the elbow is flexed: A) 45 degrees B) 80 degrees C) 90 degrees D) 20 degrees
B) 80 degrees
Which acronym is used as the code for radiographers to provide quality images at the lowest possible radiation dose? A) ALLRA B) ALARA C) RADAL D) ALRAD
B) ALARA
Which projection of the chest requires the patient to lean back and rest the posterior shoulders on the vertical grid device? A) PA B) AP axial C) AP D) Lateral
B) AP Axial
What is the name of the process on the posterior lateral aspect of the medial condyle of the femur? A) Lesser trochanter B) Adductor tubercle C) Fovea capitis D) Patella surface
B) Adductor tubercle
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the: A) Terminal bronchioles B) Alveoli C) Parenchyma D) Hilum
B) Alveoli
The outer layer of bone is called: A) Cancellous bone B) Compact bone C) Trabeculae D) Endosteum
B) Compact bone
Which patient factor requires a decrease in technical factors? A) Ascites B) Emphysema C) Pneumonia 4) Edema
B) Emphysema
Secondary ossification occurs in the: A) Uterus B) Epiphyseal plate C) Diaphysis D) Medullary cavity
B) Epiphyseal plate
Which of the following projections best demonstrates free intraperitoneal air in the abdomen? A) PA supine B) Erect AP C) Right lateral decubitus D) Fowler position
B) Erect AP
All of the following are procedural steps for the transthoracic lateral projection (Lawrence method), except: A) Placing the unaffected arm resting on top of the head B) Externally rotating the affected arm to place the humeral epicondyles parallel to the image receptor C) Directing the central ray perpendicular to the surgical neck of the humerus D) Collimating to a 10 × 12-inch field
B) Externally rotating the affected arm to place the humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR
All of the following steps are part of the procedure for the lateral projection of the humerus, except: A) Internally rotating the extremity to place the humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the image receptor B) Externally rotating the extremity to place the humeral epicondyles parallel to the image receptor C) Directing the central ray perpendicular D) Collimating to include the shoulder and elbow joints
B) Externally rotating the extremity to place the humeral epicondyles parallel to the IR
Which tool is used to improve image quality by evening out the IR exposure on body parts with varying thickness? A) Sponges B) Filters C) Lead strips D) Grids
B) Filters
Failure of peristalsis causes a pathologic condition of the abdomen called: A) Abdominal distention B) Ileus C) Metastasis D) Peritonitis
B) Ileus
All of the following are procedural steps for the AP distal femur except: A) Placing the bottom of the image receptor or collimated field 2 inches (5 cm) below the knee joint B) Internally rotating the lower extremity to place the femoral neck parallel to the image receptor C) Directing the central ray perpendicular to the midfemur D) Collimating to 1 inch (2.5 cm) beyond the shadow of the thigh and 17 inches (43 cm) long
B) Internally rotating the lower extremity to place the femoral neck parallel to the IR
If a patient falls and then complains of pain in the wrist and elbow on the right upper limb, the patient could be described as having sustained injuries to the right wrist and __________ elbow. A) Contralateral B) Ipsilateral C) Superior D) Proximal
B) Ipsilateral
The angle below the pubic symphysis: A) Is larger in males B) Is larger in females C) Is approximately the same in both genders D) Varies with age
B) Is larger in females
All of the following projections require the central ray to be directed perpendicular to the image receptor, except: A) Axiolateral of the hip (Danelius-Miller method) B) Lateral of the hip (Hickey method) C) AP oblique of the acetabulum (Judet method) D) AP pelvis
B) Lateral of the hip (Hickey method)
Where is the central ray centered for the AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices? A) Laryngeal prominence B) Manubrium C) T2 D) Xiphoid process
B) Manubrium
Which pathologic condition of the abdomen is defined as a blockage of the bowel lumen? A) Ileus B) Obstruction C) Abdominal aortic aneurysm D) Pneumoperitoneum
B) Obstruction
Which bone disease is characterized by a decrease in bone density?: A) Osteopetrosis B) Osteoporosis C) Osteomyelitis D) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Osteoporosis
On the AP projection of the shoulder in internal rotation, the plane of the humeral epicondyles is positioned: A) Parallel with the image receptor B) Perpendicular to the image receptor C) At a 45-degree angle, with the medial epicondyle closer to the image receptor D) At a 45-degree angle, with the lateral epicondyle closer to the image receptor
B) Perpendicular to the IR
Where is the scapular spine located? A) Superior border B) Posterior border C) Anterior border D) Medial border
B) Posterior border
What is the function of the thyroid gland? A) Secrete digestive enzymes B) Produce two hormones related to metabolism C) Regulate body temperature D) Produce hormones that control calcium homeostasis
B) Produce two hormones related to metabolism
Which radiographic term is used to describe the path of the central ray? A) Position B) Projection C) Decubitus D) View
B) Projection
What is the position of the styloid processes for the lateral projection of the wrist? A) Parallel with the image receptor B) Superimposed and perpendicular to the image receptor C) At a 45-degree angle to the image receptor, with the radial styloid placed closer D) At a 45-degree angle to the image receptor, with the ulnar styloid placed closer
B) Superimposed and perpendicular to the IR
While examining a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus, you see the fifth metatarsal on the lateral side of the calcaneus. What positioning error caused the fifth metatarsal to be seen in this image? A) There is no positioning error. The fifth metatarsal should be seen on the plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus. B) The calcaneus was rotated. C) The central ray was angled too much. D) The foot was positioned in hyperflexion.
