Forces in Earth's Crust
normal / reverse / strike-slip
Types of Faults tension ~ _______ fault compression ~ _____ fault shearing ~ ________ fault
uplifting / plateau / tall
Uplifting of the Crust some stresses on the crust force the _____ of rocks -when a large, flat block of is pushed upward, a ____ forms -a plateau contains many flat layers and is wider than it is _____
shearing
a type of stress caused by rocks trying to move past each other in opposite directions
tension
a type of stress created by rocks pulling away from each other that thins the rock
compression
a type of stress created by rocks pushing against each other
rift / down
Basins and Divergent Boundaries tectonic activity at divergent boundaries form _____ basins -as two plate separate, earth's crust is _____ -weaker crust moves ____ at normal faults
wedge / arc / collide / sediments / island arc / back arc
Basins at Convergent Boundaries tectonic activity at convergent boundaries form _____ and ______ basins -where the two plates _____, a wedge is formed at reverse faults -____ are deposited on the wedge -the meeting of the plates compress the oceanic curst, forming a volcanic ______ -basins can be formed at the forearc and _____ regions
strike-slip / depression / sediment
Basins at Transform Boundaries tectonic activity at transform boundaries form ______ basins -when bent or curved plates move past each other, a _____ is formed -_____ are deposited in the depression
pushes / break / convergent
Compression compression is stress that occurs when one plate _____ against another -rocks squeeze together until they fold and _____ -compression often occurs at _____ boundaries
rocks / breaking / anticline / syncline
Folding of the Crust folds form when compression squeezes ____ together. the compression causes rocks to bend without _______ -_______ is a fold in rock that bends upward in an arch -_______ is a fold in rock that bends downward
products / history / gemstones / metals / fossil fuels
Importance of Sedimentary Basins information and _____ are contained in sedimentary rocks -sedimentary rocks tell us about earth's ______ -sedimentary rocks contain valuable resources such as: -_______ -precious ______ -_______
tension / away / above / below / downward
Normal Faults a normal fault is caused by ______ -the plates are moving ____ from the fault -the hanging wall lies ____ the fault -the footwall lies ____ the fault -the hanging wall moves _____ at a normal fault
opposite / slip / shape / transform
Shearing shearing is a type of stress caused when a rock mass is pushed in ______ directions -rocks break and ____ apart -rocks change _____ -shearing is common at ____ boundaries
lithosphere / divergent / convergent / transform
Plate Boundaries plate boundaries are areas where the edges of earth's plates meet. they extend deep into the ______. Faults form along these boundaries -______ boundary -______ boundary -______ boundary
compression / colliding / footwall
Reverse Faults a reverse fault is created by ______ -the plates are moving toward the fault, _____ into each other -the hanging wall moves up, sliding over the ______
low / deposited / tectonic plates
Sedimentary Basins forces in earth's crust can form sedimentary basins which are: -depressed or ____ areas in earth's crust -areas where sediments are ________ -formed through the movement of ___________
tension / compression / shearing
Stress on Earth's Surface types of stress -______ -______ -______
tension / normal / fault-block / faults
Stretching of the Crust the crust stretches due to ____ -this stress causes _____ faults -parallel normal faults can create ______ mountains -created when the hanging walls from parallel ____ slip down
shearing / opposite / vertical
Strike-Slip Faults a strike-slip fault occurs in areas of _______ -plates slide past each other in ____ directions -plates have very little or no ____ movement
stress
Surface Formation Created by Stress different types of ______ lead to the formation of different features on earth's surface
apart / rocks / thin / divergent
Tension tension is a type of stress that occurs where plates move ______ -_____ stretch apart -stretching causes rocks to become ___ in the middle -tension often occurs at ______ boundaries
lithosphere / mantle / subduction
The Theory of Plate Tectonics the theory of plate tectonics states that pieces of the _____ are slowly but constantly moving -the motion is driven by convection currents in the _______ -this theory explains the formation, movement, and ______ of earth's plates
reverse fault
a fault created by compression resulting in the hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall
normal fault
a fault created by tension resulting in the hanging wall moving down relative to the footwall
strike-slip fault
a fault in which rock layers move past each other horizontally
syncline
a fold in rock caused by compression that bends downward
anticline
a fold in rock caused by compression that bends upwards in an arch
plateau
a high, table-like formation caused when part of the crust rises upward
fault-block mountain
a mountain formed when one side of a fault is thrust upward while the other side drops downward
