First Semester Mix-Tape 🔥 #fire 🔥🔥 !!!!
Tutankhamun
"King Tut" real name
Tutankhamen
"King Tut"s real name
B.C.E.
"before the common era" means the same as B.C. (before Christ)
C.E.
"common era", or after the birth of Jesus
Gurdwara
"door to the guru;" place of worship
Abraham
"father" of Judaism, born in Mesopotamia in a city called Ur
per person
"per capita" means _____
5
# of "Articles of Faith" in the Sikh religion
fast
1 of 5 Pillars says Muslims should ___ (or not eat) during DAYLIGHT hours during the month of Ramadan
poor
1 of 5 Pillars says Muslims should donate $ for the ___ & less-fortunate in the world
orthodox
1 of the 3 main types of Jews, they are the most strict
steal
10 Commandments say to not ____, or take something that doesn't belong to you
decade
10 years
century
100 years
millenium
1000 year period
millennium
1000 years
King Tut
1922: a pharaoh nicknamed __ __ (real name Tutankhamun) tomb was found untouched by grave robbers
Guru Nanak
1st Sikh Guru; founder of Sikhism
globe
3D model of the earth that's the same shape as the actual earth
hostages
50 Americans were taken as ___ in 1979 in Iran & held for 444 days by a new anti-US government
Jewish
70-80% of Israel's population is this religion
oceans
97% of the earth's water is salty, found in ___ and seas
Christmas
A Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus
tundra
A cold, dry, treeless ecosystem - also a Toyota pickup truck
Paul
A man named ___ helped spread the story of Jesus to people all around the Mediterranean Sea & into Europe
diary
A personal account of an individual's experiences (primary source!)
desalination
A process of removing salt from seawater, making it drinkable
birth
A.D. years refer to the # of years after the ____ of Jesus to the Christians
germany
Adolf Hitler & the Nazis led ___ in the 1930s-40s & tried to kill all Jewish people in Europe
bones
Ancient China's writing has been found on turtle shells and animal ____
years
Ancient Egypt was ruled by over 30 dynasties & its history lasted over 2500 ___
pharaoh
Ancient Egypt's leader was called a ___, and was both a king & a god
kingdom
Ancient Egypt's long history covers the Old ___, the Middle ___, & the New ___
hieroglyphics
Ancient Egyptian writing system that had over 600 symbols & could be written any direction
China
Ancient ____'s first civilizations started near the Yangtze and Yellow (HUANG) Rivers in east Asia
Red Land
Away from the Nile, the Egyptians called the dry desert land the "___ ___"
killed
Before Romans adopted Christianity, they arrested and even ___ Christians who refused to worship Roman gods
Yellow
China's "Huang River" also means ___ River
Easter
Christian holiday celebrating of the Resurrection of Christ
crucifixion
Christians believe Jesus was killed by ___, nailed to wood
resurrection
Christians believe Jesus's ____ (rising from the dead) happened 3 days after he died
father
Christians believe Jesus's ____ was GOD, not a man on earth
Mary
Christians believe Jesus's mother was named ___
Old Testament
Christians call the Jewish holy scriptures the "___ ___"
Hanukkah
December Jewish holiday that involves 8 candles and gift exchanging
bunnies
Easter ____ and colored eggs has no connection to Easter as a religious holiday
dynasty
Egypt's had many ___, or series of rulers from the same family
Pharaoh
Egypt's ruler (the ____) enslaved the ancient Jewish Israelites
engineering
Egyptian ____ projects included a system of irrigation canals, building huge pyramids, and other big buildings
Black Land
Egyptians called their dark, fertile land "Kemet" which means ___ ___
papyrus
Egyptians made ___, a paper-like thing to write on, made out of reeds (a plant) that grew near the Nile
trade
Examples of ___ goods the Muslims traded to Africans were Chinese porcelain & silk, Indian cloth, and iron tools from Europe
death
Good Friday is a spring holiday that remembers the ____ of Jesus on a cross
karma
