Fossil Fuels, Mineral Resources, & Waste Management Quiz
Oil Spills
600,000 tons of oil escapes through natural seeps into the ocean every year 10,000 spills totaling 15 to 25 million gallons of oil occur annually in US waters
U.S. Mineral Supply
For most metals, the present reserves will only last a decade or two. The U.S. does not have any tin, nickel, manganese, or chromium
Why does Saudi Arabia have so much oil
Ghawar field is the world's biggest stretching 174 miles long and 16 miles wide. Has ideal hydrocarbon formations
Metamorphic deposits
Graphite deposits formed from the metamorphism of coal
Incineration
burning of gas
Limits of Coal Use
coal ash is a waste product which contains toxic metals that can contaminate water
Petroleum
complex suite of chemical compounds including oil and natural gas
Recycle
cuts down on municipal waste
Plastics
do not decompose and are broken down only by high temperature combustion
Methane Hydrate
exists as crystalline solids of gas and water molecules
Peat
first combustible product to form -forms at surface given the suitable conditions
Compost
food,plant, and animal waste. used as a soil additive
Worldwide Mineral Supply
for most metals, the present reserves are projected to last a few more decades
Bituminous
harder variety of coal
Anthracite
hardest variety of coal
E-cycling
is an environmental concern due to toxic elements -occurs mostly in countries with little or no environmental regulations
Mineral Reserves
known deposits of minerals that can be recovered economically with existing technology
Igneous and Magmatic Deposits
more valuable if crystals are larger and accumulate in thick layers because of magmatic crystallization that are easy to mine
Industrial Minerals
non-metallic minerals mined for a profit
What is a heavy liquid hydrocarbon?
oil
Sanitary Landfill
sanitary, regulated, legal and poses little risk of contamination to groundwater or surface water
Placer deposits
sedimentary deposits from sorting of stream sediment.
Glass
sits in landfills for millions of years
Lignite
soft brown form of coal
Geochemical prospecting
tells us that soils located over a copper rich ore will be enriched in copper relative to surrounding soils
Plants
tend to accumulate concentrations of certain metals indicating that they may overlie rocks rich in these metals
How does coal form?
the longer the time to form, the higher the grade of coal -it is formed by land plants which didnt become widespread until 400 million years ago.
Are fossil fuels nonrenewable or renewable?
they are nonrenewable which means they can only be used once.
Average crustal abundance
to have an economic value
Open dump
unsanitary, unregulated, illegal and a source of contamination for groundwater and surface water
Remote sensing
uses wave transmitted energy (visible light and infrared radiation) to detect, record, and analyze rock
ore Minerals
valuable/useful Metallic minerals concentrated sufficiently high enough to be economically worth mining
The Battle of Blair Mountain
was the largest labor uprising in US history and on of the largest best organized uprisings since the American Civil War
Natural Gas
a variety of light gaseous hydrocarbon compound- most commonly methane (CH4)
Fossil Fuels
are energy sources that formed from the remains of once living organisms (Either plant or animal). Energy is stored in the chemical bond in these organisms
Marine Mineral Resources
are hard to mine but may be valuable in the future . When sea levels lower during the last ice age, the continetal shelf was exposed
What is a light gaseous hydrocarbon
Natural Gas (Methane CH4)
Types of Petroleum traps
Simple Fold trap, fault trap, fossilized ancient coral reef, Impermeable salt dome! look at snip!
Hydro-thermal Ore
"hot water" ore deposit created from hot liquid moving through existing rock
Ocean dumping
-Banned in the US in 1991 -Contributes to rising CO2 levels -kills aquatic organism
Examples of Fossil Fuel
-Petroleum (liquid oil, natural gas, gasoline, Kerosene, Wax, asphalt) -Coal -Fuel Derived from oil shale and tar sand
Coal
-Provides 20% of U.S. energy supply Is formed from remains of land plants, not from marine organisms
Reducing solid waste
-Use less product -Reuse products
Alone how much has the US consumed in oil worldwide?
20% of oil Consumption rates have rapidly increased in the past 25 years
Deep water Horizon Drill Rig Explosion
2010 4.9 million barrels of oil spilled (200 million gallons)
1 barrel of oil is how many gallons
42 gallons
Where are most of the oil reserves around the world
60% in the middle east
what type of waste account for most of the waste in the United states
Agricultural waste and mineral mining waste
Sedimentary Deposit
Are often layerd- ancient banded iron formations involve iron ores inter-bedded with sedimentary deposit -Evaporate deposits involve thick layer of halite or gypsum deposited as oceans evaporated
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska)
Contains approzimately 7 billion barrels of oil. The US consumes about 7 billion barrels of oil per year.
What type of waste accounts for minor amounts of waste
Industrial waste (chemicals, paper, food processing, stone, lumber)
Mineral Resources
Minerals that are important or necesssary to human life that have some value- changes over time as society evoloves
What type of waste accounts for minor amount of waste (2-5%)
Municipal Waste
Radioactivity may indicate presence of what?
Uranium
Oil
a variety of heavy liquid hydrocarbon compounds