Forces in Earth's Crust

normal / reverse / strike-slip

Types of Faults tension ~ _______ fault compression ~ _____ fault shearing ~ ________ fault

uplifting / plateau / tall

Uplifting of the Crust some stresses on the crust force the _____ of rocks -when a large, flat block of is pushed upward, a ____ forms -a plateau contains many flat layers and is wider than it is _____

shearing

a type of stress caused by rocks trying to move past each other in opposite directions

tension

a type of stress created by rocks pulling away from each other that thins the rock

compression

a type of stress created by rocks pushing against each other

rift / down

Basins and Divergent Boundaries tectonic activity at divergent boundaries form _____ basins -as two plate separate, earth's crust is _____ -weaker crust moves ____ at normal faults

wedge / arc / collide / sediments / island arc / back arc

Basins at Convergent Boundaries tectonic activity at convergent boundaries form _____ and ______ basins -where the two plates _____, a wedge is formed at reverse faults -____ are deposited on the wedge -the meeting of the plates compress the oceanic curst, forming a volcanic ______ -basins can be formed at the forearc and _____ regions

strike-slip / depression / sediment

Basins at Transform Boundaries tectonic activity at transform boundaries form ______ basins -when bent or curved plates move past each other, a _____ is formed -_____ are deposited in the depression

pushes / break / convergent

Compression compression is stress that occurs when one plate _____ against another -rocks squeeze together until they fold and _____ -compression often occurs at _____ boundaries

rocks / breaking / anticline / syncline

Folding of the Crust folds form when compression squeezes ____ together. the compression causes rocks to bend without _______ -_______ is a fold in rock that bends upward in an arch -_______ is a fold in rock that bends downward

products / history / gemstones / metals / fossil fuels

Importance of Sedimentary Basins information and _____ are contained in sedimentary rocks -sedimentary rocks tell us about earth's ______ -sedimentary rocks contain valuable resources such as: -_______ -precious ______ -_______

tension / away / above / below / downward

Normal Faults a normal fault is caused by ______ -the plates are moving ____ from the fault -the hanging wall lies ____ the fault -the footwall lies ____ the fault -the hanging wall moves _____ at a normal fault

opposite / slip / shape / transform

Shearing shearing is a type of stress caused when a rock mass is pushed in ______ directions -rocks break and ____ apart -rocks change _____ -shearing is common at ____ boundaries

lithosphere / divergent / convergent / transform

Plate Boundaries plate boundaries are areas where the edges of earth's plates meet. they extend deep into the ______. Faults form along these boundaries -______ boundary -______ boundary -______ boundary

compression / colliding / footwall

Reverse Faults a reverse fault is created by ______ -the plates are moving toward the fault, _____ into each other -the hanging wall moves up, sliding over the ______

low / deposited / tectonic plates

Sedimentary Basins forces in earth's crust can form sedimentary basins which are: -depressed or ____ areas in earth's crust -areas where sediments are ________ -formed through the movement of ___________

tension / compression / shearing

Stress on Earth's Surface types of stress -______ -______ -______

tension / normal / fault-block / faults

Stretching of the Crust the crust stretches due to ____ -this stress causes _____ faults -parallel normal faults can create ______ mountains -created when the hanging walls from parallel ____ slip down

shearing / opposite / vertical

Strike-Slip Faults a strike-slip fault occurs in areas of _______ -plates slide past each other in ____ directions -plates have very little or no ____ movement

stress

Surface Formation Created by Stress different types of ______ lead to the formation of different features on earth's surface

apart / rocks / thin / divergent

Tension tension is a type of stress that occurs where plates move ______ -_____ stretch apart -stretching causes rocks to become ___ in the middle -tension often occurs at ______ boundaries

lithosphere / mantle / subduction

The Theory of Plate Tectonics the theory of plate tectonics states that pieces of the _____ are slowly but constantly moving -the motion is driven by convection currents in the _______ -this theory explains the formation, movement, and ______ of earth's plates

reverse fault

a fault created by compression resulting in the hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall

normal fault

a fault created by tension resulting in the hanging wall moving down relative to the footwall

strike-slip fault

a fault in which rock layers move past each other horizontally

syncline

a fold in rock caused by compression that bends downward

anticline

a fold in rock caused by compression that bends upwards in an arch

plateau

a high, table-like formation caused when part of the crust rises upward

fault-block mountain

a mountain formed when one side of a fault is thrust upward while the other side drops downward