Hindu/Buddhist belief that your good actions TODAY affect how well/bad your FUTURE life will be
Iraq
In 2003, the US invaded ___, looking for Saddam's WMDs & to remove him as president
Mike Pence
Indiana's PREVIOUS governor, current Vice President, too
solar energy
Indiana's not the best place to install a ___ ___ system on your roof - Arizona/California/Florida are much more sunny
afterlife
Islamic belief about the ___ is that people who obey God go to paradise (heaven) & those who didn't "will suffer"
maps
Islamic exploration & travel led to more accurate ___ of distant places
Quran
Islamic holy book (the ___) contains the words Muhammad said God told him
Algebra
Islamic mathematicians created the math subject of ___, a class which some 7th graders at PMMS take
diseases
Islamic medicine included cures for ___
medicines
Islamic scientists created the first pharmacy school, which taught people how to create ___ to help sick people
clocks
Islamic scientists study of astronomy led to better ___ for timekeeping
Holy Land
Israel is "the ___ ___" by having sites holy to 3 religions
apostles
Jesus had 12 people called ___, or disciples, close friends chosen to pass on his teachings
arrested
Jesus's teachings challenged the authority of political & religious leaders, so he was ___ around 30 AD
kosher
Jewish people eat food that is ___ (OK to eat according to the Torah) but don't eat things that are non-___ (like pork)
hair
Kesh is the uncut Sikh person's ______
cuneiform
Mesopotamia civilization's writing
Asia
Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, and Huang River Valley are found in this continent
surplus
Mesopotamian farmers grew ____ grains (or extra) allowing others to do more that just farm
Sunday
Most Christian churches meet on this day
Jesus
Muslims agree that _____ was born from Mary, was an important messenger of God, but was NOT THE SON OF GOD
Allah
Muslims believe there is 1 God (named ___ in Arabic) & Muhammad was his final prophet
Ramadan
Muslims should fast during daylight hours during the month of ___ (1 of 5 Pillars)
prayers
Muslims should have 5 ___ per day at specific times during the day
mecca
Muslims should visit the holy city of ___ in Saudi Arabia (the "Hajj" or pilgrimage) once in their life
farming
Places too cold or dry for ___ (or agriculture) have never developed large populations
square mile
Population density is expressed as the number of people per ___
Saddam Hussein
President of Iraq from the 1960s through 2003; now dead
Constantine
Roman Emperor ___ converted to Christianity & brought the whole Roman Empire to Christianity where it was banned before
Monarchies
Saudi Arabia's, Bahrain's, Qatar's governments are ___, run by a King
faith
Shahadah, or testimony of ___, says there is only one God and Muhammad was his final prophet
Granth Sahib
Sikh holy book
Gospels
Some of Jesus's disciples wrote about his life and teachings, accounts called the___ (the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)
New Testament
Stories of Jesus' life make up the beginning of the __ ___, which Jewish people wouldn't read
sixty
Sumerian ideas included __ seconds per minute, __ minutes per hour time measurements
plow
Sumerian invention that turned over their soil before planting crops
degrees
Sumerian math ideas included a calendar with 12 months & using 360 ___ to measure angles/circles
gods
Sumerian people thought that their ___ had the power to control floods, harvests, & illness
wheels
Sumerians used a cart with round __, and boats with sails, to make trading goods easier up rivers and down roads
literacy rate
The % of a country's people who can read and write
navigation
The Phoenicians were experts at ____, or steering a ship from place to place. They visited England!
The 3 basic economic questions
What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?
Ten Commandments
While Moses was leaving Egypt, God gave him the __ ____, or the 10 most important Jewish laws
