First Aid Randoms
Cholesterol
A fatty substance made by the body and found in certain foods, too much in the blood can cause fatty deposits on artery walls that may restrict or block blood flow.
Muscle
A fibrous tissue that is able to contract, allowing and causing movement of organs and body parts
Body system
A group of organs and other structures that work together to carry out specific functions
Heart Attack
A sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue when it does not receive oxygen-rich blood, also known as myocardial infarction
Rescue breathing
A technique of breathing for a non-breathing child or infant.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
A technique that combines chest compressions and rescue breathing for a victim whose heart and breathing have stopped
just like the forearm, this fx can be disguised because of a natural splint
lower leg because of 2 bones
usually mistaken for a sprain
lower leg fx
burn first aid
maintain airway and control bleeding, treat for shock, remove jewelry, cover pt to protect from hypothermia. do not remove melted clothing
a "clue" in first aid includes ___________
medi alert bracelets, tatoos, empty pill bottles etc
priority 3
minor injuries, soft tissue injuries, simple fractures and minor to moderate burns
class 1
minor treatments, ambulatory
Life-threatening conditions
unconsciousness, trouble breathing, no signs of life and severe bleeding.
boil
used when chemicals are unavailable -need fuel to boil -time -needs residual protection -rolling boil for 15 seconds
how will the pt present if they have a thigh fracture
usually with toes pointed outward
Veins
Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from all parts of the body to the heart.
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood
Take a normal breath and blow into the person's mouth ______________________________________
Blowing just enough to make the chest clearly rise
Cynaotic
Bluish discoloration of the skin around the mouth or the fingertips resulting from a lack of oxygen in the blood.
Pulse Check for Infant
Brachial Pulse in upper arm on side closer to you
The nervous system includes:
Brain and Spinal Cord
If a child or infant's heart is not beating it is usually due to a?
Breathing emergency
Nonfeasance is: a. performing without consent b. failure to act properly c. failure to perform d. none of the above
C
If an ADULT is not breathing normally, what do you do next?
CPR
Mechanical airway obstruction
Complete or partial blockage of the airway by a foreign object, such as a piece of food or a small toy,,or by fluids such as vomit or blood.
Anatomical airway obstruction
Complete or partial blockage of the airway by the tongue or swollen tissues of the mouth and throat.
Airway obstruction
Complete or partial blockage of the airway, which prevents air from reaching a person's lungs, the most common cause of respiratory emergencies
Risk factors
Conditions or behaviors that increase the chance that a person will develop a disease.
what happens if you move a seriously injured PT too early
life threatening injuries can be caused
Asystole
A condition where the heart has stopped generating electrical activity
Bone
A dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton.
A severe allergic reaction can cause:
Anaphylactic shock
Atherosclerosis
A condition in which fatty deposits build up on the walls of the artieries
Cardiac arrest
A condition in which the heart has stopped beating or beats too ineffectively to generate a pulse
types of carries
-fireman-oneman arms carry-saddle back carry-pack strap-pistol belt carry(hands free)-oneman support
calcium hypochlorite
1 ampule, leave 1/2 in air space, wait 30 min
Rescue breathing for the child victim is:
1 breath every 3 seconds
Rescue breathing for the adult victim is:
1 breath every 5 seconds
iodine
1 tablet clear water 2 tablet cloudy water put tab;et in, wait 5 min, loosen cap and shake, wait 25 min, total of 30 min
first aid for heat cramps
1 tsp salt with liter of water, massage
Normal rescue breathing for the average adult is
12 breaths per minute
epidermal layer, red and tingling, sensitive to touch and blanches, heals in a week
1st degree
cathole
1x hole, used on the march
If a CHILD or INFANT is not breathing normally, what do you do next?
2 rescue breaths
In general, males are more likely than females to die of any type of injury. This is about ______ times more likely.
2.5
how many pressure points
22, 11 each side: seldom maintained over 15 min
splint lower leg
3 splints, one under neath and one on each side
full thickness extends to muscle, fatty tissue and bone. nerves destroyed
3rd
shock and uria
3rd
straddle trench
4 ft long, 1 ft wide 2.5 ft deep -cover with a shovel full of dirt after each use -1-3 day site
A victim not breathing may incur possible brain damage in _____ minutes if breaths are not given?
