First Aid Randoms

Cholesterol

A fatty substance made by the body and found in certain foods, too much in the blood can cause fatty deposits on artery walls that may restrict or block blood flow.

Muscle

A fibrous tissue that is able to contract, allowing and causing movement of organs and body parts

Body system

A group of organs and other structures that work together to carry out specific functions

Heart Attack

A sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue when it does not receive oxygen-rich blood, also known as myocardial infarction

Rescue breathing

A technique of breathing for a non-breathing child or infant.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A technique that combines chest compressions and rescue breathing for a victim whose heart and breathing have stopped

just like the forearm, this fx can be disguised because of a natural splint

lower leg because of 2 bones

usually mistaken for a sprain

lower leg fx

burn first aid

maintain airway and control bleeding, treat for shock, remove jewelry, cover pt to protect from hypothermia. do not remove melted clothing

a "clue" in first aid includes ___________

medi alert bracelets, tatoos, empty pill bottles etc

priority 3

minor injuries, soft tissue injuries, simple fractures and minor to moderate burns

class 1

minor treatments, ambulatory

Life-threatening conditions

unconsciousness, trouble breathing, no signs of life and severe bleeding.

boil

used when chemicals are unavailable -need fuel to boil -time -needs residual protection -rolling boil for 15 seconds

how will the pt present if they have a thigh fracture

usually with toes pointed outward

Veins

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from all parts of the body to the heart.

Coronary arteries

Blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood

Take a normal breath and blow into the person's mouth ______________________________________

Blowing just enough to make the chest clearly rise

Cynaotic

Bluish discoloration of the skin around the mouth or the fingertips resulting from a lack of oxygen in the blood.

Pulse Check for Infant

Brachial Pulse in upper arm on side closer to you

The nervous system includes:

Brain and Spinal Cord

If a child or infant's heart is not beating it is usually due to a?

Breathing emergency

Nonfeasance is: a. performing without consent b. failure to act properly c. failure to perform d. none of the above

C

If an ADULT is not breathing normally, what do you do next?

CPR

Mechanical airway obstruction

Complete or partial blockage of the airway by a foreign object, such as a piece of food or a small toy,,or by fluids such as vomit or blood.

Anatomical airway obstruction

Complete or partial blockage of the airway by the tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth and throat.

Airway obstruction

Complete or partial blockage of the airway, which prevents air from reaching a person's lungs, the most common cause of respiratory emergencies

Risk factors

Conditions or behaviors that increase the chance that a person will develop a disease.

what happens if you move a seriously injured PT too early

life threatening injuries can be caused

Asystole

A condition where the heart has stopped generating electrical activity

Bone

A dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton.

A severe allergic reaction can cause:

Anaphylactic shock

Atherosclerosis

A condition in which fatty deposits build up on the walls of the artieries

Cardiac arrest

A condition in which the heart has stopped beating or beats too ineffectively to generate a pulse

types of carries

-fireman-oneman arms carry-saddle back carry-pack strap-pistol belt carry(hands free)-oneman support

calcium hypochlorite

1 ampule, leave 1/2 in air space, wait 30 min

Rescue breathing for the child victim is:

1 breath every 3 seconds

Rescue breathing for the adult victim is:

1 breath every 5 seconds

iodine

1 tablet clear water 2 tablet cloudy water put tab;et in, wait 5 min, loosen cap and shake, wait 25 min, total of 30 min

first aid for heat cramps

1 tsp salt with liter of water, massage

Normal rescue breathing for the average adult is

12 breaths per minute

epidermal layer, red and tingling, sensitive to touch and blanches, heals in a week

1st degree

cathole

1x hole, used on the march

If a CHILD or INFANT is not breathing normally, what do you do next?

2 rescue breaths

In general, males are more likely than females to die of any type of injury. This is about ______ times more likely.

2.5

how many pressure points

22, 11 each side: seldom maintained over 15 min

splint lower leg

3 splints, one under neath and one on each side

full thickness extends to muscle, fatty tissue and bone. nerves destroyed

3rd

shock and uria

3rd

straddle trench

4 ft long, 1 ft wide 2.5 ft deep -cover with a shovel full of dirt after each use -1-3 day site

A victim not breathing may incur possible brain damage in _____ minutes if breaths are not given?

