First Semester Mix-Tape 🔥 #fire 🔥🔥 !!!!

Tutankhamun

"King Tut" real name

Tutankhamen

"King Tut"s real name

B.C.E.

"before the common era" means the same as B.C. (before Christ)

C.E.

"common era", or after the birth of Jesus

Gurdwara

"door to the guru;" place of worship

Abraham

"father" of Judaism, born in Mesopotamia in a city called Ur

per person

"per capita" means _____

5

# of "Articles of Faith" in the Sikh religion

fast

1 of 5 Pillars says Muslims should ___ (or not eat) during DAYLIGHT hours during the month of Ramadan

poor

1 of 5 Pillars says Muslims should donate $ for the ___ & less-fortunate in the world

orthodox

1 of the 3 main types of Jews, they are the most strict

steal

10 Commandments say to not ____, or take something that doesn't belong to you

decade

10 years

century

100 years

millenium

1000 year period

millennium

1000 years

King Tut

1922: a pharaoh nicknamed __ __ (real name Tutankhamun) tomb was found untouched by grave robbers

Guru Nanak

1st Sikh Guru; founder of Sikhism

globe

3D model of the earth that's the same shape as the actual earth

hostages

50 Americans were taken as ___ in 1979 in Iran & held for 444 days by a new anti-US government

Jewish

70-80% of Israel's population is this religion

oceans

97% of the earth's water is salty, found in ___ and seas

Christmas

A Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus

tundra

A cold, dry, treeless ecosystem - also a Toyota pickup truck

Paul

A man named ___ helped spread the story of Jesus to people all around the Mediterranean Sea & into Europe

diary

A personal account of an individual's experiences (primary source!)

desalination

A process of removing salt from seawater, making it drinkable

birth

A.D. years refer to the # of years after the ____ of Jesus to the Christians

germany

Adolf Hitler & the Nazis led ___ in the 1930s-40s & tried to kill all Jewish people in Europe

bones

Ancient China's writing has been found on turtle shells and animal ____

years

Ancient Egypt was ruled by over 30 dynasties & its history lasted over 2500 ___

pharaoh

Ancient Egypt's leader was called a ___, and was both a king & a god

kingdom

Ancient Egypt's long history covers the Old ___, the Middle ___, & the New ___

hieroglyphics

Ancient Egyptian writing system that had over 600 symbols & could be written any direction

China

Ancient ____'s first civilizations started near the Yangtze and Yellow (HUANG) Rivers in east Asia

Red Land

Away from the Nile, the Egyptians called the dry desert land the "___ ___"

killed

Before Romans adopted Christianity, they arrested and even ___ Christians who refused to worship Roman gods

Yellow

China's "Huang River" also means ___ River

Easter

Christian holiday celebrating of the Resurrection of Christ

crucifixion

Christians believe Jesus was killed by ___, nailed to wood

resurrection

Christians believe Jesus's ____ (rising from the dead) happened 3 days after he died

father

Christians believe Jesus's ____ was GOD, not a man on earth

Mary

Christians believe Jesus's mother was named ___

Old Testament

Christians call the Jewish holy scriptures the "___ ___"

Hanukkah

December Jewish holiday that involves 8 candles and gift exchanging

bunnies

Easter ____ and colored eggs has no connection to Easter as a religious holiday

dynasty

Egypt's had many ___, or series of rulers from the same family

Pharaoh

Egypt's ruler (the ____) enslaved the ancient Jewish Israelites

engineering

Egyptian ____ projects included a system of irrigation canals, building huge pyramids, and other big buildings

Black Land

Egyptians called their dark, fertile land "Kemet" which means ___ ___

papyrus

Egyptians made ___, a paper-like thing to write on, made out of reeds (a plant) that grew near the Nile

trade

Examples of ___ goods the Muslims traded to Africans were Chinese porcelain & silk, Indian cloth, and iron tools from Europe

death

Good Friday is a spring holiday that remembers the ____ of Jesus on a cross

karma

Hindu/Buddhist belief that your good actions TODAY affect how well/bad your FUTURE life will be

Iraq

In 2003, the US invaded ___, looking for Saddam's WMDs & to remove him as president

