Fossil Fuels
Natural gas
-a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and animals are exposed to extreme heat and pressure
What are the 3 types of fossil fuels?
-coal -oil -gas
What is the process for sedimentary rock formation?
-deposition of sediment -compaction of sediment -cementation of sediment
oil
-naturally occurring hydrocarbon -plants and animals under sediment millions of years ago
List 3 things oil, coal, and natural gas have in common
1) can burn for heat 2) are fossil fuels 3) formed by heat and pressure
List 2 things oil and natural gas have in common
1) formed under ancient oceans 2) recovered by drilling
Which process is this? Minerals, such as calcite, left behind from the water, dry out and harden, acting like a glue.
Cementation
Which process is this? Layers become heavy as hundreds to thousands of years of sediment continues to accumulate.
Compaction
Which process is this? As the motion of the wind and water slows or stops, the sediment settles to the bottom of rivers, lakes, and oceans
Deposition
Which process is this? Water, wind, and ice carry away sediment to new locations
Erosion
True/False: In addition to long periods of time, VOLCANIC ERUPTION is necessary for the formation of fossil fuels.
False
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Formation takes millions of years
Non-Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? People use the resource
Non-Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Produced by natural processes
Non-Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Supplied by the planet
Non-Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Formation takes 100 years or less
Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Found on Earth
Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Made by processes in nature
Renewable
Renewable or Non-Renewable? Useful to humans
Renewable
True/False: Coal often forms where there were once swamps.
True
True/False: Fossil fuels form in sedimentary rocks when organic matter is buried along with the sediments.
True
True/False: In addition to long periods of time, EXTREME HEAT is necessary for the formation of fossil fuels.
True
True/False: In addition to long periods of time, INTENSE PRESSURE is necessary for the formation of fossil fuels.
True
True/False: In addition to long periods of time, ORGANIC MATTER is necessary for the formation of fossil fuels.
True
True/False: All 3 types of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) can be found within the United States
True
True/False: In ancient times Saudi Arabia had oceans
True
True/False: Saudi Arabia has lots of sand today
True
Which process is this? Water, wind, and ice slowly break down older, existing rock into small pieces called sediment
Weathering
Name a place where oil is used
a refinery
nonrenewable resource
a resource that runs out and cannot be replaced
What characteristic of swamps is important to the formation of coal?
abundant plant life
What conditions in an ancient environment would make it suitable to the formation of fossil fuels?
abundant plant life and rapid laying down of sediments
A students creates a model of the formation of fossil fuels by first placing a layer of leaves, representing organic matter, in the bottom of a cup. What step will come next in the model?
adding sand on top of the leaves to model burial in sediments
Where is sedimentary rock formed?
at or near the Earth's surface
Why does most sedimentary rock form in the ocean?
because oceans are where most bits of broken rock get deposited
Why are fossil fuels considered to be a non-renewable resource?
because of how long they take to form (millions of years)
Why are oil and natural gas called fossil fuels?
because they are made from the remains of plants and animals (fossils)
Fill in the blank: Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then ______.
buried and squeezed and cemented together
How does the sun contribute to the formation of fossil fuels?
by giving energy to the living things that become fossil fuels
Anthracite is an example of which fossil fuel?
coal
Which fossil fuel is a graphite like material?
coal
Which fossil fuel is formed in wet marshes or swamps?
coal
Which fossil fuel is mostly formed by carbon?
coal
Which fossil fuel is recovered by mining?
coal
coal
graphite like material used as a fuel formed from fossilized plants (organic and inorganic)
Fill in the blank: Oil formation occurs where, millions of years ago, there were large oceans. This is because ocean have ______.
great numbers of tiny marine animals
What changes buried organic matter into fossil fuels?
heat and pressure
What two things form fossil fuels?
heat and pressure
How is oil measured?
in barrels
Where do the heat and pressure used in forming fossil fuels come from?
inside the Earth
Oil is found near what other fossil fuel?
natural gas
Which fossil fuel can be liquified?
natural gas
Which fossil fuel has no definite form?
natural gas
Which fossil fuel is formed by the most extreme heat?
natural gas
Are fossil fuels considered a renewable or non-renewable resource?
non-renewable
Is a fossil fuel a renewable or a non-renewable resource?
non-renewable
In what ancient environment does natural gas occur?
oceans
In what ancient environment does oil occur?
oceans
Natural gas is found near what other fossil fuel?
oil
How was coal formed?
organic matter from dead plants and small organisms were impressed by heat and pressure
How are fossil fuels formed?
over millions of years from the deposition of organic material in layers
How is sedimentary rock formed?
over millions of years from the deposition of sediments in layers
organic matter
remains of dead plants and animals
fossil fuels
substances formed over millions of years from the decomposition of organic matter
In what ancient environment does coal occur?
swamps
pressure
the force of pressing down from the weight of material above
Fill in the blank: The formation of fossil fuels is a process that takes millions of years and starts with energy from _______.
the sun
List 1 thing coal and natural gas have in common
they are not a liquid
What feature do many sedimentary rocks and all fossil fuels have?
they require material to be buried and exposed to heat and pressure
Oil formation starts when organisms in the ocean die. What happens next?
they settle to the bottom and are buried in sediments
sediment
tiny pieces of rock and other inorganic material