4-6

time span for permanent brain damage

4-6 minutes

splint a thigh

5 ties; around ankle, over knee, just below hip, pelvis, armpit

Head injuries make up _____ percent of fatalities from bicycling without a helmet?

75

Motor vehicle-related deaths are responsible for nearly ____ percent of all injury deaths in teens.

80

All except one of the following are signs of irreversible shock: a. blood pressure increases b. blood pools in the extremities c. blood is diverted from organs to heart and brain d. liver and kidneys die

A

Spinal Cord

A bundle of nerves extending from the brain at the base of the skull to the lower back: protected by the spinal column

Tissue

A collection of similar cells that act together to perform specific body functions

Organ

A collection of similar tissues acting together to perform specific body functions

Respiratory arrest

A condition in which breathing has stop

Respiratory distress

A condition in which breathing is difficult

Heart

A muscular organ that circulates blood throughout the body.

Lungs

A pair of light, spongy organs in the chest that provide the mechanism for taking oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide during breathing.

Nerve

A part of the nervous system that sends impulses to and from the brain and all body parts

First responder

A person trained in emergency care that may be called on to give such care as a routine part of his or her job.

Non-life threatening emergency

A situation that does not have an immediate impact on a victim's ability to circulate oxygenated blood, but still requires medical attention.

One situation that would require an immediate call to 999 or 112 EMS personnel is:

A victim who is unconscious. or multiple casualty situation

Respiratory Arrest

A victim who stops breathing

List 4 basic steps for caring for shock

A. Lie person down B. Control external bleeding C. Maintain normal body temperature D. Reassure person

List signals of shock

A. Restlessness or irratibility B. Altered level consciousness C. Nausea or vomiting D. Pale, ashen skin E. Rapid breathing and pulse F. Excessive thirsts

what does the primary survey consist of

ABCDE

sequence of primary survey

ABCDE, status decision and transport decision in 10 mins

CHECKING FOR LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE CHECK FOR LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS INCLUDE: Unconsciousness,,,Trouble breathing....No signs of life.(Normal breathing or movement)and, for children and infants, no pulse......Severe bleeding.

CARE FIRST SITUATION...

ARE likely to be related to breathing emergencies rather than sudden cardiac arrest. In these situations provide (ABCs) through rescue breaths and chest compressions, as appropriate.

The rate for rescue breathing for a child is:

About 20 breaths per minute

To give care, you obtain a victim'0s consent. The conscious victim gives what type of consent:

Actual Consent

If an unconscious child or infant is not breathing

After giving 2 rescue breaths, perform CPR

Gastric distention may occur during rescue breathing from:

Air entering the stomach instead of the lungs

Which of the following is a factors affecting the risk of injury?

All are risk factors

Management of shock includes all but one of the following:

Allow victim to move around freely

Minimize movement of the head _________________________________________

And neck when opening the airway

Unconscious Victim CALL FIRST:

Always life-threatening condition... Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency immediately...WHETHER .. AN unconscious adult victim or adolescent age 12 or older,,,,,An unconscious infant of child known to be high risk for heart problems....A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant

Modern automobiles are equipped with more safety devices than ever. The easiest way to prevent injury in a motor vehicle accident is (to):

Always wearing a safety belt

Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)

An abnormal heart rhythm characterized by disorganized electrical activity, which results in the quivering of the ventricles

Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)

An abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid contractions of the ventricles

Defibrillation

An electrical shock that disrupts the electrical activity of the heart long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own.

Life-threatening emergency

An illness or injury that impairs a victim's ability to circulate oxygenated blood to all the parts of his or her body.

Stoma

An opening in the front of the neck through which a person whose larynx has been removed breathes.

CALL FIRST SITUATION

Are likely to be CARDIAC EMERGENCIES, SUCH AS: SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST, WHERE TIME IS CRITICAL.

To give rescue breaths, make an airtight seal with your lips ________________________________________

Around the stoma or tracheostomy tube and blow in for about 1 second to make the chest clearly rise

A vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is

Artery

Which term is used to describe foreign material getting into the lungs?