Mike Pence

Indiana's PREVIOUS governor, current Vice President, too

solar energy

Indiana's not the best place to install a ___ ___ system on your roof - Arizona/California/Florida are much more sunny

afterlife

Islamic belief about the ___ is that people who obey God go to paradise (heaven) & those who didn't "will suffer"

maps

Islamic exploration & travel led to more accurate ___ of distant places

Quran

Islamic holy book (the ___) contains the words Muhammad said God told him

Algebra

Islamic mathematicians created the math subject of ___, a class which some 7th graders at PMMS take

diseases

Islamic medicine included cures for ___

medicines

Islamic scientists created the first pharmacy school, which taught people how to create ___ to help sick people

clocks

Islamic scientists study of astronomy led to better ___ for timekeeping

Holy Land

Israel is "the ___ ___" by having sites holy to 3 religions

apostles

Jesus had 12 people called ___, or disciples, close friends chosen to pass on his teachings

arrested

Jesus's teachings challenged the authority of political & religious leaders, so he was ___ around 30 AD

kosher

Jewish people eat food that is ___ (OK to eat according to the Torah) but don't eat things that are non-___ (like pork)

hair

Kesh is the uncut Sikh person's ______

cuneiform

Mesopotamia civilization's writing

Asia

Mesopotamia, Indus River Valley, and Huang River Valley are found in this continent

surplus

Mesopotamian farmers grew ____ grains (or extra) allowing others to do more that just farm

Sunday

Most Christian churches meet on this day

Jesus

Muslims agree that _____ was born from Mary, was an important messenger of God, but was NOT THE SON OF GOD

Allah

Muslims believe there is 1 God (named ___ in Arabic) & Muhammad was his final prophet

Ramadan

Muslims should fast during daylight hours during the month of ___ (1 of 5 Pillars)

prayers

Muslims should have 5 ___ per day at specific times during the day

mecca

Muslims should visit the holy city of ___ in Saudi Arabia (the "Hajj" or pilgrimage) once in their life

farming

Places too cold or dry for ___ (or agriculture) have never developed large populations

square mile

Population density is expressed as the number of people per ___

Saddam Hussein

President of Iraq from the 1960s through 2003; now dead

Constantine

Roman Emperor ___ converted to Christianity & brought the whole Roman Empire to Christianity where it was banned before

Monarchies

Saudi Arabia's, Bahrain's, Qatar's governments are ___, run by a King

faith

Shahadah, or testimony of ___, says there is only one God and Muhammad was his final prophet

Granth Sahib

Sikh holy book

Gospels

Some of Jesus's disciples wrote about his life and teachings, accounts called the___ (the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)

New Testament

Stories of Jesus' life make up the beginning of the __ ___, which Jewish people wouldn't read

sixty

Sumerian ideas included __ seconds per minute, __ minutes per hour time measurements

plow

Sumerian invention that turned over their soil before planting crops

degrees

Sumerian math ideas included a calendar with 12 months & using 360 ___ to measure angles/circles

gods

Sumerian people thought that their ___ had the power to control floods, harvests, & illness

wheels

Sumerians used a cart with round __, and boats with sails, to make trading goods easier up rivers and down roads

literacy rate

The % of a country's people who can read and write

navigation

The Phoenicians were experts at ____, or steering a ship from place to place. They visited England!

The 3 basic economic questions

What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?

Ten Commandments

While Moses was leaving Egypt, God gave him the __ ____, or the 10 most important Jewish laws

