Foundations of Nursing

A prospective student is interested in alternate emerging pathways to the nursing profession instead of the traditional programs. What pathways should the student be advised to research? Select all that apply. - 3-year diploma programs - RN to BSN completion programs - Entry level master's degree programs - RN completion programs for LPNs - Entry level associate degree programs

- Entry level master's degree programs - RN completion programs for LPNs

Mary Adelaide Nutting

Became the first professor of nursing in the world as a faculty member of Teachers' College, Columbia University; with Lavinia Dock, published the four-volume History of Nursing

Mary Breckenridge

Established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery schools in the United States

A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role? a.) Nursing is a profession dependent upon the medical community as a whole. b.) It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing. c.) It is the role of the physician, not the nurse, to assist clients in understanding their health problems. d.) The essential components of professional nursing care are strength, endurance, and cure.

B

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state? a.) asking the current state to transfer the license b.) applying for a reciprocal license in the new state c.) taking the new state's licensing exam d.) No action is needed by the nurse.

B

A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. Which educational setting would be most appropriate for this process? a.) Continuing education b.) In-service education c.) Undergraduate studies d.) Graduate education

B

Which explanation accurately differentiates the role of the registered nurse (RN) from that of the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)? a.) The RN is permitted to prescribed medications. b.) The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN. c.) The LPN/LVN can only work in a long-term care facility. d.) The RN directs the workload of an LPN/LVN.

B

Which is the best example of a client-centered approach to care? a.) The nurse helps a client ambulate. b.) The nurse asks the client about health goals. c.) The nurse asks the client what the client would like to order from the menu. d.) The nurse draws a blood sample from a client.

B

The nurse is planning the care for several clients. Which factor(s) should the nurse prioritize when planning to delegate care to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? Select all that apply. - "Is the UAP the right person for this task?" - "Did the UAP follow directions correctly?" - "Can the UAP assist the client with this task?" - "Will the UAP complete this task without assistance?" - "Did the UAP properly record the vital signs?"

- "Is the UAP the right person for this task?" - "Did the UAP follow directions correctly?" - "Can the UAP assist the client with this task?" - "Did the UAP properly record the vital signs?"

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply. - Communicator - Counselor - Teacher - Financier - Statistician

- Communicator - Counselor - Teacher

Which are approved as nursing diagnoses? Select all that apply. - Impaired Skin Integrity - Congestive Heart Failure - Caregiver Role Strain - Abdominal Hernia - Compromised Family Coping

- Impaired Skin Integrity - Caregiver Role Strain - Compromised Family Coping

A novice nurse is excited to finally be able to put all the training to use on the inpatient unit. Which factor should the nurse be sure to prioritize when beginning to interact with clients? a.) be an advocate for appropriate care b.) ensure the families do not get sick c.) ensure families are kept informed d.) advise clients on the best plan of action

A

A nurse identifies a client's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case? a.) Nursing process b.) Nursing standards c.) Nursing orders d.) Nurse practice acts

A

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers? a.) They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. b.) They usually have a baccalaureate degree in nursing. c.) They serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. d.) They tend to work in community health centers and long-term care units.

A

For the nurse become a nurse practitioner, what is the minimal degree the nurse will need to acquire? a.) Master's b.) Diploma c.) Associate's d.) Baccalaureate

A

The RN is working with hospital administrators to transform care at their facility. Which nursing competency will be critical for the nurse to utilize? a.) Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams b.) Correctly utilize and troubleshoot high-tech equipment c.) Navigate the electronic medical records system d.) Do things the way they have always been done

A

The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an 18-month-old child. Which statement would be best for the nurse to make? a.) "Keep all medications in a locked cabinet." b.) "The child is in the 95th percentile for weight." c.) "Do not give the child a bottle now." d.) "Does the child have nightmares often?"

A

The nurse is caring for a client after a stroke rendered the client's right side weaker than the left. The nurse coordinates the plan of care with the physical therapist. The nurse's interventions reflect which one of nursing's four broad goals? a.) To restore health b.) To prevent illness c.) To promote health d.) To facilitate coping

A

The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of cancer, and allows the client to verbalize fears relating to how to tell the children. The nurse's intervention reflects which aspect of nursing? a.) art of nursing b.) science of nursing c.) evidence-based practice d.) application of research

A

The nurse is evaluating client health. Which client should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health? a.) A client with a leg amputation who performs activities of daily living with a prosthesis b.) A client in acute emotional distress due to spouse's death c.) A client with depression who refuses to get out of bed d.) A client with diabetes who is in denial of the diabetes and refuses to take insulin

A

The nursing process is: a.) a critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic. b.) a mechanism for increasing the knowledge and skill of the nurse through programs of education. c.) the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and care of ill, disabled, and dying individuals. d.) an approach for identifying and analyzing the best available scientific evidence for nursing care.

