Flammable liquids

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Water solubility

Ability to mix with water Often affects fire extinguishment "Alcohol" foam Hydrocarbons don't mix Polar solvents do mix

Hydrocarbons

Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen Ex: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, solvents and heavy lubricating oils.

Pyrophoric liquid

A liquid that will ignite spontaneously in air at or below 130 *F.

Flammable liquid

A liquid with a flashpoint below 100*F and vapor pressure below 40 psi at 100* F Vapors can readily ignite. Example: gasoline

Polar solvents

Liquid fuels which are water soluble or water miscible Ex: alcohols, ketones acetone, amines, and anhydrides

Combustible liquids

Liquids with a flashpoint equal to or above 100* F Ex: fuel oil

Flashpoint

Minimum temp to which a liquid must be heated to produce enough vapor to allow a vapor flash to occur when an ignition source is present.

Ignition Temperature

Minimum temp to which a material must be heated to cause the material to ignite. ( no spark or open flame needed)

Fire point

Temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to sustain combustion.

Boiling point

Temperature at which vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure Liquid rapidly becomes a vapor

Flammable range (explosive range)

The concentration of fuel vapor and air needed to form an ignitable mixture. Expressed in % vapor/ air. Ex: gasoline UEL: too rich (7.6%) LEL: Too lean (1.4%) So anything between 1.4-7.6 is flammable

Vapor pressure

The pressure resulting from the evaporation (vaporization) of a liquid. - vapor pressure increases with temperature - vapor can push through a foam blanket Ex: gasoline= 2-3 psi

Vapor density

VD of air=1 VD below air rises VD above air sinks

Specific gravity

Weight of a liquid compared to water SG of water: 1 SG less than 1 floats SG more than 1 sinks


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