Aspiration

After 1 minute of rescue breathing, you check a child?s pulse. The child victim still has a pulse but is still not breathing. What should you do? a. Continue rescue breathing by giving 2 breaths every 3 seconds b. Continue rescue breathing by giving 1 breath every 3 seconds c. stop rescue breathing for 1 minute d. Re-tilt the head further back

B

Which of the following can cause anaphylactic shock? a. Bleeding b. Bee sting c. Heart Attack d. All of the above

B

Air in the Stomach

Be careful to avoid forcing air into the persons stomach instead of the lungs

If an unconscious adult is not breathing or is agonal breathing

Begin CPR

If possible, open the person's mouth ___________________________________

Between rescue breaths to let the air out

The most important action a citizen responder can take is:

Call 911 or EMS

The stage of shock in which the body can recover on its own if no further complications arise is

Compensatory shock

In most cases if an adult is not breathing, you can assume that the problem is a?

Cardiac emergency

A type of shock, which is a result of damage or injury to the heart itself, is ________ ________

Cardiogenic shock

Which body system(s) has an overall failure caused by shock

Cardiovascular

Pulse Check for Child

Carotid arteries located in the neck take no more than 10 seconds to feel for the pulse on the side closer to you

Where do you check the pulse on a child?

Carotid artery

After giving your first cycle or one minute of rescue breathing to an unconscious adult victim, what should you do?

Check for a pulse

If you are alone on the scene and the adult victim is determined to be unconscious, which of the following should you do?

Check for breathing, reposition the victim to manage the airway ie recovery position and call 999 or 112 EMS

After giving the initial cycle of rescue breaths to an infant, your next response is to:

Check for pulse

Mouth-to-Stoma

Check persons neck to see if he or she breaths through a stoma

The correct order of the three basic steps you should take in any emergency is?

Check the scene and victim, care for the victim, call 911

Angina pectoris

Chest pain that comes and goes at different times, commonly associated with cardiovascular disease

Once the airway is open you need to check for breathing. You need to LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL for breathing. What are you LOOKING for? What are you LISTENING for? What are you FEELING for?

Chest rises or falls; escaping air; side of face

C

Circulation, irreversible brain damage in 4-6 min and cell death in 10 min

Blood and vessels are part of which system?

Circulatory system

The first four links in the EMS system in order are the:

Citizen responder, EMS dispatcher, first responder, EMT

In general, Good Samaritan laws protect:

Citizen responders who provide care

The person responsible for bringing the Red Cross to the United States was:

Clara Barton

If the person is bleeding severely ________________ by ______________

Control bleeding; applying direct pressure

Which of the following is included in the care for shock? a. Controlling body temperature when needed b. Monitoring airway, breathing, and circulation c. Helping the victim rest comfortably d. All of the above

D

Which would you do first to you determine a person is not breathing? a. put your ear to the chest to listen for breathing b. feel for a pulse on the neck c. perform the head-tilt-chin-lift technique d. look, listen, and feel for breathing

D

Injury

Damage that occurs when the body is subjected to an external force. such as a blow, a fall, a collision, an electrical current or temperature extremes.

Drowning Give 2 rescue breaths as you would for a child or infant once you __________________________. If alone, you should ___________________________________

Determine the person is not breathing; give 2 minutes of care before calling 911

When checking a conscious ADULT victim you check them from ________ to ______

Head; toe

A respiratory disease that the lungs and alveoli lose their ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen is:

Emphysema

The body system that works to provide hormones and other substances into the blood and onto the skin:

Endocrine

When you give rescue breaths, how much air should you breathe into the victim?

Enough to make the chest rise. depending on the age, size of victim

An illness, which is a bacterial infection that causes swelling of the tissues around the throat and epiglottis, is called:

Epiglottitis

Vomiting

Even when you are giving rescue breaths properly the person may vomit

The fourth leading cause of injury related death in all ages in the United States is.

Falls

True (a) or False (b). The presence of bystanders is not in the list of barriers to action

False

Injuries claim more lives during the ______ year of a child's life than any other year of life.

First

The first person to arrive on the scene that is trained to provide a higher level of care is:

First responder

While eating dinner, a friend suddenly starts to cough weakly then makes a high-pitched noise and stops breathing. What should you do?

Give 5 back slaps if this is not effective use abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged or he becomes unconscious then start cpr

Don't forget to _________ yourself and get the person's _________ to give _________

Identify; consent; care

Mouth-to-Nose

If you are unable to make a tight enough seal over the persons mouth, you can blow into the nose

Recovery Position

If you must leave the scene to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency # carefully position an unconscious victim on one side in case he or she vomits while you are gone. ROLL the victim onto his or her side, and bend the top leg and move it forward. Position the head and neck so that the face is angled toward the ground. Avoid twisting the neck and back as you roll the victim onto his or her side. If you suspect a head, neck or back injury do not move the victim unnecessarily

First aid

Immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained.

