Fluid volume excess (Hypervolemia)

What are some manifestations of this?

Edema distended neck veins crackles in lungs Weight gain Tachycardia increased urine output orthopnea wheezing hypertension increased respiratory rate Ascites

What is hypervolemia?

Fluid overload/retention Abnormal retention of *water and sodium*

What factors can cause this?

heart failure renal failure cirrhosis of liver Consumption of excess fluids, sodium

What are some ways to manage this problem?

management is directed usually at the cause restricting fluids and sodium intake giving medications like diuretics (loop diuretic) changes in diet *a lot of canned food have excess sodium* dialysis Seasoning substitutes i.e garlic, lemon, onion recommend distilled water Increase protein intake Avoid water softeners

What are some nursing interventions?

measure I&O Daily weight Breath sounds level of edema promote rest restrict diet intake of sodium and fluids administer appropriate meds Place pt. in semi fowlers if dyspnea is present Use of antiembolism stockings or compression devices Turn pt. in bed regularly monitor sodium levels monitor response to meds