Food and Nutrition Chapter 5
What is another name of polysaccharide?
Complex Carbohydrates
Compounds comprised of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together
Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
Milk and other daily products are major food source of
Lactose
What is produced when starch is broken down to just two glucose molecules bonded together?
Maltose
_____ has two glucose molecules bonded together
Maltose (malt sugar)
Simple sugar that is the basic chemical unit of carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
The simplest type of sugar, _____, is the basic chemical unit of carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down the disaccharides into
Monosaccharides
Rich sources of soluble fiber
Oat bran, oatmeal, beans, apples, carrots, oranges and citrus fruits and psyllium seeds
Storage polysaccharide in plants
Starch
Examples of polysaccharides
Starch, fiber, and glycogen
Glucose and fructose bonded together from which disaccharide?
Sucrose
A disaccharide is a sugar comprised of two monosaccharides.
T
Aspartame consists of phenylalanine and aspartic acid, two amino acids, the molecules that comprise proteins
T
Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, and mucilages are carbohydrate forms of fiber; lignin is the only type of fiver that is not carbohydrate
T
Cyclamate is banned in 1970
T
Glucagon increases blood glucose
T
Honey can contain spores, the inactive life stage of the deadly bacterium Clostridium botulinum that resist being destroyed by food preservation methods.
T
Insulin decreases blood glucose
T
Soluble types of fiber, such as pectins and gums, dissolve or swell in water.
T
Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures. Plants store glucose as starch, particularly in their seeds, roots, and fleshly underground stems called tubers
T
Sucralose, sold under the brand name "Splenda," is made from a molecule of sucrose that has been chemically modified to escape digestion and absorption. As a result, sucralose sweetens foods and beverages without increasing their caloric value
T
The body has little need for fructose; therefore, most fructose is converted into glucose or fat
T
The glycemic load (GL) is the grams of carbohydrate in a serving of food multiplied by the food's GL; this figure then divided by 100
T
The simplest type of sugar, the monosaccharide, is the basic chemical unit of carbohydrates.
T
Unlike sugars, alcohols do not promote dental decay; thus, these compounds are used to replace sucrose in products such as sugar-free chewing gums, breath mints, and "diabetic" candies.
T
Some of the newest nonnutritive sweeteners are made from the leaves of the South American shrub Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.
T (Rebiana)
The source of energy for carbohydrate production by plants comes from
The sun
Fiber
1) adds bulk to feces 2) a substance found in plants 3) is a complex carbohydrate
Phenylketonuria
A rare inherited disorder that results in abnormal phenylalanine metabolism
Ketone bodies are chemicals that result from the incomplete breakdown of fat. Muscles and brain cells can use ketone bodies for energy, but a condition commonly called ketosis occurs, when these compounds accumulate in the blood.
t
A highly branched chain of glucose units
Amylopectin
A long, straight chain of glucose units
Amylose
Cannot be used for cooking
Aspartame
Rich sources of insoluble fiber
Brown rice, whole grain products
Glucose is also called
Dextrose and may be referred to as blood sugar
Nondigestible plant material; most types are polysaccharides
Dietary fiber
A ____ is a sugar comprised of two monosaccharaides
Disaccharide
The primary function of carbohydrates in the body
Energy
Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials
F
_____ is naturally found in fruit, honey, and few vegetables, particularly cabbage, green beans, and asparagus
Fructose (fruit sugar or levulose)
_____ is a component of lactose, the form of carbohydrate in milk
Galactose
Two monosaccharides components of milk sugar
Galactose, gulcose
Amylose and amylopectin are forms of starch made by plants
T
Monosaccharide that is a primary fuel for muscles and other cells; "dextrose" or "blood sugar"
Glucose
Plants can use _____ to make fiver, starch, and other sugars
Glucose
Class of nutrients that includes glucose, a major source of energy for the body
Carbohydrates
Simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharaides
Disaccharide
Primary source of fuel for the body's cells
Glucose
Fructose is converted to _____ and _____ after it is consumed
Glucose, fat
Caloric sweetener that is often added to food
High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)
Low-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance and is called
Ketosis
Aspartame has been blamed for causing a variety of health problems, including cancer, certain immune system diseases, and chronic headaches
T
Insoluble form of fiber, such as cellulose and lignin, generally do not dissolve in water
T
Lactose can be found in certain animal products
T
Milk is not a natural source of sucrose
T
Muscles and the liver are the major sites for glycogen formation and storage
T
Soluble fibers are metabolized by intestinal bacteria
T
Group of carbohydrates that includes sugars
Simple carbohydrates
Brain's primary fuel source
Simple sugars
Plants use the sun's energy to combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms from carbon dioxide and water to make _____. As a result of this process, oxygen gas is released.
Glucose
What is the major monosaccharide in the body?
Glucose
Which simple carbohydrate is the primary fuel for muscle cells
Glucose
_____ is the most important monosaccharide in the human body because it is a primary fuel for muscle and other cells
Glucose
The three most important dietary monosaccharaides are
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
Human breast milk contains which monosaccharides?
Glucose, galactose
Storage polysaccharide in animals
Glycogen