B) The calcaneus was rotated
The dorsal decubitus position, lateral projection, of the abdomen is useful in demonstrating all of the following in very ill patients except: A) Air/fluid level B) The kidneys C) Abdominal masses D) The prevertebral space
B) The kidneys
While examining an image of an AP projection, supine position of the abdomen, you notice that the spinous processes are not in the center of the lumbar vertebrae. What can you conclude from this? A) The central ray and image receptor were not centered at the MSP. B) The patient was slightly rotated. C) The central ray and image receptor were not centered at the level of the iliac crests. D) The image meets the evaluation criteria for this projection.
B) The patient was slightly rotated.
The heads of the metatarsals articulate with: A) The tarsals B) The phalanges C) Each other D) The tarsals, phalanges, and each other
B) The phalanges
The medial aspects of each ilium articulate with: A) The coccyx B) The sacrum C) Each other D) The femoral heads
B) The sacrum
Which of the following structures must be demonstrated in the image of an AP projection, left lateral decubitus position, of the abdomen if the patient is being evaluated for fluid accumulation? A) The side up B) The side down C) The anterior surface D) The pubic symphysis
B) The side down
Which surface landmark is at the same level as L4-L5? A) Inferior costal margin B) Top of the iliac crest C) Anterior superior iliac crest D) Xiphoid process
B) Top of the iliac crest
A small rounded, elevated process on a bone is termed a: A) Trochanter B) Tubercle C) Condyle D) Ridge
B) Tubercle
How many articulations are formed with the clavicle? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
B) Two
The medial bone of the forearm is the: A) Radius B) Ulna C) Humerus D) Tibia
B) Ulna
If a patient is standing with the anterior surface of the right side in contact with the vertical grid device, the patient's position is: A) Right lateral B) Upright right anterior oblique (RAO) C) Upright right posterior oblique (RPO) D) Recumbent left anterior oblique (LAO)
B) Upright right anterior oblique (RAO)
Involuntary motion can be controlled by: A) Using the appropriate immobilization device B) Using the shortest possible exposure time C) Increasing milliampere-second (mAs) D) Effective communication with the patient
B) Using the shortest possible exposure time
A friend asks you about what you see in her daughter's chest radiograph. Providing an opinion or diagnosis in this situation would: A) Not violate the ASRT Code of Ethics because the patient is a minor B) Violate the ASRT Code of Ethics because diagnosis is not within the technologist's scope of practice C) Not violate the ASRT Code of Ethics because the parents have the right to know D) Be detrimental to the friendship
B) Violate the ASRT Code of Ethics because the diagnosis is not within the technologist's scope of practice
Which of the following criteria is used to evaluate the AP projection of the leg (tibia and fibula)? (1) Slight overlap of the tibia on the proximal fibular head (2) Fibular midshaft free of tibial superimposition (3) Proximal and distal articulations of the tibia and fibula moderately overlapped A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
C) 2 and 3 only
Which of the following landmarks should be seen if the exposure technique is appropriate in an AP projection, supine projection, image? (1) Lower border of the spleen (2) Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae (3) Psoas muscles A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
C) 2 and 3 only
The pharynx is divided into ____ subdivisions. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C) 3
Which positioning maneuver ensures that the radial head, neck, and tuberosity will be free of superimposition? A) Ulnar deviaton B) 90-degree flexion of the elbow C) 45-degree lateral rotation of the elbow D) 45-degree medial rotation of the elbow
C) 45-degree lateral rotation of the elbow
With which projection are the cuboid and its articulations best demonstrated? A) AP foot B) AP axial foot C) AP oblique foot in medial rotation position D) AP oblique ankle in 15- to 20-degree medial rotation position
C) AP oblique foot in medial rotation
The first step in localizing the femoral head is to draw an imaginary line connecting the: A) Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and greater trochanter B) Iliac crest and superior margin of the pubic symphysis C) ASIS and superior margin of the pubic symphysis D) Iliac crest and greater trochanter
C) ASIS and superior margin of the pubic symphysis
The liver, stomach, and spleen are organs located in the: A) Pelvic cavity B) Retroperitoneal cavity C) Abdominal cavity D) Thoracic cavity
C) Abdominal cavity