When you care for a victim who is unconscious or too ill to respond to your request for consent, you are acting on:

Implied Consent

Aspirate

Inhalation of blood, vomit or other foreign material into the lungs

The skin, hair, and nails are part of which system?

Integumentary system

How do you check someone who is conscious but does not have life-threatening conditions?

Interview the person and bystanders and then check the person from head to toe

The first thing you should do when interviewing a victim of injury is to:

Introduce yourself and gain the victim's consent

CHECKING SCENE

Is the scene safe..What happened...How many victims are there...Are bystanders available to help

How far should you tilt an infant's head back while performing rescue breathing?

Just far enough for the breaths to go in

If an unconscious person is breathing normally

Keep the person lying face-up and maintain an open airway with the head-tilt/chin-lift technique

The first step in an activity, to significantly reducing your risk of personal injury is to:

Know your risk ie. check scene safety

Arteries

Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Good Samaritan laws

Laws that protect people who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return.

Implied consent

Legal concept that assumes a person would consent to receive emergency care if he or she were physically able to do so.

An unconscious person must be checked carefully for signs of breathing. Your process should be to:

Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing for about 5 seconds

Signs of Life

Normal breathing or movement.

Seal your mouth around the person's ________________

Nose and breathe into the nose

Indirect contact transmission

Occurs when a person touches objects that have the blood or body fluid of an infected person, and that infected blood or body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site

Direct contact transmission

Occurs when infected blood or body fluids from one person enter another person's body at a correct entry site.

Coronary hear disease aka(Coronary artery disease)

Occurs when the coronary arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle become hardened or narrowed from the build-up of fatty deposits

Define shock

Oxygen rich blood fails to get tissues and vital organs

rib fx

keep pt comfy and quite, use swathe to bandage arm to body @ 45 degrees, common finding is pain is localized

Consent

Permission to give care, given by the victim to the rescuer

Consent

Permission to give care, given by the victim to the rescuer.

Respiratory system includes:

Pharynx, larynx, and trachea

One of the most important functions of the integumentary system is to:

Prevent infection

Describe the HEAD-TILT/CHIN-LIFT technique

Push forehead, pull chin up

A victim is unconscious and is breathing. He or She should be placed in a position that allows fluid to drain from the mouth and airway. This position is called?

Recovery position

Rescue breathing should be performed in cases of:

Respiratory arrest

A term used when breathing becomes difficult for a victim is:__________ ____________

Respiratory distress

If you determine the scene is unsafe, you should:

Retreat and call 999 or 112 EMS personnel immediately

If this happens ______________________________

Roll the person onto one side and wipe the mouth clean

Standard precautions

Safety measures taken to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids when giving care to ill or injured persons.

A depression or overall collapse and progressive failure of the cardiovascular System is:

Shock

Why do you call 911 is someone is going into shock?

Shock cannot be damaged effectively by first aid alone

How do you check if an infant is unconscous?

Tap shoulder, scream loudly, flick bottom of foot

Head-tilt/chin-lift technique

Technique used to open a victim's airway by pushing down on the forehead while pulling up on the bony part of the jaw.

Remove anything covering the stoma ______________________________________

That blocks the persons airway. Also wipe away an secretions or blockages

Unconscious Victim CARE FIRST:

That is, give 2 minutes of care, then call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for: An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person younger than 12 years old... Any victim of a Drowning

When septic shock occurs, where does the blood pool?

The arms and legs

Cells

The basic units of all living tissue.

Pulse

The beat you feel with each heart contraction

Brain

The center of the nervous system: controls all body functions.

Personal protective equipment

The equipment and supplies that help prevent the rescuer from directly contacting infected materials

Fractured upper arm

splint wound across chest

Disease transmission

The passage of a disease from one person to another.

Airway

The pathway for air from the mouth and nose to the lungs

Air in the stomach can make __________________

The person vomit and cause complications

When would mouth to nose breathing be used during rescue breathing for an adult?