holocaust

World War II's mass murder of European Jews & others

holidays

Yom Kippur, Rosh Hasahana, and Hanukkah are Jewish ____

pull factors

__ __ are things that attract people to a new country, like a supply of good jobs or freedom

push factors

__ __ push people away from their home country (looking for better life, escaping war, mistreatment)

polytheism

__ is the belief in many gods, not monotheism (one god)

cylinder seals

___ __ were small cylinders engraved with designs and rolled across wet clay to make their marks

population density

___ ___ is the #umber of people per square mile of land

physical maps

___ ___ show features on the outside of earth, like mountain, rivers, plains

technology

___ can help the environment; like hybrid/electric cars and cleaner energy like solar/wind

solar

___ energy comes from the sun

Hajj

___ is a pilgrimage (or trip) to Mecca that all Muslims should make

free trade

___ is trade between countries occuring FREELY, with limited government meddling

political

___ maps that show man-made things, like countries, states, cities

scarcity

___ means having LIMITED resources to meet UNLIMITED wants

domesticated

___ plants and animals are not wild - they rely on HUMANS to feed & take care of them

renewable

___ resources are replaced or regrown quickly, like trees when replanted

majority

___ rule (+50%) means more than 1/2 of representatives approve something

domestic

___ trade that occurs INSIDE a country (Indiana corn traded for Florida oranges)

urbanization

___, movement of people to cities & away from farms, started as ppl moved to cities for jobs

conflicts

____ governments face include border arguments, fights over resources, etc.

OPEC

____ is a group of oil-producing countries whose goal it is to influence the worldwide price of oil

mummifying

____ pharahos was necessary for them to travel to the afterlife (a religious belief)

international

____ trade is trade BETWEEN countries

developing

_____ countries have weak economies + a low standard of living (80% of countries)

developed

______ countries have strong economies, high standard of living (20% of the world)

unlimited government

______ has NO LIMITS to its power & doesn't protect basic rights

limited governments

______ have only the powers listed in a constitution

HDI

a "quality of life" number using life expectancy, literacy, access to clean water, income, etc.

communion

a Christian ritual in remembrance of Jesus at The Last Supper, sharing bread and wine with his Disciples for the last time

Synagogue

a Jewish house of worship

Rabbi

a Jewish religious teacher or leader in a synagogue

Passover

a March or April holiday where Jews remember the Exodus, or journey from Egypt and from slavery

mosque

a Muslim "church" is a ___, or masjid

Andre Carson

a Muslim man who represents us in the House of Reps in Washington DC

spillover

a ___ is something happens as an unintended consequence to another action

scribe

a ___ was a specially-trained Sumerian man/woman who knew how to write in cuneiform

year

a ____ is 365.2422 days (one trip of the Earth around the Sun)

natural resource

a ____ is a resource found naturally in the earth

market economy

a ______ gives freedom to producers and consumers to buy & sell on their own

command economy

a ______ the government makes ALL economic decisions

norm

a behavior normal & acceptable in a society

stele

a carved stone slab or pillar that stands up; Hammurabi's Code was carved into it & displayed

population growth

a cause of recent huge ______ are better medical care, like immunizations & better drugs

crescent

a curved shape, like a partial moon, or a croissant in French baking

constitution

a document saying what powers the US government has

Eid al-Fitr

a family-gathering holiday that ends the daytime fasting month of Ramadan

Cleopatra

a famous female Pharaoh (they didn't have many of 'em)

savanna

a flat, dry, grassy plain in tropical/subtropical regions, like LION KING AFRICA

theocracy

a government (like Iran) where the religion and the government are NOT SEPARATE

monarchy

a government ruled by a king with inherited authority

tyranny

a government that abuses its people

messiah

a leader the Bible had predicted would come to save the earth

citizen

a legal member of a country, either by birth or through naturalization

prophet

a name for a person who said God spoke to him, then repeated that messages for others to hear

wild

a non-domesticated animal is one that is _____, untrusting of humans and living on its own

entrepreneur

a person who risks a lot to start a new business in a market economy

Sikh

a person with a turban is likely this religion

opinion

a person's interpretation of an event; example="Obama was the worst president ever"

foreign policy

a plan on how a country is going to interact with OTHER countries

oil

a reason Saddam invaded Kuwait in 1990 was to steal Kuwait's ___ or petroleum

suburb

a residential area on the outskirts of a city

spills

a side-effect of drilling for oil is how ___ can occur, leaking into the ocean & polluting beaches

kippah

a small cap sometimes worn by Jewish people, mainly men

sphinx

a statue with the body of an animal & the head of a human

Star of David

a symbol associated with the Jews in modern times

ziggurat

a tall pyramid-shaped building where Sumerians performed religious ceremonies

anti-semitism

a term for people who are anti-Jewish

A.D.

a time that occurred after the birth of Christ

Valley of the Kings

a valley on the west bank of the Nile where later pharaohs tombs were hidden

currency

a word for money; each nation's ___ has a different conversion rate

UAE

abbreviated country name; full name "United Arab Emirates"

GIS

abbreviation for "Geographic Information System"

terrorist

after 9/11/2001 the US worried Saddam Hussein might give WMDs to ___ groups like Al-Qaeda

Christ

after Jesus's death some began to call him Jesus ___ , from 'christos' the Greek word for Messiah