A

The primary aim of the Healthy People 2030 initiative is: a.) health promotion. b.) illness prevention. c.) health restoration d.) coping with disability

A

Which nursing action best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health? a.) encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity b.) facilitating a support group for the friends and families of clients affected by stroke c.) performing deep suctioning on a client who has a tracheotomy and copious secretions d.) administering a beta-adrenergic blocker and diuretic to a client who has a history of hypertension

A

Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding? a.) Refer the mother for a home care visit. b.) Ask the mother to come to the emergency room. c.) Email the mother a link for breastfeeding. d.) Suggest that the mother bottle feed her infant.

A

Isabel Hampton Robb

A leader in nursing and nursing education; organized the nursing school at Johns Hopkins Hospital; initiated policies that included limiting the number of hours in a day's work and wrote a textbook to help student learning; the first president of the Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada (which later became the American Nurses Association)

Elizabeth Smellie

A member of the original Victorian Order of Nurses for Canada (a group that provided public health nursing); organized the Canadian Women's Army Corps during World War II

Harriet Tubman

A nurse and an abolitionist; active in the underground railroad movement before joining the Union Army during the Civil War

Louise Schuyler

A nurse during the Civil War; returned to New York and organized the New York Charities Aid Association to improve care of the sick in Bellevue Hospital; recommended standards for nursing education

Lavinia Dock

A nursing leader and women's rights activist; instrumental in the Constitutional amendment giving women the right to vote

Lillian Wald

Established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in New York City; the founder of public health nursing

Nora Gertrude Livingston

Established a training program for nurses at the Montreal General Hospital (the first 3-year program in North America)

A client asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. What is the best answer by the nurse? a.) "No nurse can prescribe a medication." b.) "Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority." c.) "Take two ibuprofen every 4 to 6 hours." d.) "Take one acetaminophen every 4 hours."

B

To meet the 4 aims of nursing, the nurse uses four blended competencies:

Cognitive, technical, interpersonal, and ethical/legal

The nurse practitioner is performing a short assessment of a newborn who is displaying signs of jaundice. The nurse observes the infant's skin color and orders a test for bilirubin levels to report to the primary care provider. What type of assessment has this nurse performed? A.Comprehensive B.Initial C.Time-lapsed D.Focused

D. Focused assessments nurses do to gain the most important information they need to have first.

Florence Nightingale

Defined nursing as both an art and a science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created freestanding nursing education; published books about nursing and health care; is regarded as the founder of modern nursing (see text for further information)

Mary Agnes Snively

Director of the nursing school at Toronto General Hospital and one of the founders of the Canadian Nurses Association

Mary Elizabeth Mahoney

Graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America's first African American nurse

Linda Richards

Graduated in 1873 from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, as the first trained nurse in the United States; became the night superintendent of Bellevue Hospital in 1874 and began the practice of keeping records and writing orders

Margaret Sanger

Opened the first birth control clinic in the United States; founder of Planned Parenthood Federation

Mary Ann Bickerdyke

Organized diet kitchens, laundries, and an ambulance service, and supervised nursing staff during the Civil War

Sojourner Truth

Provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War and worked for the women's movement

Jane Addams

Provided social services within a neighborhood setting; a leader for women's rights; recipient of the 1931 Nobel Peace prize

Leader

The assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups

Collaborator

The effective use of skills in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patient care

Researcher

The participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care

Advocate

The protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health and lives

Caregiver

The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs. As a caregiver, the nurse integrates the roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death. The role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse.

Teacher/educator

The use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families

Communicator

The use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings

Counselor

The use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills

Restoring Health

These focus on the person with an illness, and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery.

