FIT 2.01 - Questions

Code systems commonly used.

ASCII - The American Standard Code for Information Interchange codes were developed as a standard that assigns numeric values to letters, numbers, and other text characters. ASCII was useful for English characters, numbers and punctuation, but not for encoding in other languages. Unicode - Unicode was developed to unify all the different encoding schemes around the world so that computers are not limited in their ability to decode other languages. Unicode currently defines values for over 100,000 characters. A common use of Unicode is as a character encoding system in HTML on the World Wide Web.

Sound produced by a speaker is an example of ___________ data.

Analog

__________ software includes the programs that users access on the computer, like Photoshop and World of WarCraft.

Application

Convert 1011(BIN) to a hexadecimal equivalent.

B (HEX)

Which device is essential for mathematical calculations in a computer?

CPU

Cache memory, also called CPU memory, is random access memory (RAM) that a computer microprocessor can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. This memory is typically integrated directly with the CPU chip or placed on a separate chip that has a separate bus interconnect with the CPU.

Cache memory

Hardware includes the __________ __________ __________, the main memory, secondary __________, and the _______/__________devices.

Central Processing unit - Storage - input/output

Connects the microprocessor to the rest of the motherboard, and subsequently, to the whole computer. The chipset is the gateway from the CPU to all peripherals.

Chipset

Which of these is not a component of a CPU?

Chipset

A general purpose device which can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. It can be one of many devices, such as a desktop, a mobile phone, a tablet PC, or a GPS system. Computer systems handle information

Computer

Also called character sets, binary or hexadecimal encoding systems are methods of representing commonly known items as a series of binary numbers. Common encoding systems are used to represent alphabet characters and punctuation with binary numbers (ASCII is an example) or colors as binary numbers (RGB for web development, CYMK for printing). Binary encoding schemes are needed because a binary system has only two values (0 or 1), but if you have two bits you can represent 4 different entities. 8 bits will allow representation of 256 entities.

Encoding systems

The most basic division of a computer system is between the __________ and the ___________ .

Hardware - Software

Which number system is represented by BF?

Hexadecimal

Which number system uses numerical and alphabetical characters to denote all numbers?

Hexadecimal

18. What part of the CPU die takes up the most space?

L2 Cache

Personal computers for mobile use. It incorporates CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse into a single unit along with a rechargeable battery to power the device for a limited amount of time. Some laptops also incorporate a touch sensitive screen.

Laptop computers

A central processing unit in a computer. It receives, transmits, and coordinates every command and process carried out by the system. Electrical currents, moving through wires and transistors, are converted into usable messages through the use of a Boolean logic language.

Microprocessor

Types of Processors.

Microprocessor, CPU or MPU operations

Devices on all types of computers provide the user with requested or needed information.

Output

Which test does the BIOS perform as the computer is turned on?

POST

Types of input devices

Peripherical device, Keyboard, Mouse, Stylus, Touch screen, Microphone, Scanner

Handheld computers are computers that can conveniently be stored in a pocket and used by holding the computer in the hand.

Personal Electronic Devices Examples: (1) iPod (2) Nintendo 3DS (3) Sony Vita (4) Smart Phones (5) GPS (6) Digital Voice Recorder

Hardware is described as all of the __________ __________ of the computer that can be touched with the hand.

Physical parts

What is NOT a use for a server?

Playing movies on a TV connected to the computer

Type of Output Devices.

Printer - A printer is a peripheral device that produces a hard copy from data stored in a computer connected to it. The printer receives instructions from the computer to implement a print job. Speaker - A speaker is a peripheral device that uses a voice coil, an electromagnet, to receive an electronic signal from the audio in a computer. The coil moves up and down in the electromagnetic field. The coil causes a diaphragm to vibrate, producing sound waves. The human ear can hear the sound produced by the sound waves. Monitor - The monitor is the visual output device connected to a computer. It displays pictures and images in real time.

Input Data------>____________---------> Output Data

Processing

Parts of all types of computers that decode instructions and define input so that information can be output.

Processing

A computer that provides various shared resources to workstations on a computer network.

Server

Sample of an input and Output device

Touch screen monitor

There are three steps that the CPU must follow to assure that a program operates without error.

a. Fetch phase - The CPU fetches the program that the user chooses to open. b. Decode phase - The CPU must decode the instructions in the program. c. Execute phase - After the CPU has decoded a program's instructions, it can follow the numerical order of those instructions and load the program for use.