All of the following conditions require a decrease in exposure EXCEPT: A) Old age B) Atrophy C) Ascites D) Emphysema
C) Ascites
The point of bifurcation of the trachea is termed the: A) Epiglottis B) Pharynx C) Carina D) Hilum
C) Carina
A malignant tumor of the shoulder girdle is called: A) Osteosarcoma B) Ewing's sarcoma C) Chondrosarcoma D) Enchondroma
C) Chondrosarcoma
Which of the following structures is part of the appendicular skeleton? A) Facial bones B) Vertebrae C) Femur D) Hyoid bone
C) Femur
Which image receptor is used for digital imaging? A) Cassette with film B) Photostimulable storage phosphor imaging plate C) Flat-panel detector D) Fluoroscopic image intensifier
C) Flat-panel detector
All of the following structures are types of synovial joints except: A) Gliding B) Ball and socket C) Gomphosis D) Ellipsoid
C) Gomphosis
How is the central ray directed for the axiolateral projection of the hip (Danelius-Miller method)? A) Vertically and 20 to 25 degrees cephalad B) Horizontally and 20 to 25 medially C) Horizontally and perpendicular to the femoral neck D) Vertically and perpendicular to the femoral neck
C) Horizontally and perpendicular to the femoral neck
All of the following terms are used to refer to the articulation between the scapula and proximal humerus except: A) Shoulder joint B) Glenohumeral joint C) Humeroglenoidal joint D) Scapulohumeral joint
C) Humeroglenoidal joint
The lowest and most lateral regions of the abdomen are called: A) Chondrium B) Hypochondrium C) Inguinal D) Lateral
C) Inguinal
On the anteroposterior (AP) projection of the proximal femur, the plane of the femoral epicondyles is positioned: A) Parallel to the image receptor (IR) B) Perpendicular to the IR C) Internally rotated 10 to 15 degrees D) Externally rotated 10 to 15 degrees
C) Internally rotated 10- 15 degrees
The left lateral position is often used in chest radiography because: A) The left lung is more likely to be affected by respiratory pathologies B) It allows more room for the radiographer to hold the patient in position when necessary C) It provides a less magnified image of the heart D) The left costophrenic angle is lower than the right
C) It provides a less magnified image of the heart
A supine abdomen projection is sometimes referred to as: A) DUB B) AAS C) KUB D) SAB
C) KUB
The patient is positioned supine with the image receptor adjacent to the patient's left thorax. The central ray is directed horizontally to enter the right lung perpendicular to the image receptor. What projection and anatomy will be depicted in the image? A) AP/PA; both lungs B) AP oblique; left lung C) Lateral; left lung D) Lateral; right lung
C) Lateral; left lung
Which carpal bone is located immediately medial to the scaphoid? A) Trapezium B) Triquetrum C) Lunate D) Capitate
C) Lunate
Where does the central ray enter the patient for the supine AP projection of the abdomen? A) MSP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests B) MCP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests C) MSP at the level of the iliac crests D) MCP at the level of the iliac crests
C) MSP at the level of the iliac crests
The space located between the two pleural cavities is termed the: A) Hilum B) Pleural cavity C) Mediastinum D) Thoracic aperture
C) Mediastinum
Which of the following findings is evidence that the patient was in a true lateral position in a lateral projection of the abdomen? A) Symmetrical iliac alae B) Spinous processes in the center of the lumbar vertebral bodies C) Open lumbar intervertebral foramina D) Lower ribs equidistant from the edges of the collimated field on both sides
C) Open lumbar intervertebral foramina
Which disease process of the lower extremity is defined as an incomplete avulsion of the tibial tuberosity? A) Paget's disease B) Hill-Sachs defect C) Osgood-Schlatter disease D) Jones' fracture
C) Osgood-Schlatter disease
Where is the spine of the ischium located? A) Anterior and superior on the hip bone B) Anterior and inferior on the hip bone C) Posterior and inferior on the hip bone Correct D) Posterior and superior on the hip bone
C) Posterior and inferior on the hip bone
How is the hand positioned for the PA projection of the wrist? A) Supinated with fingers flexed B) Supinated with fingers extended C) Pronated with fingers flexed D) Pronated with fingers extended
C) Pronated with fingers flexed
Which is an indentation located on the superior border of the scapula? A) Glenoid cavity B) Acromion C) Scapular notch D) Coracoid process
C) Scapular notch
Which one of the following conditions is an example of pneumoconiosis? A) Cystic fibrosis B) Sarcoidosis C) Silicosis D) Bronchiectasis
C) Silicosis
Which tarsal bone articulates with the superior aspect of the calcaneus? A) Cuboid B) Navicular C) Talus D) Lateral cuneiform
C) Talus