The person's mouth is tightly shut or injured and will not open

Barriers to action

The presence of bystander.......Uncertainty about the victim......The nature of the injury or illness....Fear of disease trransmission....Fear of not knowing what to do or of doing something wrong...Being unsure of when to call 911.

Which part of the EMS system cares for the victim, getting them back to the previous state of health?

The rehabilitation providers

An anatomical airway obstruction can be caused by:

The tongue

Skin

The tough, supple membrane that covers the surface of the body

The contributing factor involved in nearly 50% of all motor vehicle accidents is:

The use and/or abuse of alcohol

Cyanosis

The victim's skin, particularly the lips and under the nails, may have a blue tint

How can you tell if someone is unconscious?

They aren't responding

Overcoming barriers

Thinking about these barriers and mentally preparing yourself to overcome them will help you respond more confidently when an actual emergency occurs.

Emergency action steps:

Three basic steps you should take in any emergency: CHECK-CALL-CARE-

Carefully _____________________________________

Tilt the head and lift the chin just enough to open the airway

What is the purpose of your initial head-to-toe examination of the victim?

To determine if any life-threatening conditions exist that need immediate attention other than the ones yuo see straight off

Pulse Check for Child and infant

To find if heart is beating, check for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds. To check signs of Life look for normal breathing or movement, then check for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds for children and infants if no breathing or movement is found.

When checking a conscious CHILD or INFANT you check them from _______ to _______

Toe; head

A victim who is unconscious and lying on his or her back could stop breathing if the victim's:

Tongue falls to the back of his or her throat

Respiratory Distress

Trouble breathing

Types of Emergencies

Two types......Sudden illness and injury.....

CHECKING VICTIM

Unconsciousness......Trouble breathing.....No signs of Life(normal breathing or movement) and, for Children and Infants, no pulse......Severe bleeding .... make to get CONSENT form conscious adult before you begin to give care on conscious adult

Emergency Moves

Walking Assist,,,Pack-strap.....Two-person seat carry....Clothes drag

Reducing your risk of injury while at play is most easily accomplished by:

Wearing the correct clothing and protective equipment

You are approaching the victim of an automobile accident and the victim becomes uncooperative and threatens to hurt you. What should you do?

Withdraw and wait for EMS to arrive

Circulatory system

Works with the respiratory system to carry oxygen-rich blood to every body cell.

ALONE SITUATION

YOU SHOULD CALL FIRST-911 BEFORE GIVING CARE FOR: an unconscious adult victim or adolescent age 12 or older. A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant....An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart problems

Which of the following is not considered a barrier to action in an emergency?

Your lack of first aid equipment

Sudden illness

a physical condition that requires immediate medical attention. Some EXAMPLES include: heart attack and a severe allergic reaction.

nothing to drink, monitor for shock,

abdominal wound

A

airway; an obstructed airway leads to respiratory arrest and death

Bacterial meningitis and tetanus

are examples of diseases caused by bacteria

character position of pt with clavicle fx

arm across chest supporting elbow

You work in a chemical laboratory and someone is conducting experiments in the next room. You hear a "pop" noise and the crash of glass. As you approach the lab door you notice a foul smell coming from under the door. You shout through the closed door but get no answer. What should you do next

avoid entering the room as the fumes might be harmful to you and call 999 or 112 EMS

B

breathing, respiratory arrest quickly leads to cardiac arrest

dry heat

burn

extremities are susceptible to freezing, death as body temp reaches 80 degrees

hypothermia

Bacteria and Viruses

cause infectious diseases,,including the common cold

non tactical sorting

class

pt presents with a shoulder lower then another

clavicle fx

With the head tilted back, ________________________

close the mouth by pushing on the chin

pain relief of burn

cold compress, morphine

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or (CPR)

combination of compressions and breaths

secondary survey

complete detailed assessment with a subjective interview and objective exam

tourniquet

constricting band, last resort, tight enough to cut off blood but no tighter

treat hypothermia

control injuries, remove clothing, rapid rewarm at 100-105, observe for respiratory failure, give CPR, give warm liquids

first aid for heat exhaustion

cool area, cool pt, watch for hypothermia, salt water

first aid of heat stroke

cool immediately until rectal temp 102 temp check every 10 min

priority 1

correctable life threatening illnesses; respiratory arrest, open chest or abdomen

priority 4

dead or fatally injured

class 4

dead or needs extensive treatment

tissue is totally hard and there is no movement

deep frostbite

class 3

definitive treatment can be delayed with out loss of life or limb

how is seriousness of a burn measured

depth, extent, location, age and health, medical conditions

D

disability, asses level of consciousness and apply rigid collar

what are the steps in a multi-victim scenario

do ABCs and control hemmorrhage; need oxygen in the system ASAP.