The __________ unit of the CPU manages the flow of instructions

control

The CPU is a microchip that receives and encodes __________ from memory.

instructions

A bit value of 0 means "__________," and a bit value of __________ means "on."

off - 1

The arithmetic/logic unit of the CPU performs ________ with numbers

operations

. The main memory is __________ - information stored here will be lost if the power supply is turned off.

volatile

Server applications that can be installed in a Server

(1) Web (2) Application (3) Media (4) Mail (5) Game server

Binary systems mesures

(a) Bit - A bit is a binary number that is the smallest unit of information a computer can use. (b) Byte - A byte is 8 (23) bits and can be written as 256 different decimal numbers. (c) Nibble - A nibble is 4 (22) bits or 1 hexadecimal digit. (d) Kilobyte - A kilobyte has a value of 1024 or 210. (e) Megabyte - A megabyte has a value of 1,048,576 or 220. (f) Gigabyte - A gigabyte has a value of 1,073,741,824 or 230. (g) Terabyte - A terabyte has a value of 1,099,511,627,776 or 240.

Digital Systems characteristics

(a) Discrete numbers - Discrete numbers, integral to discrete mathematics, are usually represented by integers. (b) Digital systems produce a signal that takes on a discrete value along a scale, i.e. 1, 1.2, 1.76, 2.1 ... (c) Digital systems are used in all modern-day computers and communications. (d) Digital systems are built using programmable components. (e) A standardized circuit can handle digital signals and a system can be implemented through software.

Convert 1010(BIN) to a decimal equivalent.

10 (DEC)

Computers are personal computers in a form intended for regular use at a single location. They are not intended to be mobile devices. Typically consist of a separate CPU enclosure, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Desktop computers

14. A CPU processes ___________ data.

Digital

Which type of storage device is volatile?

Dynamic RAM

The process of representing items with distinct numerical values is known as :

Encoding

IPO+S

Information Processing Cycle. It includes: Input, Processing, Output, Storage

Found on computers of all types are the vehicles for the user to direct the computer's operations

Input Devices

Software contains all the programmed __________ in the computer and includes the __________ software, or the __________ __________, and the __________ software.

Instructions - Systems - Operating Systems - Applications

A grouping of 4 bits is called a :

Nibble

Types of computers

Server Desktop Computers Laptop Computers Tablet Computers Personal Electronic devices

technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data. Computers of all types have the capability of storing information so the user saves time and money.

Storage

What would be a use of cache memory?

Store the last few procedures you executed while editing the paper

usually small, lightweight mobile computers integrated into a flat touch screen and primarily operated by touching the screen rather than using a physical keyboard.

Tablet computers

Analog Systems characteristics

(a) Analog systems produce a signal that can take on any value along a continuous scale, i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4 ... (b) Few modern devices use analog systems. (c) Music, sound waves, etc are examples of analog systems.

Cache Memory can be described as Levels that describe its closeness and accessibility to the microprocessor, These levels are:

- Level 1 (L1) cache is extremely fast but relatively small, and is usually embedded in the processor chip (CPU). - Level 2 (L2) cache is often more capacious than L1; it may be located on the CPU or on a separate chip or coprocessor with a high-speed alternative system bus interconnecting the cache to the CPU, so as not to be slowed by traffic on the main system bus. - Level 3 (L3) cache is typically specialized memory that works to improve the performance of L1 and L2. It can be significantly slower than L1 or L2, but is usually double the speed of RAM.

How many type of systems exist?

1. Analog Systems 2. Digital Systems

Systems used in Computer equipments

1. Decimal numbers (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) 2. Binary Systems (0,1) 3. Hexadecimal Systems (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C.D.E.F)

Types of Permanent Storage

1. Read Only Memory is permanent storage (and not accurately named). Read only memory comes in the form of chips, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc. The important point about ROM is that data is usually stored permanently and not easily changed. 2. Mass storage devices like disk drives, SSDs, flash drives and others are also permanent.

Types of storage

1. Temporary Storage Computers have temporary storage devices, described as volatile, like Random Access Memory (RAM), that retain data only as long as there is a power supply connected. 2. Permanent Storage most data needs to be stored permanently, even when the device does not have power

Convert 7 (base10) to a binary equivalent

111(base 2)

How many bits are require to form a byte?

8

Process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on.

A power-on self-test (POST)

What is a good use for a Server

A. Provide storage of files on a network B. Controlling a computer network C. Hosting a commercial website