4-6
time span for permanent brain damage
4-6 minutes
splint a thigh
5 ties; around ankle, over knee, just below hip, pelvis, armpit
Head injuries make up _____ percent of fatalities from bicycling without a helmet?
75
Motor vehicle-related deaths are responsible for nearly ____ percent of all injury deaths in teens.
80
All except one of the following are signs of irreversible shock: a. blood pressure increases b. blood pools in the extremities c. blood is diverted from organs to heart and brain d. liver and kidneys die
A
Spinal Cord
A bundle of nerves extending from the brain at the base of the skull to the lower back: protected by the spinal column
Tissue
A collection of similar cells that act together to perform specific body functions
Organ
A collection of similar tissues acting together to perform specific body functions
Respiratory arrest
A condition in which breathing has stop
Respiratory distress
A condition in which breathing is difficult
Heart
A muscular organ that circulates blood throughout the body.
Lungs
A pair of light, spongy organs in the chest that provide the mechanism for taking oxygen in and removing carbon dioxide during breathing.
Nerve
A part of the nervous system that sends impulses to and from the brain and all body parts
First responder
A person trained in emergency care that may be called on to give such care as a routine part of his or her job.
Non-life threatening emergency
A situation that does not have an immediate impact on a victim's ability to circulate oxygenated blood, but still requires medical attention.
One situation that would require an immediate call to 999 or 112 EMS personnel is:
A victim who is unconscious. or multiple casualty situation
Respiratory Arrest
A victim who stops breathing
List 4 basic steps for caring for shock
A. Lie person down B. Control external bleeding C. Maintain normal body temperature D. Reassure person
List signals of shock
A. Restlessness or irratibility B. Altered level consciousness C. Nausea or vomiting D. Pale, ashen skin E. Rapid breathing and pulse F. Excessive thirsts
what does the primary survey consist of
ABCDE
sequence of primary survey
ABCDE, status decision and transport decision in 10 mins
CHECKING FOR LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS
AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE CHECK FOR LIFE-THREATENING CONDITIONS INCLUDE: Unconsciousness,,,Trouble breathing....No signs of life.(Normal breathing or movement)and, for children and infants, no pulse......Severe bleeding.
CARE FIRST SITUATION...
ARE likely to be related to breathing emergencies rather than sudden cardiac arrest. In these situations provide (ABCs) through rescue breaths and chest compressions, as appropriate.
The rate for rescue breathing for a child is:
About 20 breaths per minute
To give care, you obtain a victim'0s consent. The conscious victim gives what type of consent:
Actual Consent
If an unconscious child or infant is not breathing
After giving 2 rescue breaths, perform CPR
Gastric distention may occur during rescue breathing from:
Air entering the stomach instead of the lungs
Which of the following is a factors affecting the risk of injury?
All are risk factors
Management of shock includes all but one of the following:
Allow victim to move around freely
Minimize movement of the head _________________________________________
And neck when opening the airway
Unconscious Victim CALL FIRST:
Always life-threatening condition... Call 9-1-1 or the local emergency immediately...WHETHER .. AN unconscious adult victim or adolescent age 12 or older,,,,,An unconscious infant of child known to be high risk for heart problems....A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant
Modern automobiles are equipped with more safety devices than ever. The easiest way to prevent injury in a motor vehicle accident is (to):
Always wearing a safety belt
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-fib)
An abnormal heart rhythm characterized by disorganized electrical activity, which results in the quivering of the ventricles
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach)
An abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid contractions of the ventricles
Defibrillation
An electrical shock that disrupts the electrical activity of the heart long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own.
Life-threatening emergency
An illness or injury that impairs a victim's ability to circulate oxygenated blood to all the parts of his or her body.
Stoma
An opening in the front of the neck through which a person whose larynx has been removed breathes.
CALL FIRST SITUATION
Are likely to be CARDIAC EMERGENCIES, SUCH AS: SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST, WHERE TIME IS CRITICAL.
To give rescue breaths, make an airtight seal with your lips ________________________________________
Around the stoma or tracheostomy tube and blow in for about 1 second to make the chest clearly rise
A vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is
Artery
Which term is used to describe foreign material getting into the lungs?