How many posterior ribs are seen above the diaphragm on a well-inspired PA projection of the chest? A) Seven B) Eight C) Ten D) Twelve
C) Ten
All of the following directions apply to the AP projection of the hip except: A)The central ray is directed vertically and perpendicular to the image receptor B) The central ray is directed approximately 2½ inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis C) The lower limb is flexed at the knee and the thigh abducted as much as possible D) The lower limb is medially rotated 15 to 20 degrees
C) The lower limb is flexed at the knee and the thigh abducted as much as possible
In the elbow, how many articulations are enclosed in a common capsule? A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four
C) Three
The lateral projection of the abdomen is useful in demonstrating the: (1) Prevertebral space occupied by the abdominal aorta (2) Intraabdominal calcifications (3) Tumor masses A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following positioning maneuvers are used to prevent distortion and rotation in the PA projection of the chest? (1) Placing the midcoronal plane (MCP) parallel to the IR (2) Placing the midsagittal plane (MSP) perpendicular to the IR (3) Instructing the patient to distribute weight equally on both feet when standing upright A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following issues are addressed in the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) Code of Ethics? (1) Quality of care (2) Confidentiality (3) Continuing education A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 2 and 3 only D) 1, 2, and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3
For the mortise joint to be demonstrated, the ankle must be positioned in: A) Anatomic position B) 45-degree medial oblique C) 45-degree lateral oblique D) 15- to 20-degree medial oblique
D) 15 - to 20-degree medial oblique
The humeral head and greater tubercle are demonstrated in profile on the: A) AP oblique projection (Grashey method) B) Inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence method) C) AP projection of the shoulder in internal rotation D) AP projection of the shoulder in external rotation
D) AP projection of the shoulder in external rotation
In the AP projection of the scapula, the affected upper limb is: A) By the side of the body in a neutral position B) Internally rotated 45 degrees C) Externally rotated as much as possible D) Abducted to a right angle
D) Abducted to a right angle
On the AP oblique projection of the elbow in lateral rotation, the plane of the humeral epicondyles is positioned: A) Parallel with the image receptor B) Perpendicular to the image receptor C) At a 45-degree angle, with the medial epicondyle closer to the image receptor D) At a 45-degree angle, with the lateral epicondyle closer to the image receptor
D) At a 45-degree angle, with the lateral epicondyle closer to the IR
The lower, oblique, concave aspect of the lung is termed the: A) Apex B) Costophrenic angle C) Hilum D) Base
D) Base
The gonion of the mandible is at the same level as: A) C1 B) C4-C5 C) T1-T2 D) C2-C3
D) C2-C3
The tangential projection (Gaynor-Hart method) is used to demonstrate the: A) Scaphoid carpal B) Olecranon process C) Carpometacarpal joint of the first digit D) Carpal canal
D) Carpal canal
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis? A) Synarthroses and gliding B) Fibrous and gomphosis C) Diarthroses and synovial D) Cartilaginous and amphiarthroses
D) Cartilaginous and amphiarthroses
In which fracture type is the overlying skin intact? A) Compound B) Greenstick C) Open D) Closed
D) Closed
The tool that limits the amount of tissue exposed to the primary x-ray beam is the: A) Source-to-image receptor distance (SID) B) Filtration C) Grid D) Collimation
D) Collimation
What anatomy must be demonstrated on the upright AP projection of the abdomen? A) Pubic symphysis B) Superimposed iliac crests C) Open lumbar intervertebral foramina D) Diaphragm
D) Diaphragm
Displacement of a bone from the joint space is termed: A) Tendinitis B) Hill-Sachs defect C) Subluxation D) Dislocation
D) Dislocation
All of the following neoplasms are malignant bone tumors, except: A) Osteosarcoma B) Ewing sarcoma C) Chondrosarcoma D) Enchondroma
D) Enchondroma
All of the following are located within the mediastinum except for the: A) Great vessels B) Thymus C) Trachea D) Epiglottis
D) Epiglottis
All of the following structures are part of the respiratory system except the: A) Trachea B) Pharynx C) Bronchi D) Esophagus
D) Esophagus
The sternum is classified as a: A) Long bone B) Short bone C) Irregular bone D) Flat bone
D) Flat bone
The palpable process on the proximal lateral femur is the: A) Head B) Lateral epicondyle C) Lesser trochanter D) Greater trochanter
