Fossil Fuels, Mineral Resources, & Waste Management Quiz

Oil Spills

600,000 tons of oil escapes through natural seeps into the ocean every year 10,000 spills totaling 15 to 25 million gallons of oil occur annually in US waters

U.S. Mineral Supply

For most metals, the present reserves will only last a decade or two. The U.S. does not have any tin, nickel, manganese, or chromium

Why does Saudi Arabia have so much oil

Ghawar field is the world's biggest stretching 174 miles long and 16 miles wide. Has ideal hydrocarbon formations

Metamorphic deposits

Graphite deposits formed from the metamorphism of coal

Incineration

burning of gas

Limits of Coal Use

coal ash is a waste product which contains toxic metals that can contaminate water

Petroleum

complex suite of chemical compounds including oil and natural gas

Recycle

cuts down on municipal waste

Plastics

do not decompose and are broken down only by high temperature combustion

Methane Hydrate

exists as crystalline solids of gas and water molecules

Peat

first combustible product to form -forms at surface given the suitable conditions

Compost

food,plant, and animal waste. used as a soil additive

Worldwide Mineral Supply

for most metals, the present reserves are projected to last a few more decades

Bituminous

harder variety of coal

Anthracite

hardest variety of coal

E-cycling

is an environmental concern due to toxic elements -occurs mostly in countries with little or no environmental regulations

Mineral Reserves

known deposits of minerals that can be recovered economically with existing technology

Igneous and Magmatic Deposits

more valuable if crystals are larger and accumulate in thick layers because of magmatic crystallization that are easy to mine

Industrial Minerals

non-metallic minerals mined for a profit

What is a heavy liquid hydrocarbon?

oil

Sanitary Landfill

sanitary, regulated, legal and poses little risk of contamination to groundwater or surface water

Placer deposits

sedimentary deposits from sorting of stream sediment.

Glass

sits in landfills for millions of years

Lignite

soft brown form of coal

Geochemical prospecting

tells us that soils located over a copper rich ore will be enriched in copper relative to surrounding soils

Plants

tend to accumulate concentrations of certain metals indicating that they may overlie rocks rich in these metals

How does coal form?

the longer the time to form, the higher the grade of coal -it is formed by land plants which didnt become widespread until 400 million years ago.

Are fossil fuels nonrenewable or renewable?

they are nonrenewable which means they can only be used once.

Average crustal abundance

to have an economic value

Open dump

unsanitary, unregulated, illegal and a source of contamination for groundwater and surface water

Remote sensing

uses wave transmitted energy (visible light and infrared radiation) to detect, record, and analyze rock

ore Minerals

valuable/useful Metallic minerals concentrated sufficiently high enough to be economically worth mining

The Battle of Blair Mountain

was the largest labor uprising in US history and on of the largest best organized uprisings since the American Civil War

Natural Gas

a variety of light gaseous hydrocarbon compound- most commonly methane (CH4)

Fossil Fuels

are energy sources that formed from the remains of once living organisms (Either plant or animal). Energy is stored in the chemical bond in these organisms

Marine Mineral Resources

are hard to mine but may be valuable in the future . When sea levels lower during the last ice age, the continetal shelf was exposed

What is a light gaseous hydrocarbon

Natural Gas (Methane CH4)

Types of Petroleum traps

Simple Fold trap, fault trap, fossilized ancient coral reef, Impermeable salt dome! look at snip!

Hydro-thermal Ore

"hot water" ore deposit created from hot liquid moving through existing rock

Ocean dumping

-Banned in the US in 1991 -Contributes to rising CO2 levels -kills aquatic organism

Examples of Fossil Fuel

-Petroleum (liquid oil, natural gas, gasoline, Kerosene, Wax, asphalt) -Coal -Fuel Derived from oil shale and tar sand

Coal

-Provides 20% of U.S. energy supply Is formed from remains of land plants, not from marine organisms

Reducing solid waste

-Use less product -Reuse products

Alone how much has the US consumed in oil worldwide?

20% of oil Consumption rates have rapidly increased in the past 25 years

Deep water Horizon Drill Rig Explosion

2010 4.9 million barrels of oil spilled (200 million gallons)

1 barrel of oil is how many gallons

42 gallons

Where are most of the oil reserves around the world

60% in the middle east

what type of waste account for most of the waste in the United states

Agricultural waste and mineral mining waste

Sedimentary Deposit

Are often layerd- ancient banded iron formations involve iron ores inter-bedded with sedimentary deposit -Evaporate deposits involve thick layer of halite or gypsum deposited as oceans evaporated

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska)

Contains approzimately 7 billion barrels of oil. The US consumes about 7 billion barrels of oil per year.

What type of waste accounts for minor amounts of waste

Industrial waste (chemicals, paper, food processing, stone, lumber)

Mineral Resources

Minerals that are important or necesssary to human life that have some value- changes over time as society evoloves

What type of waste accounts for minor amount of waste (2-5%)

Municipal Waste

Radioactivity may indicate presence of what?

Uranium

Oil

a variety of heavy liquid hydrocarbon compounds