holocaust
World War II's mass murder of European Jews & others
holidays
Yom Kippur, Rosh Hasahana, and Hanukkah are Jewish ____
pull factors
__ __ are things that attract people to a new country, like a supply of good jobs or freedom
push factors
__ __ push people away from their home country (looking for better life, escaping war, mistreatment)
polytheism
__ is the belief in many gods, not monotheism (one god)
cylinder seals
___ __ were small cylinders engraved with designs and rolled across wet clay to make their marks
population density
___ ___ is the #umber of people per square mile of land
physical maps
___ ___ show features on the outside of earth, like mountain, rivers, plains
technology
___ can help the environment; like hybrid/electric cars and cleaner energy like solar/wind
solar
___ energy comes from the sun
Hajj
___ is a pilgrimage (or trip) to Mecca that all Muslims should make
free trade
___ is trade between countries occuring FREELY, with limited government meddling
political
___ maps that show man-made things, like countries, states, cities
scarcity
___ means having LIMITED resources to meet UNLIMITED wants
domesticated
___ plants and animals are not wild - they rely on HUMANS to feed & take care of them
renewable
___ resources are replaced or regrown quickly, like trees when replanted
majority
___ rule (+50%) means more than 1/2 of representatives approve something
domestic
___ trade that occurs INSIDE a country (Indiana corn traded for Florida oranges)
urbanization
___, movement of people to cities & away from farms, started as ppl moved to cities for jobs
conflicts
____ governments face include border arguments, fights over resources, etc.
OPEC
____ is a group of oil-producing countries whose goal it is to influence the worldwide price of oil
mummifying
____ pharahos was necessary for them to travel to the afterlife (a religious belief)
international
____ trade is trade BETWEEN countries
developing
_____ countries have weak economies + a low standard of living (80% of countries)
developed
______ countries have strong economies, high standard of living (20% of the world)
unlimited government
______ has NO LIMITS to its power & doesn't protect basic rights
limited governments
______ have only the powers listed in a constitution
HDI
a "quality of life" number using life expectancy, literacy, access to clean water, income, etc.
communion
a Christian ritual in remembrance of Jesus at The Last Supper, sharing bread and wine with his Disciples for the last time
Synagogue
a Jewish house of worship
Rabbi
a Jewish religious teacher or leader in a synagogue
Passover
a March or April holiday where Jews remember the Exodus, or journey from Egypt and from slavery
mosque
a Muslim "church" is a ___, or masjid
Andre Carson
a Muslim man who represents us in the House of Reps in Washington DC
spillover
a ___ is something happens as an unintended consequence to another action
scribe
a ___ was a specially-trained Sumerian man/woman who knew how to write in cuneiform
year
a ____ is 365.2422 days (one trip of the Earth around the Sun)
natural resource
a ____ is a resource found naturally in the earth
market economy
a ______ gives freedom to producers and consumers to buy & sell on their own
command economy
a ______ the government makes ALL economic decisions
norm
a behavior normal & acceptable in a society
stele
a carved stone slab or pillar that stands up; Hammurabi's Code was carved into it & displayed
population growth
a cause of recent huge ______ are better medical care, like immunizations & better drugs
crescent
a curved shape, like a partial moon, or a croissant in French baking
constitution
a document saying what powers the US government has
Eid al-Fitr
a family-gathering holiday that ends the daytime fasting month of Ramadan
Cleopatra
a famous female Pharaoh (they didn't have many of 'em)
savanna
a flat, dry, grassy plain in tropical/subtropical regions, like LION KING AFRICA
theocracy
a government (like Iran) where the religion and the government are NOT SEPARATE
monarchy
a government ruled by a king with inherited authority
tyranny
a government that abuses its people
messiah
a leader the Bible had predicted would come to save the earth
citizen
a legal member of a country, either by birth or through naturalization
prophet
a name for a person who said God spoke to him, then repeated that messages for others to hear
wild
a non-domesticated animal is one that is _____, untrusting of humans and living on its own
entrepreneur
a person who risks a lot to start a new business in a market economy
Sikh
a person with a turban is likely this religion
opinion
a person's interpretation of an event; example="Obama was the worst president ever"
foreign policy
a plan on how a country is going to interact with OTHER countries
oil
a reason Saddam invaded Kuwait in 1990 was to steal Kuwait's ___ or petroleum
suburb
a residential area on the outskirts of a city
spills
a side-effect of drilling for oil is how ___ can occur, leaking into the ocean & polluting beaches
kippah
a small cap sometimes worn by Jewish people, mainly men
sphinx
a statue with the body of an animal & the head of a human
Star of David
a symbol associated with the Jews in modern times
ziggurat
a tall pyramid-shaped building where Sumerians performed religious ceremonies
anti-semitism
a term for people who are anti-Jewish
A.D.
a time that occurred after the birth of Christ
Valley of the Kings
a valley on the west bank of the Nile where later pharaohs tombs were hidden
currency
a word for money; each nation's ___ has a different conversion rate
UAE
abbreviated country name; full name "United Arab Emirates"
GIS
abbreviation for "Geographic Information System"
terrorist
after 9/11/2001 the US worried Saddam Hussein might give WMDs to ___ groups like Al-Qaeda
Christ
after Jesus's death some began to call him Jesus ___ , from 'christos' the Greek word for Messiah
Mummy
after death, pharaohs needed to be embalmed or turned into a ___ in order to get to the afterlife
Ibn Battuta
an Islamic explorer who sailed to Africa, India, Spain, & China in the 1300s
authoritarian
an ___ government is run by an abusive single person who denies people basic rights
architect
an ___'s job was to design temples, pyramids, & tombs
treaty
an agreement between countries intended to avoid conflict
empire
an area of land with different territories & people under one ruler
stores
an example of competition is how ____ fight for your business (Kroger, Meijer, Walmart, Target...)