Mummy

after death, pharaohs needed to be embalmed or turned into a ___ in order to get to the afterlife

Ibn Battuta

an Islamic explorer who sailed to Africa, India, Spain, & China in the 1300s

authoritarian

an ___ government is run by an abusive single person who denies people basic rights

architect

an ___'s job was to design temples, pyramids, & tombs

treaty

an agreement between countries intended to avoid conflict

empire

an area of land with different territories & people under one ruler

stores

an example of competition is how ____ fight for your business (Kroger, Meijer, Walmart, Target...)

flag

an orange ____ is displayed outside all Sikh temples

Torah

ancient Jews recorded their laws in 5 books called the ___, the most important text of Judaism

metals

ancient civilizations used many ____, including bronze, gold, and silver

Mesopotamia

ancient name for the land between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

hunter-gatherers

another name for nomads who lived dangerous lives, always on the move in search of food for that day

capitalism

another way to say market economy: free market, or _____

foraging

another word for nomadic searching for food in the wild to eat

6,700,000

approximate population of INDIANA

870,000

approximate population of INDIANAPOLIS

artifacts

archaeologists search for and study for ____ of ancient civilizations,

slaves

at the bottom of Egyptian social classes, they were not free

south pole

at the bottom of the globe!

north pole

at the top of the globe!

Judaism

based on belief of one god, reading the Hebrew Bible, began around 2000 BC

Buddhism

based on teachings of Siddhartha Gautama ("Buddha") was born in India 563 BC.

test

becoming a US citizen requires a 10-question ____ over our government and history

B.C.

before Christ

Christianity

beginning around 30AD, based on the teachings & life of Jesus

trinity

belief in the ____ says that God is 3 things at once - the father, son, and holy spirit.

Monotheistic

believing in one god

drafted

citizens may be ___ into the military - hasn't happened since Vietnam War in early 70s

social classes

civilizations have ___ ___, ways people are ranked from high to low status

arts

civilizations have ___, or paintings, song, statues, jewelry that require skilled artisans to produce

architecture

civilizations have _____, large public buildings specially designed & decorated by skilled people

governments

civilizations have _____, or leaders who manage resources , train armies, defend cities, etc.

writing

civilizations have _____, ways to record history using symbols or pictures, and (eventually) letters

temperate

climate zones "in the middle" with have 4 separate seasons

polar

climate zones are the coldest, located near the poles

tropical

climates near the equator that are hot and steamy

higher

climbing ____ on a mountain, you would experience lower temperatures and lower amounts of oxygen

Indians

colonization example = Europeans coming to America & pushing aside the ___ or Native Americans

Singh

common last name for male Sikhs, meaning LION

Turkey

country partly in Europe, partly in Asia

India

country where Sikhism was founded

innovation

cultural ___ is cultural change new technology / inventions

diffusion

cultural ___ is the spread of cultural traits from one culture to another

spread

cultural diffusion is the ___ of cultural elements from one place to another

clay

cuneiform was written on wet ___ and allowed to dry

money

currency (paper) and coin (metal), plus electronic payment options, form a country's ____ system

Donald Trump

current President

timeline

dates & events placed on a line

calligraphy

decorative, artistic, & fancy writing - Islamic words that become artwork

denominations

different interpretations of the Bible led to different ___, or kinds, of Christianity

mining

digging out of the earth things that are useful to humans

Africa

domesticated plants in ____ included yams, okra, blackeyed peas, sorghum (8000-6000BC)

forests

dominated by trees and other woody vegetation

eat

during Ramadan, Muslims must not ___ DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS

time zone

each __ __ is one hour different from its neighbor

pyramids

early Egyptian dynasties built these huge stone tombs with 4 triangular sides & a square base

brush

ecosystem that only has short bushes & small plants, no big trees - semi-dry

math

evidence of their ___ and engineering knowledge is found in the Egyptians' pyramids and temples

sin

evil actions

precipitation

examples of ___ include rain, snow, sleet, hail - falls from the sky

worshipped

examples of gods / godesses ___ in Egypt included Amon-Re, Osirus, Seth, Isis, Horus

astronomy

examples of the Islamic world's discoveries in the area of ___ (study of the sky) included better clocks & improved astrolabe

agriculture

farming

Saddam

first name of currently-dead dictator of Iraq who invaded Kuwait in 1990 & was captured by U.S. troops in 2003

specialization

focusing on making a small # of goods that you do best; not trying to make everything by yourself