D) Greater trochanter
Which of the following conditions requires an increase in exposure? A) Pneumothorax B) Emphysema C) Emaciation D) Hydrocephalus
D) Hydrocephalus
The least common body habitus type is: A) Sthenic B) Hyposthenic C) Asthenic D) Hypersthenic
D) Hypersthenic
Which projection is used to demonstrate the hip joint and the relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum? A) AP oblique projection of the acetabulum (Judet method), internal oblique position B) AP oblique projection of the acetabulum (Judet method), external oblique position C) AP projection of the pelvis D) Lateral projection of the hip (Lauenstein and Hickey methods)
D) Lateral projection of the hip (Lauenstein and Hickey methods)
Which pathologic condition of the pelvis and proximal femora is characterized by flattening of the femoral head and is caused by vascular interruption? A) Ankylosing spondylitis B) Congenital hip dysplasia C) Paget's disease D) Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
D) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
A breathing technique requires the use of: A) High mA and short exposure time B) High mA and long exposure time C) Low mA and short exposure time D) Low mA and long exposure time
D) Low mA and long exposure time
To ensure demonstration of the diaphragm on the upright AP projection of the abdomen, the central ray and image receptor are centered at the level of the: A) MSP at the level of the iliac crests B) MCP at the level of the iliac crests C) MCP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests D) MSP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests
D) MSP at a level 2 inches (5 cm) above the iliac crests
All of the following criteria are used to evaluate the AP oblique foot in medial rotation except: A) Lateral tarsometatarsal and intertarsal joints open B) Tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal visible C) Equal amount of space between the shafts of the second through fifth metatarsals D) Open joint space between medial and intermediate cuneiforms
D) Open joint space between medial and intermediate cuneiforms
A benign lesion of cortical bone is called: A) Osteoclastoma B) Ewing's sarcoma C) Chondrosarcoma D) Osteoid osteoma
D) Osteoid osteoma
Which of the following projections best demonstrates free intraperitoneal air in the abdomen of a patient who is too ill to stand? A) PA projection, upright position B) AP projection, supine position C) AP projection, left lateral decubitus D) PA projection, right lateral decubitus
D) PA projection, right lateral decubitus
The lower, smaller cavity within the abdomen is the: A) Abdominal cavity B) Peritoneal cavity C) Retroperitoneal cavity D) Pelvic cavity
D) Pelvic cavity
Which of the following projections is not normally performed as part of the acute abdominal series? A) AP supine abdomen B) AP erect abdomen C) PA erect chest D) Right lateral decubitus
D) Right lateral decubitus
Which of the following positioning techniques will remove the scapulae from the lung fields for a PA projection of the chest? A) Resting the backs of hands low on the hips B) Having the patient inspire deeply C) Positioning the midcoronal plane parallel with the image receptor D) Rolling the shoulders forward
D) Rolling the shoulders forward
Refer to the image of the fracture below. What type of fracture is demonstrated? A) Compound B) Transverse C) Nondisplaced D) Spiral
D) Spiral
Which positioning maneuver prevents the radius and ulna from crossing over each other in the AP projection of the forearm? A) Placing the humeral epicondyles parallel with the image receptor B) Extending the elbow C) Placing the upper extremity in the same plane D) Supinating the hand
D) Supinating the hand
Why must the arms be positioned at a right angle to the body for the lateral projection of the chest? A) To place the clavicles above the apices B) To place the hilum at the center of the collimated field C) To remove the scapulae from the lung fields D) To remove the arms and associated soft tissues from the lung fields
D) To remove the arms and associated soft tissues from the lung fields
What anatomic structure is located at the center of the first imaginary line drawn in the hip localization method? A) Femoral head B) Femoral neck C) Greater trochanter D) Top of the acetabular dome
D) Top of the acetabular dome
The carpal bone that is located in the distal row and articulates with the first metacarpal is the: A) Pisiform B) Scaphoid C) Hamate D) Trapezium
D) Trapezium
True or False: Sharing a patient's clinical history with another health care professional who is involved in the patient's care is allowed under the ASRT Code of Ethics.
True
True or False: The right primary bronchus is wider and more vertically oriented than the left bronchus.
True