flag
an orange ____ is displayed outside all Sikh temples
Torah
ancient Jews recorded their laws in 5 books called the ___, the most important text of Judaism
metals
ancient civilizations used many ____, including bronze, gold, and silver
Mesopotamia
ancient name for the land between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
hunter-gatherers
another name for nomads who lived dangerous lives, always on the move in search of food for that day
capitalism
another way to say market economy: free market, or _____
foraging
another word for nomadic searching for food in the wild to eat
6,700,000
approximate population of INDIANA
870,000
approximate population of INDIANAPOLIS
artifacts
archaeologists search for and study for ____ of ancient civilizations,
slaves
at the bottom of Egyptian social classes, they were not free
south pole
at the bottom of the globe!
north pole
at the top of the globe!
Judaism
based on belief of one god, reading the Hebrew Bible, began around 2000 BC
Buddhism
based on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama ("Buddha") was born in India 563 BC.
test
becoming a US citizen requires a 10-question ____ over our government and history
B.C.
before Christ
Christianity
beginning around 30AD, based on the teachings & life of Jesus
trinity
belief in the ____ says that God is 3 things at once - the father, son, and holy spirit.
Monotheistic
believing in one god
drafted
citizens may be ___ into the military - hasn't happened since Vietnam War in early 70s
social classes
civilizations have ___ ___, ways people are ranked from high to low status
arts
civilizations have ___, or paintings, song, statues, jewelry that require skilled artisans to produce
architecture
civilizations have _____, large public buildings specially designed & decorated by skilled people
governments
civilizations have _____, or leaders who manage resources , train armies, defend cities, etc.
writing
civilizations have _____, ways to record history using symbols or pictures, and (eventually) letters
temperate
climate zones "in the middle" with have 4 separate seasons
polar
climate zones are the coldest, located near the poles
tropical
climates near the equator that are hot and steamy
higher
climbing ____ on a mountain, you would experience lower temperatures and lower amounts of oxygen
Indians
colonization example = Europeans coming to America & pushing aside the ___ or Native Americans
Singh
common last name for male Sikhs, meaning LION
Turkey
country partly in Europe, partly in Asia
India
country where Sikhism was founded
innovation
cultural ___ is cultural change new technology / inventions
diffusion
cultural ___ is the spread of cultural traits from one culture to another
spread
cultural diffusion is the ___ of cultural elements from one place to another
clay
cuneiform was written on wet ___ and allowed to dry
money
currency (paper) and coin (metal), plus electronic payment options, form a country's ____ system
Donald Trump
current President
timeline
dates & events placed on a line
calligraphy
decorative, artistic, & fancy writing - Islamic words that become artwork
denominations
different interpretations of the Bible led to different ___, or kinds, of Christianity
mining
digging out of the earth things that are useful to humans
Africa
domesticated plants in ____ included yams, okra, blackeyed peas, sorghum (8000-6000BC)
forests
dominated by trees and other woody vegetation
eat
during Ramadan, Muslims must not ___ DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS
time zone
each __ __ is one hour different from its neighbor
pyramids
early Egyptian dynasties built these huge stone tombs with 4 triangular sides & a square base
brush
ecosystem that only has short bushes & small plants, no big trees - semi-dry
math
evidence of their ___ and engineering knowledge is found in the Egyptians' pyramids and temples
sin
evil actions
precipitation
examples of ___ include rain, snow, sleet, hail - falls from the sky
worshipped
examples of gods / godesses ___ in Egypt included Amon-Re, Osirus, Seth, Isis, Horus
astronomy
examples of the Islamic world's discoveries in the area of ___ (study of the sky) included better clocks & improved astrolabe
agriculture
farming
Saddam
first name of currently-dead dictator of Iraq who invaded Kuwait in 1990 & was captured by U.S. troops in 2003
specialization
focusing on making a small # of goods that you do best; not trying to make everything by yourself
Sikh
follower of Sikhism
natural gas
fossil fuel in gas form producing a blue flame when burned on your stove or in your furnace
Muhammad
founder of Islam, born around AD570
wind turbine
generates electricy from wind (also called a windmill)
Red Cross
gives medical aid, food, & help to victims of natural disasters or war
industrialization
going from human/animal power to machine power
imports
goods brought INTO a country
exports
goods sent OUT of a country
taxes
government pays for things with ___ collected (forcibly) from residents
democracy
government where PEOPLE hold the power
oral tradition
history passed down through spoken stories and song (not written down)
Diwali
holiday shared with many Indian people
Golden Temple
holiest site for Sikhs in India
use
how we ___ our land changes over time & can be studied in aerial photography
increase
if there's a shortage or low supply of something, prices would ____
hanging
in 2003 Saddam Hussein was found alive, & by 2006 he was executed by ___
representative democracy
in a ______, citizens choose a people to make laws for them
public works
in a civilization, ___ ___ are city-wide projects like roads, water systems, city walls, built for the good of everyone
government
in a command economy, the _____ makes all economic decisions (what to sell, what to make, etc.)