Sikh

follower of Sikhism

natural gas

fossil fuel in gas form producing a blue flame when burned on your stove or in your furnace

Muhammad

founder of Islam, born around AD570

wind turbine

generates electricy from wind (also called a windmill)

Red Cross

gives medical aid, food, & help to victims of natural disasters or war

industrialization

going from human/animal power to machine power

imports

goods brought INTO a country

exports

goods sent OUT of a country

taxes

government pays for things with ___ collected (forcibly) from residents

democracy

government where PEOPLE hold the power

oral tradition

history passed down through spoken stories and song (not written down)

Diwali

holiday shared with many Indian people

Golden Temple

holiest site for Sikhs in India

use

how we ___ our land changes over time & can be studied in aerial photography

increase

if there's a shortage or low supply of something, prices would ____

hanging

in 2003 Saddam Hussein was found alive, & by 2006 he was executed by ___

representative democracy

in a ______, citizens choose a people to make laws for them

public works

in a civilization, ___ ___ are city-wide projects like roads, water systems, city walls, built for the good of everyone

government

in a command economy, the _____ makes all economic decisions (what to sell, what to make, etc.)

down

in general, a person moving further from the equator would experience temperatures going ____

leaves

in temperate climates, trees' ___ turn colors and fall off in the fall

machines

industrialization brings ____ to make work easier, faster, more efficient

primary source

info that comes from the person who saw it or experienced it

secondary source

info that doesn't come from the person who witnessed an event happening

astrolabe

it helped sea travelers locate their place on Earth making long sailing possible (before Christopher Columbus!)

rotation

it takes 24 hours for the earth to make one ___, or complete turn

inherit

kings ___ their power because they're related to the past king

Punjabi

language of Sikhism

Arabic

language spoken by Saudi Arabians & most countries around it (except Israel, Turkey)

United Nations

largest international organization, meets in NYC, has 193 member nations

Kaur

last name taken by many Sikhs women, meaning "Princess"

Osama bin Laden

leader of the Al-Qaeda terrorists that planned the 9/11 attack and used Afghanistan as a training place in 2001

president

leader of the executive branch in the federal government

equator

line around middle of earth that divides north/south hemisphere

longitude

lines measuring distance east or west from the PRIME MERIDIAN

latitude

lines measuring distance north and south FROM THE EQUATOR

rural

living "in the country" away from cities is living in a ___ area

urban

living in a city is ____ living, not rural living

Catholic

local _____ churches include St. Barnabas, St. Roch, St. Mark, St. Jude

gasoline

made from petroleum, it powers most of our cars

Oil

many Middle East countries make money from selling the ___ they have beneath the ground

miracles

many saw Jesus perform ___, things that can't normally be done by humans

elevation

measurement of the land's HEIGHT above sea level is its ____

bronze

metal alloy (or mixture) that Sumerians used, making harder, more durable tools/weapons

hijab

most Islamic women over age 9-10 wear this head covering

frozen

most fresh water on earth is ___ in sheets of ice at the poles

Hinduism

most popular India religion believing in "karma" and a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (reincarnation)

colonization

movement of new settlers & culture to a land

currents

movements of surface water and winds that affect our climate by moving hot and cold wind/water around

Menorah

multi-candle Hanukkah candleholder that is lit during Hanukkah's 8 days

Egyptian

mummies, pharaohs, hieroglyphics are associated with the ____ civilization

Hammurabi's Code

nearly 300 laws & punishments dealing with almost every part of life in Mesopotamia

suburbs

nickname for the area in between urban and rural areas

coal

non-renewable fossil fuel burned to create much of the world's electricity

water

oil and ___ are the 2 most important resources in the Middle East

north

on a map, almost always, this direction is UP toward the top of the map

scale

on a map, the ___ bar shows distance (like 1 inch = 200 miles)

left

on a timeline, older events are usually on the ____ of the timeline

orbit

one trip of the Earth around the Sun

key

part of a map telling what the colors & symbols mean

nomads

people wandering in search of food or animals to hunt, never staying too long in 1 place (10000+ yrs ago)

consumers

people who buy products are ___ (those who BUY)

