From Inquiry to Academic Writing, Ch 3, "From Writing Summaries and Paraphrases to Writing Yourself Into Academic Conversations"

context

who the author is, what their expertise is, the title of their work, when and where it was published, what prompted the writer to write the work, etc.

literature review

a "roundup" that summarizes important arguments and perspectives within the conversation your writing is attempting to join

concrete example

a direct reference to another text through summary, paraphrase, or direct quote

summary

a sentence or two that condenses a few key points of a longer text

succinct

a summary should be _____ which means you should limit the number of examples or illustrations you use

rhetorical analysis

an examination of how well the components of an argument work together to persuade or move an audience

gist

expressing the author's central idea in a sentence or two

attribution

giving credit to the original author, speaker, artist, etc., from whose work you are citing

chunking

grouping related material together into the argument's key claims

paraphrasing and summarizing

helps you understand the conversation and to convey that conversation to others

paraphrase

restating in your own words what someone else has written or said; these tend to be about the same length as the original source (but you must use different language and a different sentence structure, otherwise it could be read as plagiarism)

rhetoric

the art of using language effectively so as to prompt cooperation in an audience which often operates on a persuasive level

direct quote

the practice of conveying another's ideas using their exact words along with the proper attribution

plagiarism

the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off—even if accidentally—as one's own.

you should paraphrase

when all of the information in the passage is important, but the language is not key to your discussion

you should quote

when the passage is so effective—so clear, so concise, so authoritative, so memorable—that you would be hard-pressed to improve on it

you should summarize

when you need to present only the key ideas of a passage to advance your argument