FSE-120 Finals Study Guide (Quizzes)
Gumma are rubberlike lesions most associated with the disease
Syphilis
Yersinia Pestis is the causative agent for which disease?
Bubonic Plague
What causes yeast infections in women?
Candida albicans
What is the causative agent of thrush?
Candida albicans
Lockjaw is characterized by
Contractions of mandibular muscles
What is the causative agent of fungal meningitis?
Cryptococcus neoformans
A patient gets nosocomial infections primarily from
Hospitals and healthcare settings
Rickettsia prowazekii causes the disease epidemic typhus. What is that disease's mode of transmission?
Human body lice
Reheating food contaminated with Staphylococci will kill the bacteria itself but not the toxin.
TRUE
The scientific name for lockjaw is tetanus.
TRUE
The chickenpox virus can remain dormant in what part of the body?
dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord
Inflammation of the brain is called ________________.
encephalitis
Mumps is the infection of the ____________________.
parotid glands
methods of preparing a specimen for study under a microscope
1. Suspending 2. Smearing 3. Staining
How much of the Earth's oxygen do autotrophic bacteria produce?
20%
Malaria is caused by what?
A protozoan
African trypanosomiasis is commonly called _________________.
African sleeping sickness
What is the vector for malaria?
Anopheles mosquito
What disease is associated with farmers, gardens and rotting vegetation?
Aspergillosis
The prefix "orni-" (as in ornithosis) pertains to that which originates from
Birds (Parrot Disease)
Lyme disease is caused by which bacterium?
Borrelia burgdorferi
What part of the body does rabies attack?
CNS
Loss of smell and taste is an odd symptom of what disease?
COVID-19
You have a skin infection introduced by a kiss from the parasitic bloodborne triatomine bug. You've got a case of
Chagas disease
What is the most frequently reported sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen in the US?
Chlamydia trachomatis
Which bacterium causes diphtheria?
Clostridium diphtheriae
Which bacterium causes gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
Your kid came home this weekend with swelling of the parotid salivary glands after playing an ill-advised game of Spin the Bottle and kissing a stranger. Your kid probably has the dreaded
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (mono)
Traveler's Diarrhea is caused by the pathogen
Escherichia coli
Chlamydia trachomatis only causes venereal diseases.
False (also causes blindness)
Mycoplasma, chlamydia, and rickettsia are bacterial diseases that come from the same
Genera
Legionnaires' Disease is caused by the pathogen
Legionella pneumophilia
What cells of the body does the mononucleosis virus attack?
Memory B cells
What are the smallest free-living organisms in nature?
Mycoplasmas
What is the causative agent of PCP?
Pneumocystis carinii
Which is NOT one of the three categories of fungi?
Protozoa
Which of the following microorganisms causes African trypanosomiasis and is spread by the tsetse fly?
Protozoa
What are the names of the polio vaccines?
Sabin, Salk
Select the term or phrase that is NOT associated with St. Vitus' Dance
Sexually transmitted disease
Which disease is NOT an example of a pneumotropic disease?
Shingles
Which bacterium is common in raw milk and causes bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns, and uterine infections in postpartum women?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Which bacterium causes childbirth fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which bacterium causes scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which bacterium causes strep throat?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Jock itch is caused by
The fungus Tinea cruris
Dermatropic diseases are directly associated with
The integumentary system
What is the vector for West Nile virus?
Tiger mosquito
Why is smallpox still considered a global threat despite it being eradicated as a disease in the recent past?
Two samples still exist in rival countries the US and USSR
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella-zoster
What virus causes West Nile?
a flavivirus
Thrush is ____________.
a fungal infection where there is white growth on the tongue
What disease in infants results from ingesting honey contaminated with C. botulinum spores?
botulism
What gases make up tissue gas?
carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas
Infection with ______________ can lead to shingles later in life.
chickenpox
Fungi lack _______________, so they are NOT photosynthetic.
chlorophyll
What kind of virus causes COVID-19? (& SARS)
coronavirus
What transmits Lyme disease?
deer ticks and field mice ticks
Fungal infections of the skin are called ________________.
dermatomycoses
Picking at the bedclothes is an odd symptom of what disease?
epidemic typhus
The tongue is covered with a white or black fur and is rolled up in the disease ___________.
epidemic typhus
An area of dead tissue in cutaneous anthrax is _______________. (Doesn't form pus or cause pain)
eschar
Yeasts are ______________.
fungi
Necrosis of tissue is called _____________.
gangrene
Antimicrobial eye drops or silver nitrate placed in a baby's eyes on delivery because of the possibility of what disease?
gonorrhea
Cold sores are caused by ______________ virus.
herpes simplex 1
What is a local skin infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes that mostly infects children who scratch insect bites?
