for sure patho 3

the nurse is counseling a couple who would like to start a family. The man has sickle cell disease and the woman does not have sickle cell disease or the sickle cell trait. Which statement by the man indicates an understanding of the transmission of the disease?

"All our children will have the sickle cell trait."

the lifespan of the neutrophil is

1-3 days

life span for normal platelets

7-10 days

plan of care for patient with anemia due to alcoholism should include administration of which vitamin?

B

your client with chronic renal failure asks why she has developed hypertension (HTN). what is the basis of your response?

HTN is caused by alteration in renin-angiotensin levels.

which of the following abg levels would be suggestive of resp failure

PO2 45mm and PCO2 60 mm

neutropenia refers to

a decrease in neutrophils

the common etiologic factor in respiratory distress syndrome is thought to be

a deficiency of surfactant

client with a gunshot won't requires an emergency blood transfusion. His blood type is a B negative. Which blood type would be the safest for him to receive?

a rh negative

which one of the following total serum cholesterol levels is considered desirable?

a total serum cholesterol less than 200 mg/dl

which of the following best characterizes emphysema

abnormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles with destruction of the alveolar walls.

a patient with hypertension develops renal disease. the kidneys assist in the control of BP by

activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

12-year-old client is admitted to the unit for a diagnostic workshop. Child has been complaining of headache and nausea and vomiting. Blood work shows high levels of immature precursor B and T lymphocytes. A physical assessment indicated lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. What does the nurse suspect:

acute lymphocytic leukemia

bronchial asthma has been defined as having three components, which include?

airway inflammation

raynauds syndrome is a pathologic condition of the arteries due to

an exagerated vasoconstrictor response

mrs. J was given a shot of penicillin at the ER. Shortly after that, she complained of difficulty breathing. What type of shock does this reaction represent?

anaphylactic

organ damage that occurs as the results of long term uncontrolled hypertension is associated with

atherosclerosis

a pulmonary embolism typically occurs when

blood clot detaches itself from a DVT and lodges in pulmonary arterial system

causes of acute renal failure include

both b and c are correct; stones and strictures in kidneys or ureters and heart failure leading to poor renal profusion

symptoms classic for thrombocytopenia

bruising and petechiae

The nurse is performing a skin assessment on a client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which assessment findings does the nurse anticipate?

butterfly rash, alopecia, discoid lesions

food client should avoid with leukemia

carrot sticks

a client is in renal failure. The physician has ordered parental erythropoietin for this client. The nurse gives this medication with confidence, knowing the client has which of the following anemia

chronic disease anemia

adult client is being test for leukemia. Lab work shows the presence of Philadelphia chromosomes. Based on the result, which type of leukemia does the nurse knows the patient has:

chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml)

increased parasympathetic activity causes which effect on the respiratory bronchioles

constriction of the bronchioles

how does cigarette smoke initially damage the lungs?

continuosly stimulating the inflammatory response

client admitted for treatment of prinzmetal's angina. when developing the care plan, the nurse keep in mind that this type of angina is triggered by:

coronary vasospasms

all of the following represent factors favoring edema except

decreased interstitial oncotic pressure

which of the following diagnostic findings are most likely for a client with aplastic anemia:

decreased levels of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets

the treatment of acute pulmonary edema is aimed at

decreasing pulmonary hydrostatic pressure

factors that may precipitate sickle cell crisis include:

dehydration and infection

left sided heart failure

dyspnea, moist coughs, rales

the most common complication of early myocardial infarction is:

dysrhythmias

which granulocyte functions in antibody-mediated defense against parasites?

eosinophils

client is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Which organism is associated with the disorder?

epstein-barr virus

clinical manifestations that characterize asthma include both

expiratory wheeze and dyspnea

when there is a leakage of proteins and abc into the urine, you would suspect damage of which structure in the kidney?