Aspiration
After 1 minute of rescue breathing, you check a child?s pulse. The child victim still has a pulse but is still not breathing. What should you do? a. Continue rescue breathing by giving 2 breaths every 3 seconds b. Continue rescue breathing by giving 1 breath every 3 seconds c. stop rescue breathing for 1 minute d. Re-tilt the head further back
B
Which of the following can cause anaphylactic shock? a. Bleeding b. Bee sting c. Heart Attack d. All of the above
B
Air in the Stomach
Be careful to avoid forcing air into the persons stomach instead of the lungs
If an unconscious adult is not breathing or is agonal breathing
Begin CPR
If possible, open the person's mouth ___________________________________
Between rescue breaths to let the air out
The most important action a citizen responder can take is:
Call 911 or EMS
The stage of shock in which the body can recover on its own if no further complications arise is
Compensatory shock
In most cases if an adult is not breathing, you can assume that the problem is a?
Cardiac emergency
A type of shock, which is a result of damage or injury to the heart itself, is ________ ________
Cardiogenic shock
Which body system(s) has an overall failure caused by shock
Cardiovascular
Pulse Check for Child
Carotid arteries located in the neck take no more than 10 seconds to feel for the pulse on the side closer to you
Where do you check the pulse on a child?
Carotid artery
After giving your first cycle or one minute of rescue breathing to an unconscious adult victim, what should you do?
Check for a pulse
If you are alone on the scene and the adult victim is determined to be unconscious, which of the following should you do?
Check for breathing, reposition the victim to manage the airway ie recovery position and call 999 or 112 EMS
After giving the initial cycle of rescue breaths to an infant, your next response is to:
Check for pulse
Mouth-to-Stoma
Check persons neck to see if he or she breaths through a stoma
The correct order of the three basic steps you should take in any emergency is?
Check the scene and victim, care for the victim, call 911
Angina pectoris
Chest pain that comes and goes at different times, commonly associated with cardiovascular disease
Once the airway is open you need to check for breathing. You need to LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL for breathing. What are you LOOKING for? What are you LISTENING for? What are you FEELING for?
Chest rises or falls; escaping air; side of face
C
Circulation, irreversible brain damage in 4-6 min and cell death in 10 min
Blood and vessels are part of which system?
Circulatory system
The first four links in the EMS system in order are the:
Citizen responder, EMS dispatcher, first responder, EMT
In general, Good Samaritan laws protect:
Citizen responders who provide care
The person responsible for bringing the Red Cross to the United States was:
Clara Barton
If the person is bleeding severely ________________ by ______________
Control bleeding; applying direct pressure
Which of the following is included in the care for shock? a. Controlling body temperature when needed b. Monitoring airway, breathing, and circulation c. Helping the victim rest comfortably d. All of the above
D
Which would you do first to you determine a person is not breathing? a. put your ear to the chest to listen for breathing b. feel for a pulse on the neck c. perform the head-tilt-chin-lift technique d. look, listen, and feel for breathing
D
Injury
Damage that occurs when the body is subjected to an external force. such as a blow, a fall, a collision, an electrical current or temperature extremes.
Drowning Give 2 rescue breaths as you would for a child or infant once you __________________________. If alone, you should ___________________________________
Determine the person is not breathing; give 2 minutes of care before calling 911
When checking a conscious ADULT victim you check them from ________ to ______
Head; toe
A respiratory disease that the lungs and alveoli lose their ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen is:
Emphysema
The body system that works to provide hormones and other substances into the blood and onto the skin:
Endocrine
When you give rescue breaths, how much air should you breathe into the victim?
Enough to make the chest rise. depending on the age, size of victim
An illness, which is a bacterial infection that causes swelling of the tissues around the throat and epiglottis, is called:
Epiglottitis
Vomiting
Even when you are giving rescue breaths properly the person may vomit
The fourth leading cause of injury related death in all ages in the United States is.
Falls
True (a) or False (b). The presence of bystanders is not in the list of barriers to action
False
Injuries claim more lives during the ______ year of a child's life than any other year of life.
First
The first person to arrive on the scene that is trained to provide a higher level of care is:
First responder
While eating dinner, a friend suddenly starts to cough weakly then makes a high-pitched noise and stops breathing. What should you do?