general cooling of the body

hypothermia

shivering, drowsiness, unconscious

hypothermia

E

expose, you cant treat what you haven't found

protect airway and prevent aspiration

facial wound

treat clavicle fx

figure 8 bandage to secure forearm across chest

where is water drawn

from upstream

ice crystals form under the skin 32 degrees or less

frost bite

most common on the face and extremities, skin reddens, then numb, then ice crystals, skin turns yellow or white

frost bite

Pathogen

germ

first aid for immersion foot

get victim off feet, remove shoes and socks, expose to warm dry air, don't rupture blisters

never give meds for this wound and watch for vomiting

head

caused by excessive sweat or drinking too much cold water too quickly

heat cramps

gray and pale, cool and clammy skin, dilated pupils,

heat exhaustion

most common heat injury

heat exhaustion

20 % mortality rate

heat stroke

dry, red, hot skin, constricted pupils, 105 temp, strong fast pulse, deep rapid breathing, progressing to shallow absent

heat stroke

class 2

immediate life sustaining treatment/ moderate injuries

litter pt, results from prolonged exposure to to wet cold temps from 33-50 degrees

immersion foot

where is the preliminary exam done

in the spot the patient is found unless contraindicated

Citizen Responders role:

includes: Recognizing that an emergency exists. Deciding to act. Taking action by calling 911 or the local emergency number. Giving care until medical help arrives.

Non-Life threatening conditions

interview the victim and any bystanders and perform a head to toe examination(toe-to-head for a child or infant) to find and care for any other injuries.

Injury

is damage to the body from an external force, such as a broken bone from a fall.

if burn is over 20%

iv fluid

what is the first aid for a sucking chest wound

occlusive dressing, place in fowlers or semi fowlers or lay on affected side

Hyperventilation

occurs when breathing is faster than normal

signs and symptoms of shock

pale/ashen skin, cool clammy skin, pulse is rapid, weak and thready; glassy dull eyes, pupils dilated (may be morphine induced) breathing rapid and labored at first then shallow and irregular

important point about triage

triage is an ongoing process, reassess

how can a strecher be improvised

poncho and poles

best way to control external bleeding

pressure dressing

main artery crosses a bone

pressure point

tactical sorting

priority

treatment for frostbite

protect injury, rapid thaw, be ready for circulatory injuries and prevent from refreezing

how to perform triage

quickly assess pt and assign a priority or class for receiving treatment

primary survey

rapid initial exam followed by status decision

moist heat

scald

epidermal blisters, mottled appearance with red base. extends but not through dermis, heals 2-3 weeks may have weeping

second degree

priority 2

serious but non-threatning; moderate blood loss, open and multi fracture, eye injury

Anaphylactic Shock

severe allergic reaction

worst chest wound

sucking chest wound; requires immediate first aid

surface skin hardens but underlying tissue is moveable

superficial frost bite

Arrival at scene

take charge, be organized, remain calm and act quickly

CARE FIRST SITUATION

that is, provide 2 MINUTES OF CARE, THEN CALL 911 OR THE LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBER FOR AN * Unconscious victim younger than age 12 when the collapse has not been witnessed.. *Any victim of a drowning

attempting to move this fracture causes muscle spasms and intense pain

thigh fracture

triage meaning

to sort

a symptom is_________________________

what the casualty experiences, feels eg weak giddy nausea

When caring for a victim of a medical emergency, you look for signs and symptoms of what may be wrong with the victim. A sign is:

what you can see (observe) about the victim's condition

Infection

when pathogens enter the body, they can sometimes overpower the body's natural defense systems and cause illness.

when do you straighten a fracture

when there is no distal pulse present

Bystanders can be of great help which include:

you can ask them to call for , meet and direct the ambulance, keep the area free of unnecessary traffic,, or help you give first,, you might send them for blankets or other supplies, they may even have valuable information about what happened or may know the victim's medical history. Bystanders can also help comfort the victim and others at the scene.