down
in general, a person moving further from the equator would experience temperatures going ____
leaves
in temperate climates, trees' ___ turn colors and fall off in the fall
machines
industrialization brings ____ to make work easier, faster, more efficient
primary source
info that comes from the person who saw it or experienced it
secondary source
info that doesn't come from the person who witnessed an event happening
astrolabe
it helped sea travelers locate their place on Earth making long sailing possible (before Christopher Columbus!)
rotation
it takes 24 hours for the earth to make one ___, or complete turn
inherit
kings ___ their power because they're related to the past king
Punjabi
language of Sikhism
Arabic
language spoken by Saudi Arabians & most countries around it (except Israel, Turkey)
United Nations
largest international organization, meets in NYC, has 193 member nations
Kaur
last name taken by many Sikhs women, meaning "Princess"
Osama bin Laden
leader of the Al-Qaeda terrorists that planned the 9/11 attack and used Afghanistan as a training place in 2001
president
leader of the executive branch in the federal government
equator
line around middle of earth that divides north/south hemisphere
longitude
lines measuring distance east or west from the PRIME MERIDIAN
latitude
lines measuring distance north and south FROM THE EQUATOR
rural
living "in the country" away from cities is living in a ___ area
urban
living in a city is ____ living, not rural living
Catholic
local _____ churches include St. Barnabas, St. Roch, St. Mark, St. Jude
gasoline
made from petroleum, it powers most of our cars
Oil
many Middle East countries make money from selling the ___ they have beneath the ground
miracles
many saw Jesus perform ___, things that can't normally be done by humans
elevation
measurement of the land's HEIGHT above sea level is its ____
bronze
metal alloy (or mixture) that Sumerians used, making harder, more durable tools/weapons
hijab
most Islamic women over age 9-10 wear this head covering
frozen
most fresh water on earth is ___ in sheets of ice at the poles
Hinduism
most popular India religion believing in "karma" and a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (reincarnation)
colonization
movement of new settlers & culture to a land
currents
movements of surface water and winds that affect our climate by moving hot and cold wind/water around
Menorah
multi-candle Hanukkah candleholder that is lit during Hanukkah's 8 days
Egyptian
mummies, pharaohs, hieroglyphics are associated with the ____ civilization
Hammurabi's Code
nearly 300 laws & punishments dealing with almost every part of life in Mesopotamia
suburbs
nickname for the area in between urban and rural areas
coal
non-renewable fossil fuel burned to create much of the world's electricity
water
oil and ___ are the 2 most important resources in the Middle East
north
on a map, almost always, this direction is UP toward the top of the map
scale
on a map, the ___ bar shows distance (like 1 inch = 200 miles)
left
on a timeline, older events are usually on the ____ of the timeline
orbit
one trip of the Earth around the Sun
key
part of a map telling what the colors & symbols mean
nomads
people wandering in search of food or animals to hunt, never staying too long in 1 place (10000+ yrs ago)
consumers
people who buy products are ___ (those who BUY)
Muslims
people who follow the Islamic faith
producers
people who make products are called ____ (those who MAKE)
one god
perhaps the first religion to talk of ___ ___, not many gods, was a 600 BC man named Zoroaster of the Persian Empire
fossil fuels
petroleum, coal, natural gas, are examples of ___ ___
cities
population centers were people live close to neighbors
standard of living
population growth can lead to a higher __ __ __ as people produce & consume more goods
bias
prejudice or an unfair preference for one side of a issue
oath
raising your right hand and promising to show allegiance to the US as a new citizen
food
recent huge population growth couldn't happen unless farmers had improved ____ production to prevent starving
Punjab
region in northwest India and Pakistan where Sikhism was founded
Guru
religious leader or teacher
deforestation
removing too many trees
jury
responsibility of citizens includes serving on a ____ to decide an accused person's guilt or innocence
Indus River
river of a first civilization, today in Pakistan
Tigris and Euphrates
rivers the people in the Middle East depended on to water their fields of grains
compass rose
shows direction north-east-south-west on a map