Give 5 back slaps if this is not effective use abdominal thrusts until the object is dislodged or he becomes unconscious then start cpr
Don't forget to _________ yourself and get the person's _________ to give _________
Identify; consent; care
Mouth-to-Nose
If you are unable to make a tight enough seal over the persons mouth, you can blow into the nose
Recovery Position
If you must leave the scene to call 9-1-1 or the local emergency # carefully position an unconscious victim on one side in case he or she vomits while you are gone. ROLL the victim onto his or her side, and bend the top leg and move it forward. Position the head and neck so that the face is angled toward the ground. Avoid twisting the neck and back as you roll the victim onto his or her side. If you suspect a head, neck or back injury do not move the victim unnecessarily
First aid
Immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained.
When you care for a victim who is unconscious or too ill to respond to your request for consent, you are acting on:
Implied Consent
Aspirate
Inhalation of blood, vomit or other foreign material into the lungs
The skin, hair, and nails are part of which system?
Integumentary system
How do you check someone who is conscious but does not have life-threatening conditions?
Interview the person and bystanders and then check the person from head to toe
The first thing you should do when interviewing a victim of injury is to:
Introduce yourself and gain the victim's consent
CHECKING SCENE
Is the scene safe..What happened...How many victims are there...Are bystanders available to help
How far should you tilt an infant's head back while performing rescue breathing?
Just far enough for the breaths to go in
If an unconscious person is breathing normally
Keep the person lying face-up and maintain an open airway with the head-tilt/chin-lift technique
The first step in an activity, to significantly reducing your risk of personal injury is to:
Know your risk ie. check scene safety
Arteries
Large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
Good Samaritan laws
Laws that protect people who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return.
Implied consent
Legal concept that assumes a person would consent to receive emergency care if he or she were physically able to do so.
An unconscious person must be checked carefully for signs of breathing. Your process should be to:
Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing for about 5 seconds
Signs of Life
Normal breathing or movement.
Seal your mouth around the person's ________________
Nose and breathe into the nose
Indirect contact transmission
Occurs when a person touches objects that have the blood or body fluid of an infected person, and that infected blood or body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site
Direct contact transmission
Occurs when infected blood or body fluids from one person enter another person's body at a correct entry site.
Coronary hear disease aka(Coronary artery disease)
Occurs when the coronary arteries that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle become hardened or narrowed from the build-up of fatty deposits
Define shock
Oxygen rich blood fails to get tissues and vital organs
rib fx
keep pt comfy and quite, use swathe to bandage arm to body @ 45 degrees, common finding is pain is localized
Consent
Permission to give care, given by the victim to the rescuer
Consent
Permission to give care, given by the victim to the rescuer.
Respiratory system includes:
Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
One of the most important functions of the integumentary system is to:
Prevent infection
Describe the HEAD-TILT/CHIN-LIFT technique
Push forehead, pull chin up
A victim is unconscious and is breathing. He or She should be placed in a position that allows fluid to drain from the mouth and airway. This position is called?
Recovery position
Rescue breathing should be performed in cases of:
Respiratory arrest
A term used when breathing becomes difficult for a victim is:__________ ____________
Respiratory distress
If you determine the scene is unsafe, you should:
Retreat and call 999 or 112 EMS personnel immediately
If this happens ______________________________
Roll the person onto one side and wipe the mouth clean
Standard precautions
Safety measures taken to prevent exposure to blood and body fluids when giving care to ill or injured persons.
A depression or overall collapse and progressive failure of the cardiovascular System is:
Shock
Why do you call 911 is someone is going into shock?
Shock cannot be damaged effectively by first aid alone
How do you check if an infant is unconscous?
Tap shoulder, scream loudly, flick bottom of foot
Head-tilt/chin-lift technique
Technique used to open a victim's airway by pushing down on the forehead while pulling up on the bony part of the jaw.
Remove anything covering the stoma ______________________________________
That blocks the persons airway. Also wipe away an secretions or blockages
Unconscious Victim CARE FIRST:
That is, give 2 minutes of care, then call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for: An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person younger than 12 years old... Any victim of a Drowning
When septic shock occurs, where does the blood pool?
The arms and legs
Cells
The basic units of all living tissue.
Pulse
The beat you feel with each heart contraction
Brain
The center of the nervous system: controls all body functions.
Personal protective equipment
The equipment and supplies that help prevent the rescuer from directly contacting infected materials
Fractured upper arm
splint wound across chest
Disease transmission
The passage of a disease from one person to another.
Airway
The pathway for air from the mouth and nose to the lungs
Air in the stomach can make __________________
The person vomit and cause complications
When would mouth to nose breathing be used during rescue breathing for an adult?
