Forensics Ch6 Review

Frequency Fourier Transform Analysis

A (high-pass filter, frequency Fourier transform analysis) is used to identify repetitive patterns such as lines or dots that interfere with the interpretation of a digitized fingerprint image.

Superglue fuming

A chemical technique know as __________ is used to develop latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metal and plastic.

0/16 8/8 4/0 0/2 1/1 +1 +1 =14/28

A description of the types of prints from the fingers of a criminal suspect appears below. Using the FBI system determine the primary classification of this individual. Finger: RT hand Left hand thumb Whorl Whorl index Loop Whorl middle Whorl Arch ring Whorl Whorl little Arch Whorl

cannot

A fingerprint classification system (can, cannot) unequivocally identify an individual.

radial

A loop pattern that opens toward the thumb is known as a (radial, ulnar) loop.

dermal papillae

A permanent scar forms in the skin only when an injury damages the ______.

ridge characteristics (minutiae)

A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's __________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

anthropometry

A system of idenfication relying on precise body measurements is known as _____.

analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification

ACE-V is an acronym for a four step process: __________, __________, __________, and __________.

one

All loops must have (one, two) deltas.

arches

Approximately 5 percent of the population has ____ fingerprint pattern

do not have

Arches (have, do not have) type lines, deltas, and cores.

Lisa

At the Museum of Culture Studies, a diary that belonged to MLK Jr has been stolen and replaced by a fake. The only evidence is a fingerprint impression left by the thief on the fake diary. The police suspects four individuals who have had previous criminal records for similar crimes. Their fingerprints already exist in the police database. KJ, Ivan, Lisa and Charlie are the four suspects. Carefully examine the criminal's fingerprint impression and identify the suspect fingerprint that matches with it.

Physical Developer

Chemical treatment with ____ visualizes fingerprints on porous articles that may have been wet at one time

1) whorl 2) arch 3) loop 4) whorl 5) whorl 6) arch

Classify each of the prints shown in the figure as loop, whorl, or arch.

11

Count the number of bifurcations in the following prints. Choose between 9, 11 and 13 as the number of bifurcations.

a) scaling and resizing tool b) spatial filtering c) frequency Fourier transform (FFT)

Criminalist Frank Mortimer is using digital imaging to enhance latent fingerprints. Indicate which features of digital imaging he would most likely use for each of the following tasks: a) isolating part of a print and enlarging it for closer examination b) increasing the contrast between a print and the background surface on which it is located c) examining two prints that overlap one another

Latent or invisible prints

Fingerprint impressions that are not readily visible are called _____.

cannot

Fingerprints (can, cannot) be changed during a person's lifetime.

Powder

Fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbent surfaces are best developed by the application of a(n) ___________.

chemical

Fingerprints on porous surfaces are best developed with _____ treatment.

alternative light sources

High-intensity light sources known as ______ are effective in developing latent fingerprints.

plain whorl

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a

loops

Most common fingerprint pattern

photograph

Once a fingerprint has been visualized it must be preserved by a ______

core

The approximate center of a loop pattern is called the _____.

1,2-Indanedione

The chemical ____ visualizes fingerprints by its reaction with amino acids.

Sir Edward Richard Henry

The fingerprint classification system used in most english speaking countries was devised by...

Alphonse Bertillon

The first systematic attempt at personal identification was devised and introduced by _____.

KJ) Whorl, double loop Inan) Arch, tented arch Lisa) Loop, plain arches Charlie) Whorl, accidental

The following are fingerprint patterns of three men and a woman with criminal records for robbery. Identify the following fingerprints according to the three groups and the subgroups of fingerprints. KJ) Inan) Lisa) Charlie)

dermal papillae

The form and pattern of skin ridges are determined by the (epidermis, dermal papillae).

pixels

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called _____.

is not

The individuality of a fingerprint (is, is not) determined by its pattern.

type lines

The pattern area of the loop is enclosed by two diverging ridges known as

whorl

The presence or absence of the ____ pattern is used as a basis for determining the primary classification in the Henry system.

delta

The ridge point nearest the type-line divergence is known as the ____.

plain arch

The simplest of all fingerprint patterns is the __________.

loops, whorls, arches

The three general patterns into which fingerprints are divided are __________, __________, and __________.

False

True or False: A latent fingerprint is first treated with Physical Developer followed by ninhydrin.

True

True or False: Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of bifurcations and ridge endings.

False

True or False: Level 2 details cannot individualize a fingerprint.

True

True or False: The first systematic and official use of fingerprints for personal identification in the United States was adopted by the New York City Civil Service Commission.

a) chemicals b) powder c) powder d) chemicals e) powder

While searching a murder scene, you find the following items that you believe may contain latent fingerprints. Indicate whether prints on each item should be developed using fingerprint powder or chemicals. a) leather sofa b) mirror c) painted wooden knife handle d) blood-soaked newspapers e) revolver

Plastic

____ fingerprints are impressions left on a soft material

iodine fuming

____ vapors chemically combine with fatty oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint.

fingerprints

_____ are a reproduction of friction skin ridges

Fluorescence

_____ occurs when a substance absorbs light and reemits the light in wavelengths longer than the illuminating source.

visible print

a fingerprint left by a person with soiled or stained fingertips is called a ___________

1/1

the largest category (25%) in the primary classification system is (1/1, 1/2)