glomerular basement membrane

in sickle cell anemia, the predominant type of abnormal hemoglobin is:

hemoglobin s

Administering a high concentration of oxygen to a person with chronic hypoxia can be harmful because:

high concentrations suppress the oxygen chemoreceptors, which provide the main stimulus for ventilation.

which of the following conditions is a client with multiple myeloma (MM) monitored

hypercalcemia

the doctor was examining a 70 year old woman Ms jones to have peripheral edema and elevated blood pressure. further urine lab tests showed the presence of protein in the urine. what is the diagnosis of Ms. Jones condition:

hypertension secondary to renal disease

according to the American Heart Association, major risk factors for atherosclerosis that can be changed include:

hypertension, cigarette, smoking, blood cholesterol levels.

A 15 year old woman has gone to donate blood at a clinical, while clinician is testing her blood, the woman ask why is it so important for blood types to match between donor and recipient. What is the... underline the clinician's explanation?

if blood types do not match, cell lysis occurs on a large scale

cause of venous thrombosis

immobility

the failure to pull back into the capillary is a cause of edema in which of the following conditions?

impaired plasma protein synthesis due to liver failure

congestive heart failure can best be described as follows

inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

client with polycythemia vera is at risk for thrombosis from which condition:

increased blood viscosity

the greatest threat from hyperkalemia results from

its effects on the heart and potentially for initiating a fatal cardiac dysthymia

which of the following explains the incidence of anemia in clients with chronic renal failure

lack of erythropoietin production

edema can occur as a result of

low albumin levels in the blood

hallmark of cobalamin deficienecy

megaly/micro plastic of rbc

which of the following best describes respiratory diffusion?

movement of gases in the alveoli and across the alveolar capillary membrane

bence Jones proteinuria is a diagnostic finding found in:

multiple myeloma

which white blood cell is the first to arrive at the site of inflammation?

neutrophils

one of the first indicators of acute renal failure is

oliguria

which type of anemia has defective secretion of the Intrisinsic factor?

pernicious

when serous fluid collects in the pleural space, this condition is known as

pleural effusion

which of the following would differentiate acute from chronic hypoxia

polycythemia

mr.sears has sustained a massive blood loss which resulted in a decreased cardiac output. he would be prone to acute renal failure from a

pre renal cause

what is responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the lungs of individuals with COPD

proteases

in the client diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis, which of the following clinical manifestations would be present?

proteinuria

when reviewing the medical record of a patient with hodgkin lymphoma, the oncology nurse would expect the nurse to note the presence of

reed-sternberg cells

persons with COPD characteristically exhibit signs of which of these acid-base imbalances

respiratory acidosis

which is not a cause of blood disorders such as anemia

rhinovirus infection

mr. B had an open ulcer on his left leg for 4 months. today, he is brought to the ER because... BP was 90/45, temp 98.6, HR 120 bpm. What is a possible diagnosis for Mr. B?

septic shock

a client is diagnosed w chronic renal failure. the nurse plans care for the consequences of nitrogenous wastes that accumulate in the blood stream. what does the nurse include in her plan of care?

skin care to azotemia

in copd, there is

small airway obstruction during the expiratory phase of ventilation

a major risk factor for COPD is

smoking

a major risk factor for lung disease/copd is

smoking

a client complains of urine leakage when she coughs or sneezes. what does the nurse anticipate treating the client for?

stress incontinence

which are predisposing factors for acute UTI

the gender of the patient

Mitral valve insufficiency results in blood regurgitation from

the left ventricle back into the left atrium

what primarily puts elders at risk for utis

they experience diminished bactericidal activity of the urine and prostatic secretions

what is unique about the bacteria that are capable of infection in the urinary tract

they have adherence properties such as pili

pathologic feature in all forms of leukemia is:

uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes

3. Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by _____________, while thromboangitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is characterized by ____________ of the arterial vessels in the hands and/or feet.

vasospasm ; inflammation

a female patient with a history of excessive menstrual flow

von willebrand