Clara Barton

Volunteered to care for wounds and feed Union soldiers during the Civil War; served as the supervisor of nurses for the Army of the James, organizing hospitals and nurses; established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882

The nurse collects objective and subjective data when conducting patient assessments. Which patient conditions are examples of subjective data? Select all that apply. A.) A patient tells the nurse that she is feeling nauseous. B.) A patient's ankles are swollen. C.) A patient tells the nurse that she is nervous about her test results. D.) A patient complains of having a rash on her arm that is itchy. E.) A patient rates his pain as a 7 on a scale of 1 to 10.F.A patient vomits after eating supper.

a, c, d, e.

The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state:

a.) "Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces." b.) "The physician is viewed as a god-like figure." c.) "The nurse is the handmaiden of the physician." d.) "The nurse is the handmaiden of the physician." A

Facilitating Coping With Disability and Death

facilitate patient and family coping with altered function, life crisis, and death.

Health promotion

motivated by the desire to increase a person's well-being and health potential.

Preventing Illness

reduce the risk of illness, to promote good health habits, and to maintain optimal functioning.

A physician tells the nurse that nursing is a discipline, but not a profession. Which criteria should the nurse utilize to demonstrate that nursing is increasingly recognized as a profession? Select all that apply. - Well-defined body of knowledge - Code of ethics - Ongoing research - Regulation by the medical profession - Sets standards

- Well-defined body of knowledge - Code of ethics - Ongoing research - Sets standards

A registered nurse (RN) is caring for four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)? a.) administering bedside blood glucose testing b.) administering blood products c.) administering intravenous push medication d.) administering chemotherapy

A

A nurse is discussing the history of the profession with a client and describes that a shift in societal focus from religion to warfare had a negative impact on nursing due to: a.) nurses caring for war victims and soldiers. b.) female criminals recruited as nurses. c.) nurses no longer praying for their clients. d.) unmarried females recruited as nurses.

B

A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. What should be the central focus of this care? a.) The nurse's actions b.) The client receiving the care c.) The nurse as the caregiver d.) Nursing as a profession

B

Florence Nightingale introduced the concept of apprenticeship for nurses. Which statement is an example of this? a.) Taking an online class at a university b.) Completing clinical hours supervised by a nursing instructor c.) Participating in a paid internship d.) Passing the NCLEX exam

B

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? a.) pre-civilization b.) 18th to 19th century c.) early civilization to 16th century d.) 16th to 17th century

B

The nurse is caring for a client at the end stage of life. The client is crying and states to the nurse, "I just cannot believe I am going to be leaving my children without a parent. I am not ready to go." What response by the nurse demonstrates the expression of empathy to the client? a.) "This is so sad and I feel so bad that you are in this situation." b.) "It sounds as though you are most concerned about how your children will feel." c.) "I am so sorry that I am crying with you when you need my support the most." d.) "This just is not fair at all and I do not understand why this is happening to you."

B

The registered nurse (RN) working with a licensed practical nurse (LPN) understands which about LPNs? a.) They may work independently. b.) They must take a licensure exam. c.) They have a higher degree than most RNs. d.) The program is 4 years in length.

B

Which challenge associated with technology most affects nurses today? a.) The use of electronics (such as a vital sign machine) to monitor clients b.) Client privacy issues within the social media realm c.) The use of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) d.) The identification of superbugs (such as MRSA)

B

Dorothea Dix

Served as superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War; was given the authority and the responsibility for recruiting and equipping a corps of army nurses; was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill

Which nursing group provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? a.) International Council of Nurses (ICN) b.) American Academy of Neurology (AAN) c.) American Nurses Association (ANA) d.) The Joint Commission

C

A nurse is working with a client who has undergone a lower leg amputation. While conducting an assessment, the nurse notes the client has a downcast mood. Which statement by the nurse conveys empathy to the client? a.) "I notice you might be experiencing some feelings of sadness. Would you like to share how you are feeling with me?" b.) "it is not uncommon to be depressed after having such major surgery. Many of my clients feel sad." c.) "if I had the type of life-altering experience you had, I would probably feel depressed. You are doing well under the circumstances." d.) "I can see you are in need of extra comfort right now. Let me adjust your position and readjust your bed linens for you."

A

A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow the opportunity to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student? a.) licensed or vocational nursing program b.) associate of science registered nursing program c.) baccalaureate of science registered nursing program d.) diploma nursing program

A

The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse? a.) The RN coordinates care delivery. b.) The RN identifies outcomes. c.) The RN analyzes client data. d.) The RN collects client data.

A