for sure patho 3
the nurse is counseling a couple who would like to start a family. The man has sickle cell disease and the woman does not have sickle cell disease or the sickle cell trait. Which statement by the man indicates an understanding of the transmission of the disease?
"All our children will have the sickle cell trait."
the lifespan of the neutrophil is
1-3 days
life span for normal platelets
7-10 days
plan of care for patient with anemia due to alcoholism should include administration of which vitamin?
B
your client with chronic renal failure asks why she has developed hypertension (HTN). what is the basis of your response?
HTN is caused by alteration in renin-angiotensin levels.
which of the following abg levels would be suggestive of resp failure
PO2 45mm and PCO2 60 mm
neutropenia refers to
a decrease in neutrophils
the common etiologic factor in respiratory distress syndrome is thought to be
a deficiency of surfactant
client with a gunshot won't requires an emergency blood transfusion. His blood type is a B negative. Which blood type would be the safest for him to receive?
a rh negative
which one of the following total serum cholesterol levels is considered desirable?
a total serum cholesterol less than 200 mg/dl
which of the following best characterizes emphysema
abnormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of the alveolar walls.
a patient with hypertension develops renal disease. the kidneys assist in the control of BP by
activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
12-year-old client is admitted to the unit for a diagnostic workshop. Child has been complaining of headache and nausea and vomiting. Blood work shows high levels of immature precursor B and T lymphocytes. A physical assessment indicated lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. What does the nurse suspect:
acute lymphocytic leukemia
bronchial asthma has been defined as having three components, which include?
airway inflammation
raynauds syndrome is a pathologic condition of the arteries due to
an exagerated vasoconstrictor response
mrs. J was given a shot of penicillin at the ER. Shortly after that, she complained of difficulty breathing. What type of shock does this reaction represent?
anaphylactic
organ damage that occurs as the results of long term uncontrolled hypertension is associated with
atherosclerosis
a pulmonary embolism typically occurs when
blood clot detaches itself from a DVT and lodges in pulmonary arterial system
causes of acute renal failure include
both b and c are correct; stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters and heart failure leading to poor renal profusion
symptoms classic for thrombocytopenia
bruising and petechiae
The nurse is performing a skin assessment on a client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate?
butterfly rash, alopecia, discoid lesions
food client should avoid with leukemia
carrot sticks
a client is in renal failure. The physician has ordered parental erythropoietin for this client. The nurse gives this medication with confidence, knowing the client has which of the following anemia
chronic disease anemia
adult client is being test for leukemia. Lab work shows the presence of Philadelphia chromosomes. Based on the result, which type of leukemia does the nurse knows the patient has:
chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml)
increased parasympathetic activity causes which effect on the respiratory bronchioles
constriction of the bronchioles
how does cigarette smoke initially damage the lungs?
continuosly stimulating the inflammatory response
client admitted for treatment of prinzmetal's angina. when developing the care plan, the nurse keep in mind that this type of angina is triggered by:
coronary vasospasms
all of the following represent factors favoring edema except
decreased interstitial oncotic pressure
which of the following diagnostic findings are most likely for a client with aplastic anemia:
decreased levels of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets
the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is aimed at
decreasing pulmonary hydrostatic pressure
factors that may precipitate sickle cell crisis include:
dehydration and infection
left sided heart failure
dyspnea, moist coughs, rales
the most common complication of early myocardial infarction is:
dysrhythmias
which granulocyte functions in antibody-mediated defense against parasites?
eosinophils
client is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Which organism is associated with the disorder?
epstein-barr virus
clinical manifestations that characterize asthma include both
expiratory wheeze and dyspnea
when there is a leakage of proteins and abc into the urine, you would suspect damage of which structure in the kidney?
glomerular basement membrane
in sickle cell anemia, the predominant type of abnormal hemoglobin is:
hemoglobin s
Administering a high concentration of oxygen to a person with chronic hypoxia can be harmful because:
high concentrations suppress the oxygen chemoreceptors, which provide the main stimulus for ventilation.
which of the following conditions is a client with multiple myeloma (MM) monitored
hypercalcemia
the doctor was examining a 70 year old woman Ms jones to have peripheral edema and elevated blood pressure. further urine lab tests showed the presence of protein in the urine. what is the diagnosis of Ms. Jones condition:
hypertension secondary to renal disease
according to the American Heart Association, major risk factors for atherosclerosis that can be changed include:
hypertension, cigarette, smoking, blood cholesterol levels.
A 15 year old woman has gone to donate blood at a clinical, while clinician is testing her blood, the woman ask why is it so important for blood types to match between donor and recipient. What is the... underline the clinician's explanation?
if blood types do not match, cell lysis occurs on a large scale
cause of venous thrombosis
immobility
the failure to pull back into the capillary is a cause of edema in which of the following conditions?
impaired plasma protein synthesis due to liver failure
congestive heart failure can best be described as follows
inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
client with polycythemia vera is at risk for thrombosis from which condition:
increased blood viscosity
the greatest threat from hyperkalemia results from
its effects on the heart and potentially for initiating a fatal cardiac dysthymia
which of the following explains the incidence of anemia in clients with chronic renal failure
lack of erythropoietin production
edema can occur as a result of
low albumin levels in the blood
hallmark of cobalamin deficienecy
megaly/micro plastic of rbc
which of the following best describes respiratory diffusion?
movement of gases in the alveoli and across the alveolar capillary membrane
bence Jones proteinuria is a diagnostic finding found in:
multiple myeloma
which white blood cell is the first to arrive at the site of inflammation?
neutrophils
one of the first indicators of acute renal failure is
oliguria
which type of anemia has defective secretion of the Intrisinsic factor?
pernicious
when serous fluid collects in the pleural space, this condition is known as
pleural effusion
which of the following would differentiate acute from chronic hypoxia
polycythemia
mr.sears has sustained a massive blood loss which resulted in a decreased cardiac output. he would be prone to acute renal failure from a
pre renal cause
what is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the lungs of individuals with COPD
proteases
in the client diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis, which of the following clinical manifestations would be present?
proteinuria
when reviewing the medical record of a patient with hodgkin lymphoma, the oncology nurse would expect the nurse to note the presence of
reed-sternberg cells
persons with COPD characteristically exhibit signs of which of these acid-base imbalances
respiratory acidosis
which is not a cause of blood disorders such as anemia
rhinovirus infection
mr. B had an open ulcer on his left leg for 4 months. today, he is brought to the ER because... BP was 90/45, temp 98.6, HR 120 bpm. What is a possible diagnosis for Mr. B?
septic shock
a client is diagnosed w chronic renal failure. the nurse plans care for the consequences of nitrogenous wastes that accumulate in the blood stream. what does the nurse include in her plan of care?
skin care to azotemia
in copd, there is
small airway obstruction during the expiratory phase of ventilation
a major risk factor for COPD is
smoking
a major risk factor for lung disease/copd is
smoking
a client complains of urine leakage when she coughs or sneezes. what does the nurse anticipate treating the client for?
stress incontinence
which are predisposing factors for acute UTI
the gender of the patient
Mitral valve insufficiency results in blood regurgitation from
the left ventricle back into the left atrium
what primarily puts elders at risk for utis
they experience diminished bactericidal activity of the urine and prostatic secretions
what is unique about the bacteria that are capable of infection in the urinary tract
they have adherence properties such as pili
pathologic feature in all forms of leukemia is:
uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes
3. Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by _____________, while thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is characterized by ____________ of the arterial vessels in the hands and/or feet.
vasospasm ; inflammation
a female patient with a history of excessive menstrual flow
von willebrand