cavalry
soldiers who fight on horseback, or use horses in battle
nuclear
some fear Iran's ___ power plants could lead to them building ___ weapons
gas
some of the "weapons of mass destruction" that Saddam used in the 80s & 90s included poison __ that burned & blistered skin
historian
someone who studies past events
fact
something that actually happened
Sikh logo
symbol for Sikhism
religion
system of worship & belief that guides peoples' lives
minarets
tall towers from which the "Call to Prayer" can be heard 5X a day the Muslim world
ISIS
terrorist group that has terrorized Syrians and Iraqi citizens
200
the # of years between 100AD and 100BC
irrigation
the 1st civilizations used ___ to direct river water to their dry crop land
Bethlehem
the Bible says Jesus was born in this small town in the Roman province of Judea
sabbath
the Christian ____ or holy day is Sunday
calendar
the Egyptians made a 365 day _____ based on movements of the sun, not the moon as other ancient people used
pilgrimage
the HAJJ is a ___ (or trip for a religious reasons) to Mecca that Muslims should make during their lifetime
Pakistan
the Indus River is in today's country of ______
language
the Indus River's written ___ isn't readable yet, so little is known about them
Moses
the Jewish leader who led the Jews out of Egypt (the Exodus) & back 2 Israel
one
the Jewish people are thought to have formed the first major ___-god religion in history
India
the Muslim-controlled Mughal Empire (builders of the Taj Majal) was in the country called ___ today
fertile
the Nile River created a strip of ___ (easy to farm) soil for farming
alphabet
the Phoenicians made a 22-letter ___ that could be combined to form words
Giza Pyramids
the Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, the Pyramid of Menkaure, next to the Great Sphinx
pork
the Quran tells Muslims to not eat ___ or drink alcohol, & to wash before prayer
demand
the WANT or desire for goods; the amount that is wanted
Rosetta Stone
the __ __, discovered in 1799, helped people to finally translate hieroglyphics
Executive
the ___ branch (president) enforces laws, runs foreign policy, commands military
legislative
the ___ branch MAKES LAWS, sets taxes, spends money
Judicial
the ___ branch settles arguments through the courts
Taliban
the ___ is an Afghanistan radical Muslim group that arose in the 1990s
Pope
the ___ is the leader of the Catholic church
Romans
the ___ treated the Jews poorly, taxing them, killing some of them, & even banning their religion
Iran-Iraq
the ___-___ War lasted from 1980-1988, starting when Saddam Hussein invaded his neighbor
supply
the amount available for use or purchase
Five K's
the articles of the Sikh faith worn by many
culture
the beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors of a particular nation or group of people
opportunity cost
the cost of what you give up in order to do something else
Egypt
the country of ___ is where you'd find artifacts from the Ancient Egyptians
Pope Francis
the current leader of the Catholic Church
reincarnation
the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism/Buddhism
rivers
the earliest civilizations were located along ____ which provided water for drinking and watering of crops
South America
the earliest domesticated animals in ____ _____ were guinea pigs, llamas, and alpacas (3000BC)
North America
the earliest domesticated plants in ___ ____ were maize (corn), beans, squash, tomatoes (4000BC)
empires
the growth of the Ottoman, Safavid, & Mughal ___ into Europe, Africa, & Asia for in 400 years shows the spread of Islam
mayor
the head of a city government, Joe Hogsett in Indianapolis
governor
the head of a state government
inflation
the increase in prices over time
canopic jars
the jars that Egyptians used to hold many internal organs from their dead pharaohs
Euphrates
the land between the Tigris and ___ Rivers was called Mesopotamia in the ancient world
Tigris
the land between the __ and Euphrates Rivers was called Mesopotamia in the ancient world
Hebrew
the language in which the Torah is written, bar mitzvah kids must read it aloud
life expectancy
the length of time an average person lives in a country
climate
the long-term average weather of a place over many years
East Asia
the main domesticated plant in ___ ___ (in today's China) was RICE
Israel
the modern ___ was created in 1947, divided into Jewish & Arab/Muslim states
profit
the money left over after subtracting the cost of doing business
desert
the most common climate type on the Arabian Peninsula - quite dry!