impetigo
Quinine is the treatment for ______________.
malaria
What virus is dangerous for a mother to contract in the first trimester and will result in birth defects?
measles
Healthcare associated infections are called _____________ infections.
nosocomial
How many viruses can cause the common cold?
over 200
A small, protein, infectious particle is a __________________.
prion
Francisella tularensis causes tularemia, which is also called __________.
rabbit fever
The malaria protozoan ends up in the human _____________, where it causes the disease.
red blood cells
A fungal infection of the scalp is ____________.
ringworm
In what fungal disease does a circular rash clear up in the middle as it spreads outward?
ringworm
In what part of the insect vector's body does the protozoan that causes malaria reside?
salivary glands
What is a furuncle?
serious hair follicle infection called a boil
What is the only viral disease that has been eradicated from the world?
smallpox
Which bacterium causes a furuncle?
staphylococcus aureus
The disease _______________ is caused by Treponema pallidum and has three stages to it.
syphilis
Which of the following refers to fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails?
tineas
Pregnant women shouldn't clean litter boxes to avoid the disease ___________.
toxoplasmosis
Cryptosporidium parvum often causes _______________.
traveler's diarrhea
What is the vector for African sleeping sickness?
tsetse fly
An acid would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
0;6
3 basic morphologyical) shapes of bacteria
1. Rod (bacillus) 2. Spiral (spirilla) 3. Sphere (cocci)
The toxin aflatoxin is produced by _____________.
Aspergillus flavus
What virus causes AIDS?
HIV
What cells of the body does HIV attack?
Helper T cells
Spongiform encephalopathies leave what?
Holes in brain tissue
Aspergillus glacus infects ______________.
dried fruit
Tetanus is also known as ____________.
lockjaw
Plasmodium causes __________________.
malaria
In what disease is the tongue spotted with a strawberry-like appearance?
scarlet fever
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis. When the bacterium invades attacking macrophages, a nodule in the lungs called a/n ____________ forms.
tubercle
An intracellular parasite that is genetic material in a protein coat is a _____________.
virus
What alters the surface tension of the cell membrane, causing the cell contents to leak out and kill the cell?
surfactants
The lowest temperature at which all microbes are killed in 10 minutes is
thermal death point
What is the vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
ticks
Under what conditions must an autoclave work to sterilize?
15 psi at 121oC for 10 minutes
A base would be numbers ____ to ____ on the pH scale.
8;14
A microbe's virulence is generally a measure of its
Ability to produce disease
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
Binary fission is a form of
Asexual reproduction
A microbe's virulence is reduced, weakened, and diluted through a process known as
Attenuation
Which is not one of the 3 basic shapes of bacteria?
Bone-like
The most poisonous substance on Earth is _____________________.
Botulinum toxin (not Clostridium botulinum like notes say)
Why is Cytomegalovirus (CMV) a concern for an embalmer who is also pregnant?
CMV can pass through the placenta to the fetus.
Mixed
Caused by two or more organisms
Primary
Causes the initial illness
Which bacterium causes tissue gas?
Clostridium perfringens
How was smallpox eradicated?
Controlling the human reservoir
The microbe of great concern that can cross the placenta is
Cytomegalovirus
What level of classification is the broadest, most general, and most comprehensive relative to the other classifications?
Domain
A human being's ability to ward off disease based on his or her ability to acquire immunity from natural characteristics they were born with is called adaptive immunity.
FALSE
A monotrichous bacteria has multiple flagella.
FALSE
Pus is only white in color.
FALSE
The Magic Bullet Theory, in context of this course, references that fateful day in Dealey Plaza that took the life of President John Kennedy.
FALSE
Which is NOT a method of preparing a specimen for study under a microscope
Flushing
Mycology is the study of
Fungi
What is responsible for causing disease according to the Germ Theory of Disease?
Microorganisms
Which of the following is NOT one of the four kingdoms?
Monera (Prokeryotae)
The correct way to write the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea is
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Exogenous
Organism not present in the body
The three (morphologyical) arrangements of bacteria are
Pairs - prefix diplo- Chains - prefix strepto- Clusters - prefix staphylo-
The four kingdoms are
Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?
Pseudomonas
The pus from __________________ is blue.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
What level of classification is the most specific and exclusive relative to the other classifications?
Species
Why do children tend to contract more illnesses than adults?
They are born with immature immune systems.
Communicable
Transmitted between people
What kind of light controls microbial growth?
