FN - Chapter 25: Asepsis and Infection Control
Bacterial meningitis is a diagnosis that requires droplet precautions. That is, nurses must wear a gown and gloves as well as a mask. In most cases, a surgical mask is sufficient and an N95 mask is not necessary. Goggles are not required.
bacterial meningitis
The nurse is initiating isolation precautions for a client who has chronic Clostridium difficile infection. What should the nurse be sure to include with these precautions? remind others to use a mask when caring for this client recognize that this type of infection requires droplet precautions be sure that there are gloves of various sizes and gowns for use include a N95 respirator mask for health care staff entering the room
be sure that there are gloves of various sizes and gowns for use All health care workers and visitors should don a gown and gloves prior to entering the client's room. These bacteria are not transmitted by droplet. An N95 respirator mask is not required for this client.
Which term describes foreign particles that enter a host and stimulate the body's immune response? Macrophage Phagocyte Antibody Antigen
Antigen Antigens are foreign particles, such as microbes, that enter a host.
The nurse is caring for a client who requires droplet precautions. Which statement made by the client would indicate further teaching is required? "Any staff who enters my room will be wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)." "I can leave my room any time I want as long as I wear a mask." "I will tell my visitors to keep their distance from me." "My personal belongings should remain in the room until I am discharged."
"I can leave my room any time I want as long as I wear a mask." The client on droplet precautions should only leave the room when necessary and wear a mask. The nurse should limit the client's movement outside the room. Visitors should remain 3 feet (1 meter) from the client. Anything that enters the isolation room should remain until discharge. Any staff who enters the room will wear PPE.
Several family members are visiting a client with an antibiotic-resistant infection who has been placed on contact precautions. When the nurse teaches the visitors about wearing gloves and gowns, a family member states, "I don't want to wear those. I can't catch anything just by holding my loved one's hand." What is the best response to educate the family about infection transmission? "I understand; wearing these items is not pleasant but it really isn't optional." "If you don't come into contact with anything with your body, you may wear gloves only, as long as you wash your hands after removing the gloves." "These barriers help prevent the transmission of infection to you or other people." "Wearing the gloves and gown prevents sharing additional microorganisms with the client."
"These barriers help prevent the transmission of infection to you or other people." Contact precautions block transmission of pathogens by direct or indirect contact Wearing a gown and gloves decreases the chance of the contaminating organism to be spread to the visitors via hands or clothing or even to others the visitors may come in contact with. While wearing gloves and gown may prevent sharing additional microorganisms with the client, that is not the reason for contact precautions. Agreeing that wearing the gown and gloves is not pleasant doesn't educate the family member.
Which client presents the most significant risk factors for the development of Clostridium difficile infection? 81-year-old client who has been receiving multiple antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis 30-year-old client who has recently contracted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 44-year-old client who is paralyzed and whose pressure injury on the coccyx required a skin graft 56-year-old client with acute kidney injury who receives hemodialysis three times weekly
81-year-old client who has been receiving multiple antibiotics for the treatment of sepsis Two common factors that increase a client's risk of becoming infected with Clostridium difficile are age greater than 65 and current or recent use of antibiotics. The client who is 81 years of age and received recent, long-term antibiotic therapy is at significant risk C. difficile infection. These risk factors supersede the risks posed by recent HIV infection, skin grafts, and hemodialysis.
Which client should the nurse determine is at greatest risk for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection? Client receiving chemotherapy Client with a history of eczema Client on a short course of vancomycin Client in the ICU for one day
Client receiving chemotherapy The nurse should determine that the client receiving chemotherapy is the client at greatest risk for VRE infection due to having a compromised immune system from the chemotherapy. Other risk factors for VRE include recent surgery, presence of urinary or central IV catheter, prolonged antibiotic use (especially with vancomycin), and lengthy hospital stays (especially in an ICU).
Upon review of a client's microbiology culture results, the nurse recognizes which organism as indicative of normal flora? Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract Escherichia coli in the urinary tract Shigella in the intestinal tract Shigella in the urinary tract
Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract Escherichia coli residing in the intestinal tract is typical normal flora. Escherichia coli in the urinary tract is indicative of a urinary tract infection. Shigella germs are a common cause of severe diarrhea and are contagious. Shigella in the urinary tract is indicative of a urinary tract infection.
The nurse working with the hospital's infection control team is attempting to decrease the transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens. Which intervention will be most effective? Incentivizing health care workers to utilize hand hygiene Revising the facility's infection control protocols Encouraging visitors to adhere to isolation precautions Limiting visitors to family members over the age of 18
Incentivizing health care workers to utilize hand hygiene Most healthcare-associated pathogens are transmitted via the contaminated hands of health care workers. Therefore, the most effective strategies for decreasing transmission are those that educate or encourage health care workers to utilize effective hand hygiene. Revising the agency's infection control protocols is not nursing centered. Encouraging visitors to adhere to isolation precautions is important but does not affect the immediate surroundings and personal space that can cause a contaminated work environment. Limiting visitors to family members over the age of 18 is not client-centered care and will not decrease transmission of pathogens.
A nurse is preparing a class for a group of new parents about infections and infants. When reviewing the development of the infant's immune system, what would the nurse be least likely to include? Resistance to infection is primarily due to maternal antibodies. It takes about 6 months for the system to become fully functional. Newborns have little difficulty localizing infections. Viral diseases early on can cause severe widespread disease.
Newborns have little difficulty localizing infections. The immune system does not become fully operational until an infant reaches about 6 months of age (Shaw, Thalapial, Shaw, & Malla, 2007). Before then, the infant's resistance to infection comes from the antibodies passed by way of the placenta and breast milk. Newborns have difficulty localizing infections (preventing the spread of organisms from the site of contact). Their phagocytes have difficulty trapping microbes, and they do not produce enough antibodies. At this time viral diseases such as chickenpox or herpes simplex, acquired from the birth canal or from an infected sibling, can cause severe widespread disease.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been placed in strict isolation. Which nursing action is appropriate? Allow many family members to visit at once. Deliver flowers and balloons to the room. Remove fresh fruit from the room. No special precautions are required.
Remove fresh fruit from the room. Fresh fruit and flowers can carry pathogens and chemicals to which the client should not be exposed. The number of visitors should be controlled to prevent exposure to multiple infection opportunities.
A group of nursing students is reviewing the various white blood cells and how they function in infection. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which cell as important in synthesizing immunoglobulins? Neutrophils Eosinophils T-lymphocytes Monocytes
T-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes are important in synthesizing immunoglobulins. Neutrophils are phagocytes that ingest and break down foreign particles and act as an important link in generating fever. Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions. Monocytes are scavenger cells that dispose of cellular debris.
A nurse is taking stock of the equipment in the room of an older adult client with pneumonia who has been on parenteral nutrition for a long time. Which equipment can transmit infection to older adult clients? indwelling catheter bath blanket face shields specimen containers
indwelling catheter Infections are often transmitted to older adult clients through equipment reservoirs (e.g., indwelling urinary catheters, humidifiers, and oxygen equipment) or through incisional sites, such as those for intravenous tubing, parenteral nutrition, or tube feedings. Use of proper aseptic techniques is essential to prevent the introduction of microorganisms. Bath blankets, face shields, and specimen containers are not part of the equipment reservoir that transmits infection easily, because they are disposed of immediately after one-time use.