The person's mouth is tightly shut or injured and will not open
Barriers to action
The presence of bystander.......Uncertainty about the victim......The nature of the injury or illness....Fear of disease trransmission....Fear of not knowing what to do or of doing something wrong...Being unsure of when to call 911.
Which part of the EMS system cares for the victim, getting them back to the previous state of health?
The rehabilitation providers
An anatomical airway obstruction can be caused by:
The tongue
Skin
The tough, supple membrane that covers the surface of the body
The contributing factor involved in nearly 50% of all motor vehicle accidents is:
The use and/or abuse of alcohol
Cyanosis
The victim's skin, particularly the lips and under the nails, may have a blue tint
How can you tell if someone is unconscious?
They aren't responding
Overcoming barriers
Thinking about these barriers and mentally preparing yourself to overcome them will help you respond more confidently when an actual emergency occurs.
Emergency action steps:
Three basic steps you should take in any emergency: CHECK-CALL-CARE-
Carefully _____________________________________
Tilt the head and lift the chin just enough to open the airway
What is the purpose of your initial head-to-toe examination of the victim?
To determine if any life-threatening conditions exist that need immediate attention other than the ones yuo see straight off
Pulse Check for Child and infant
To find if heart is beating, check for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds. To check signs of Life look for normal breathing or movement, then check for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds for children and infants if no breathing or movement is found.
When checking a conscious CHILD or INFANT you check them from _______ to _______
Toe; head
A victim who is unconscious and lying on his or her back could stop breathing if the victim's:
Tongue falls to the back of his or her throat
Respiratory Distress
Trouble breathing
Types of Emergencies
Two types......Sudden illness and injury.....
CHECKING VICTIM
Unconsciousness......Trouble breathing.....No signs of Life(normal breathing or movement) and, for Children and Infants, no pulse......Severe bleeding .... make to get CONSENT form conscious adult before you begin to give care on conscious adult
Emergency Moves
Walking Assist,,,Pack-strap.....Two-person seat carry....Clothes drag
Reducing your risk of injury while at play is most easily accomplished by:
Wearing the correct clothing and protective equipment
You are approaching the victim of an automobile accident and the victim becomes uncooperative and threatens to hurt you. What should you do?
Withdraw and wait for EMS to arrive
Circulatory system
Works with the respiratory system to carry oxygen-rich blood to every body cell.
ALONE SITUATION
YOU SHOULD CALL FIRST-911 BEFORE GIVING CARE FOR: an unconscious adult victim or adolescent age 12 or older. A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant....An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart problems
Which of the following is not considered a barrier to action in an emergency?
Your lack of first aid equipment
Sudden illness
a physical condition that requires immediate medical attention. Some EXAMPLES include: heart attack and a severe allergic reaction.
nothing to drink, monitor for shock,
abdominal wound
A
airway; an obstructed airway leads to respiratory arrest and death
Bacterial meningitis and tetanus
are examples of diseases caused by bacteria
character position of pt with clavicle fx
arm across chest supporting elbow
You work in a chemical laboratory and someone is conducting experiments in the next room. You hear a "pop" noise and the crash of glass. As you approach the lab door you notice a foul smell coming from under the door. You shout through the closed door but get no answer. What should you do next
avoid entering the room as the fumes might be harmful to you and call 999 or 112 EMS
B
breathing, respiratory arrest quickly leads to cardiac arrest
dry heat
burn
extremities are susceptible to freezing, death as body temp reaches 80 degrees
hypothermia
Bacteria and Viruses
cause infectious diseases,,including the common cold
non tactical sorting
class
pt presents with a shoulder lower then another
clavicle fx
With the head tilted back, ________________________
close the mouth by pushing on the chin
pain relief of burn
cold compress, morphine
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or (CPR)
combination of compressions and breaths
secondary survey
complete detailed assessment with a subjective interview and objective exam
tourniquet
constricting band, last resort, tight enough to cut off blood but no tighter
treat hypothermia
control injuries, remove clothing, rapid rewarm at 100-105, observe for respiratory failure, give CPR, give warm liquids
first aid for heat exhaustion
cool area, cool pt, watch for hypothermia, salt water
first aid of heat stroke
cool immediately until rectal temp 102 temp check every 10 min
priority 1
correctable life threatening illnesses; respiratory arrest, open chest or abdomen
priority 4
dead or fatally injured
class 4
dead or needs extensive treatment
tissue is totally hard and there is no movement
deep frostbite
class 3
definitive treatment can be delayed with out loss of life or limb
how is seriousness of a burn measured
depth, extent, location, age and health, medical conditions
D
disability, asses level of consciousness and apply rigid collar
what are the steps in a multi-victim scenario
do ABCs and control hemmorrhage; need oxygen in the system ASAP.