UV
The physical method of controlling microbes that damages the cell's DNA is
UV light
The bacterium that causes bubonic plague is
Yersinia pestis
A retort is
a combustion chamber
______________ immunity is a result of being sick once or getting a vaccination.
acquired
A chemical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins and dissolves lipids in the cell membrane is
alcohol
When bacteria have flagella on each end of the cell, that is known as... (amphi=both)
amphitrichous
When one bacterium inhibits the growth of another, that is known as __________.
antagonism
Proteins that are Y-shaped and either neutralize or destroy antigens are
antibodies
An _________________ causes the body's immune system to respond.
antigen
Inhibiting microbial growth on living tissue is
antisepsis
An exogenous infection is caused by microbes that
are not normally present in the body
Reducing a microbe's virulence by diluting or weakening it is
attenuation
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis are
autotrophs
A virus that infects bacteria is
bacteriophage
Bacteria reproduce by a process called
binary fission
What is used to treat municipal drinking water and swimming pools?
chlorine
The prefix staphyl- means
cluster
The three basic shapes of bacteria are
coccus, bacillus, spirilla
In a microbial association, when one bacterium benefits and the other is unaffected, that is known as ___________.
commensalism
What disease gave milkmaids immunity to smallpox?
cowpox
What chemical is used to produce Lysol?
cresols
Destroying pathogenic agents by disinfecting inanimate objects is
disinfection
The physical method of controlling microbes that denatures proteins is
dry heat
A thick-walled cell produced by bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions is the
endospore
A/n ____________________ is toxin confined within the body of a bacterium and is released only when the bacterium is broken down.
endotoxin
Ebola is a ____________________ disease.
epidemic
Bacteria that can adapt to different sources of nutrition are ____________ bacteria.
facultative
Some bacteria use an enzyme that digests fibrin threads to better utilize blood as a nutrient. That enzyme is
fibrinolysin
Appendages on a bacterium that allows it to attach to surfaces is
fimbriae
An infection where microbes enter blood or lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body is called a/n ___________________ infection.
focal
An inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted is a
fomite
What disease is caused by a protozoan that has two nuclei and can be found in all types of water, even chlorinated water? Most common waterborne illness in US
giardiasis
A sticky, gelatinous coating on bacteria that surrounds the cell wall is the
glycocalyx
A disinfectant that oxidizes certain molecules within the microbial cell is (choose two):
halogen & iodine
Organisms that cannot make their own food and require food from a carbon source are
heterotrophs
The enzyme that Staphylococcus aureus uses to penetrate the body's connective tissue is
hyaluronidase
A bacterium in a ___________ would shrivel.
hypertonic
A bacterium in a ______________ solution would swell and might burst.
hypotonic
The best method to treat hazardous waste is
incineration
Another word for skin is
integument
Proteins that respond to viruses, bind to receptors on uninfected cells, and cause the uninfected cells to produce antiviral enzymes are
interferons
A disinfectant that is a tincture is
iodine
A compound of iodine and surfactant is
iodophore
How does higher temperature affect the effectiveness of chemical agents?
it usually increases effectiveness
Which muscles are first affected by tetanus?
jaw muscles
An agent that kills mosquito larvae is
larvicide
Bacteria that prefer human body temperatures are... between 25°C and 40°C (77°-104°F)
mesophiles
When both species of bacteria benefit in an association, that is known as __________. (symbiotic)
mutualism
The study of fungi is called
mycology
Bacteria that MUST have oxygen are
obligate aerobes
Bacteria that must NOT be in the presence of oxygen are
obligate anaerobes
Bacteria that would be utilizing tissue of human remains as a nutrition source would be _____________ bacteria.
obligate saprophyte
How many chromosomes do bacteria have?
one
COVID-19 is a ____________________ disease.
pandemic
When bacteria have flagella over the entire cell, that is known as... (peri=around)
peritrichous
A chemical method of controlling microbes that has a sickeningly sweet and tarry odor is
phenol
Salmonella food poisoning comes from
poultry
Bacteria that might prefer the temperature of remains in a refrigeration unit are ... 0°C and 25°C (32°-77°F)
psychrophiles
The natural habitat of a pathogen is
reservoir
Organisms that utilize decomposing matter as nutrients are
saprophytes
The proper term for "blood poisoning" is
septicemia
An unorganized coating on bacteria that is loosely attached to the cell wall is the
slime layer
Plasmids are
small circles of DNA separate from the main chromosome in bacteria
An agent that kills endospores is
sporicide
The process bacteria use to produce the endospore is
sporulation
Completely removing or destroying all life-forms, endospores, or their products is
sterilization
_________________ is when poisonous products of bacteria are distributed throughout the body.
toxemia
An organism that spreads disease is called a/n
vector
An agent that kills viruses is
viricide
The ability of a microbe to survive and produce disease is
virulence
Genetic material in a protein coat would describe a __________________.
virus
Diseases that are communicable from animal or animal products are
zoonoses
What part of the body does hepatitis affect?
liver