Muslims

people who follow the Islamic faith

producers

people who make products are called ____ (those who MAKE)

one god

perhaps the first religion to talk of ___ ___, not many gods, was a 600 BC man named Zoroaster of the Persian Empire

fossil fuels

petroleum, coal, natural gas, are examples of ___ ___

cities

population centers were people live close to neighbors

standard of living

population growth can lead to a higher __ __ __ as people produce & consume more goods

bias

prejudice or an unfair preference for one side of a issue

oath

raising your right hand and promising to show allegiance to the US as a new citizen

food

recent huge population growth couldn't happen unless farmers had improved ____ production to prevent starving

Punjab

region in northwest India and Pakistan where Sikhism was founded

Guru

religious leader or teacher

deforestation

removing too many trees

jury

responsibility of citizens includes serving on a ____ to decide an accused person's guilt or innocence

Indus River

river of a first civilization, today in Pakistan

Tigris and Euphrates

rivers the people in the Middle East depended on to water their fields of grains

compass rose

shows direction north-east-south-west on a map

cavalry

soldiers who fight on horseback, or use horses in battle

nuclear

some fear Iran's ___ power plants could lead to them building ___ weapons

gas

some of the "weapons of mass destruction" that Saddam used in the 80s & 90s included poison __ that burned & blistered skin

historian

someone who studies past events

fact

something that actually happened

Sikh logo

symbol for Sikhism

religion

system of worship & belief that guides peoples' lives

minarets

tall towers from which the "Call to Prayer" can be heard 5X a day the Muslim world

ISIS

terrorist group that has terrorized Syrians and Iraqi citizens

200

the # of years between 100AD and 100BC

irrigation

the 1st civilizations used ___ to direct river water to their dry crop land

Bethlehem

the Bible says Jesus was born in this small town in the Roman province of Judea

sabbath

the Christian ____ or holy day is Sunday

calendar

the Egyptians made a 365 day _____ based on movements of the sun, not the moon as other ancient people used

pilgrimage

the HAJJ is a ___ (or trip for a religious reasons) to Mecca that Muslims should make during their lifetime

Pakistan

the Indus River is in today's country of ______

language

the Indus River's written ___ isn't readable yet, so little is known about them

Moses

the Jewish leader who led the Jews out of Egypt (the Exodus) & back 2 Israel

one

the Jewish people are thought to have formed the first major ___-god religion in history

India

the Muslim-controlled Mughal Empire (builders of the Taj Majal) was in the country called ___ today

fertile

the Nile River created a strip of ___ (easy to farm) soil for farming

alphabet

the Phoenicians made a 22-letter ___ that could be combined to form words

Giza Pyramids

the Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, the Pyramid of Menkaure, next to the Great Sphinx

pork

the Quran tells Muslims to not eat ___ or drink alcohol, & to wash before prayer

demand

the WANT or desire for goods; the amount that is wanted

Rosetta Stone

the __ __, discovered in 1799, helped people to finally translate hieroglyphics

Executive

the ___ branch (president) enforces laws, runs foreign policy, commands military

legislative

the ___ branch MAKES LAWS, sets taxes, spends money

Judicial

the ___ branch settles arguments through the courts

Taliban

the ___ is an Afghanistan radical Muslim group that arose in the 1990s

Pope

the ___ is the leader of the Catholic church

Romans

the ___ treated the Jews poorly, taxing them, killing some of them, & even banning their religion

Iran-Iraq

the ___-___ War lasted from 1980-1988, starting when Saddam Hussein invaded his neighbor

supply

the amount available for use or purchase

Five K's

the articles of the Sikh faith worn by many

culture

the beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors of a particular nation or group of people

opportunity cost

the cost of what you give up in order to do something else

Egypt

the country of ___ is where you'd find artifacts from the Ancient Egyptians

Pope Francis

the current leader of the Catholic Church

reincarnation

the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hinduism/Buddhism

rivers

the earliest civilizations were located along ____ which provided water for drinking and watering of crops

South America

the earliest domesticated animals in ____ _____ were guinea pigs, llamas, and alpacas (3000BC)

North America

the earliest domesticated plants in ___ ____ were maize (corn), beans, squash, tomatoes (4000BC)

empires

the growth of the Ottoman, Safavid, & Mughal ___ into Europe, Africa, & Asia for in 400 years shows the spread of Islam

mayor

the head of a city government, Joe Hogsett in Indianapolis

governor

the head of a state government

inflation

the increase in prices over time

canopic jars

the jars that Egyptians used to hold many internal organs from their dead pharaohs