general cooling of the body
hypothermia
shivering, drowsiness, unconscious
hypothermia
E
expose, you cant treat what you haven't found
protect airway and prevent aspiration
facial wound
treat clavicle fx
figure 8 bandage to secure forearm across chest
where is water drawn
from upstream
ice crystals form under the skin 32 degrees or less
frost bite
most common on the face and extremities, skin reddens, then numb, then ice crystals, skin turns yellow or white
frost bite
Pathogen
germ
first aid for immersion foot
get victim off feet, remove shoes and socks, expose to warm dry air, don't rupture blisters
never give meds for this wound and watch for vomiting
head
caused by excessive sweat or drinking too much cold water too quickly
heat cramps
gray and pale, cool and clammy skin, dilated pupils,
heat exhaustion
most common heat injury
heat exhaustion
20 % mortality rate
heat stroke
dry, red, hot skin, constricted pupils, 105 temp, strong fast pulse, deep rapid breathing, progressing to shallow absent
heat stroke
class 2
immediate life sustaining treatment/ moderate injuries
litter pt, results from prolonged exposure to to wet cold temps from 33-50 degrees
immersion foot
where is the preliminary exam done
in the spot the patient is found unless contraindicated
Citizen Responders role:
includes: Recognizing that an emergency exists. Deciding to act. Taking action by calling 911 or the local emergency number. Giving care until medical help arrives.
Non-Life threatening conditions
interview the victim and any bystanders and perform a head to toe examination(toe-to-head for a child or infant) to find and care for any other injuries.
Injury
is damage to the body from an external force, such as a broken bone from a fall.
if burn is over 20%
iv fluid
what is the first aid for a sucking chest wound
occlusive dressing, place in fowlers or semi fowlers or lay on affected side
Hyperventilation
occurs when breathing is faster than normal
signs and symptoms of shock
pale/ashen skin, cool clammy skin, pulse is rapid, weak and thready; glassy dull eyes, pupils dilated (may be morphine induced) breathing rapid and labored at first then shallow and irregular
important point about triage
triage is an ongoing process, reassess
how can a strecher be improvised
poncho and poles
best way to control external bleeding
pressure dressing
main artery crosses a bone
pressure point
tactical sorting
priority
treatment for frostbite
protect injury, rapid thaw, be ready for circulatory injuries and prevent from refreezing
how to perform triage
quickly assess pt and assign a priority or class for receiving treatment
primary survey
rapid initial exam followed by status decision
moist heat
scald
epidermal blisters, mottled appearance with red base. extends but not through dermis, heals 2-3 weeks may have weeping
second degree
priority 2
serious but non-threatning; moderate blood loss, open and multi fracture, eye injury
Anaphylactic Shock
severe allergic reaction
worst chest wound
sucking chest wound; requires immediate first aid
surface skin hardens but underlying tissue is moveable
superficial frost bite
Arrival at scene
take charge, be organized, remain calm and act quickly
CARE FIRST SITUATION
that is, provide 2 MINUTES OF CARE, THEN CALL 911 OR THE LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBER FOR AN * Unconscious victim younger than age 12 when the collapse has not been witnessed.. *Any victim of a drowning
attempting to move this fracture causes muscle spasms and intense pain
thigh fracture
triage meaning
to sort
a symptom is_________________________
what the casualty experiences, feels eg weak giddy nausea
When caring for a victim of a medical emergency, you look for signs and symptoms of what may be wrong with the victim. A sign is:
what you can see (observe) about the victim's condition
Infection
when pathogens enter the body, they can sometimes overpower the body's natural defense systems and cause illness.
when do you straighten a fracture
when there is no distal pulse present
Bystanders can be of great help which include:
you can ask them to call for , meet and direct the ambulance, keep the area free of unnecessary traffic,, or help you give first,, you might send them for blankets or other supplies, they may even have valuable information about what happened or may know the victim's medical history. Bystanders can also help comfort the victim and others at the scene.