Mecca
the most holy city to Muslims, located in Saudi Arabia
christianity
the most practiced religion in the world today
migration
the movement of people from one place to another
judges
the president names ___ to federal courts, but the Senate must approve them
weather
the quick-changing measure of temp / rain at a given time and place
Islam
the religion of ___ spread through trade & travel to China, India, S.E. Asia, Europe, & Africa
Bush
the same last name of the 2 US presidents (father & son) who ordered attacks against Iraq in 1991 & in 2003
recycling
the separation, sorting, collection, & reusing of certain materials
competition
the struggle among producers (like Kroger,Meijer,Walmart) for the chance to earn your money
archaeology
the study of the past by digging up & studying artifacts
9/11/2001
the terrorist attack in the U.S. on _/__/___ was planned by Osama Bin Laden
prehistory
the time before writing was invented
Supreme Court
the top court in America (9 members)
Exodus
the trip where Moses led the Jews out of Egypt & back to Israel
Gross Domestic Product
the value of all goods produced in a country in a year in $
rainy
the wettest, most ____ parts of the world tend to be near the Equator
7 billion
the world's population today is over ___ people
artists
their job was to paint the detailed scenes in a pharaoh's tomb or on temple walls
scribes
their job was to write down things using hieroglyphics, keep records for government & write religious texts
five
there are ___ Pillars of Islam, things all Muslims must agree to and follow
calendars
there are other ____; in the Jewish world the year is 5780 and in the Islamic world the year's 1441
Calendars
there were other ____ in use in history, like the one the Romans used, the Jewish calendar, the Muslim calendar, etc.
pictographs
they are picture symbols used in writing, like in cuneiform and hieroglyphics
camels
they helped Arabian people cross hot & dry deserts with temps 100+
archaeologists
they study the artifacts left behind by ancient people
pharaohs
they were kings in Ancient Egypt, also considered living gods
incentives
things that encourage people to act in a certain way
Afghanistan
this country was used by al-Qaeda as a a training / hiding place in 2001
WMD
three-letter abbreviation for "weapons of mass destruction", which Saddam used in the 80s & 90s
domesticate
to _____ an animal means to make it tame, to make it dependent on and friendly to humans (NOT WILD ANYMORE)
scarce
to be rare, or in short supply... like a 100 year old autographed baseball card
Turban
traditional head covering for Sikhs
Hinduism and Islam
two religions surrounded the Sikh people on the east and west in India
punishment
under Hammurabi's Code, each crime brought a specific ___ or penalty (an eye for an eye)
no
was everyone mummified in Ancient Egypt?
pollution
waste that makes the soil, air, or water less clean
grains
wheat & barley were likely the earliest ___ grown by farmers in the Middle East (9000-7000BC)
Plagues
when Egypt's pharaoh refused to set the captive Jews free, the Bible says God sent 10 terrible ____, or disasters, against Egypt
died
when Muhammad ___ an argument over who should be Islam's next leader started the Sunni-Shia split
Sunni and Shia
when Muhammad died, disagreement on who should be Islam's next leader led to the split between ___ ___ ___ Muslims
farmers
when ___ weren't farming, the pharaoh expected them to work on building projects such as pyramids
bar mitzvah
when a 13 year old boy becomes part of the Jewish faith, reads the Torah aloud, has a party
diversity
when many cultures are together, a place has a lot of ___
silt
when the Nile flooded, it brought a new layer of ___ to make the soil more fertile every year
job specialization
when workers focus on just one job/career while other people focus on the other jobs
hemisphere
word meaning "half of the earth"