Euphrates

the land between the Tigris and ___ Rivers was called Mesopotamia in the ancient world

Tigris

the land between the __ and Euphrates Rivers was called Mesopotamia in the ancient world

Hebrew

the language in which the Torah is written, bar mitzvah kids must read it aloud

life expectancy

the length of time an average person lives in a country

climate

the long-term average weather of a place over many years

East Asia

the main domesticated plant in ___ ___ (in today's China) was RICE

Israel

the modern ___ was created in 1947, divided into Jewish & Arab/Muslim states

profit

the money left over after subtracting the cost of doing business

desert

the most common climate type on the Arabian Peninsula - quite dry!

Mecca

the most holy city to Muslims, located in Saudi Arabia

christianity

the most practiced religion in the world today

migration

the movement of people from one place to another

judges

the president names ___ to federal courts, but the Senate must approve them

weather

the quick-changing measure of temp / rain at a given time and place

Islam

the religion of ___ spread through trade & travel to China, India, S.E. Asia, Europe, & Africa

Bush

the same last name of the 2 US presidents (father & son) who ordered attacks against Iraq in 1991 & in 2003

recycling

the separation, sorting, collection, & reusing of certain materials

competition

the struggle among producers (like Kroger,Meijer,Walmart) for the chance to earn your money

archaeology

the study of the past by digging up & studying artifacts

9/11/2001

the terrorist attack in the U.S. on _/__/___ was planned by Osama Bin Laden

prehistory

the time before writing was invented

Supreme Court

the top court in America (9 members)

Exodus

the trip where Moses led the Jews out of Egypt & back to Israel

Gross Domestic Product

the value of all goods produced in a country in a year in $

rainy

the wettest, most ____ parts of the world tend to be near the Equator

7 billion

the world's population today is over ___ people

artists

their job was to paint the detailed scenes in a pharaoh's tomb or on temple walls

scribes

their job was to write down things using hieroglyphics, keep records for government & write religious texts

five

there are ___ Pillars of Islam, things all Muslims must agree to and follow

calendars

there are other ____; in the Jewish world the year is 5780 and in the Islamic world the year's 1441

Calendars

there were other ____ in use in history, like the one the Romans used, the Jewish calendar, the Muslim calendar, etc.

pictographs

they are picture symbols used in writing, like in cuneiform and hieroglyphics

camels

they helped Arabian people cross hot & dry deserts with temps 100+

archaeologists

they study the artifacts left behind by ancient people

pharaohs

they were kings in Ancient Egypt, also considered living gods

incentives

things that encourage people to act in a certain way

Afghanistan

this country was used by al-Qaeda as a a training / hiding place in 2001

WMD

three-letter abbreviation for "weapons of mass destruction", which Saddam used in the 80s & 90s

domesticate

to _____ an animal means to make it tame, to make it dependent on and friendly to humans (NOT WILD ANYMORE)

scarce

to be rare, or in short supply... like a 100 year old autographed baseball card

Turban

traditional head covering for Sikhs

Hinduism and Islam

two religions surrounded the Sikh people on the east and west in India

punishment

under Hammurabi's Code, each crime brought a specific ___ or penalty (an eye for an eye)

no

was everyone mummified in Ancient Egypt?

pollution

waste that makes the soil, air, or water less clean

grains

wheat & barley were likely the earliest ___ grown by farmers in the Middle East (9000-7000BC)

Plagues

when Egypt's pharaoh refused to set the captive Jews free, the Bible says God sent 10 terrible ____, or disasters, against Egypt

died

when Muhammad ___ an argument over who should be Islam's next leader started the Sunni-Shia split

Sunni and Shia

when Muhammad died, disagreement on who should be Islam's next leader led to the split between ___ ___ ___ Muslims

farmers

when ___ weren't farming, the pharaoh expected them to work on building projects such as pyramids

bar mitzvah

when a 13 year old boy becomes part of the Jewish faith, reads the Torah aloud, has a party

diversity

when many cultures are together, a place has a lot of ___

silt

when the Nile flooded, it brought a new layer of ___ to make the soil more fertile every year

job specialization

when workers focus on just one job/career while other people focus on the other jobs

hemisphere

word meaning "half of the earth"