FSHN 185 Exam 2 (Ch 5-8)

The lipoprotein most associated with a high risk of heart disease is: A. CHD B. HDL C. LDL D. LPL

C. LDL

Which of the following is a fat-digesting enzyme secreted from the mouth? Incorrect A. Hydrophobic lipase B. Gastric lipase C. Lingual lipase D. Proteases lipase E. Ductal lipase

C. Lingual lipase

Which of the following is a fat-digesting enzyme secreted from the mouth? A. Hydrophobic lipase B. Gastric lipase C. Lingual lipase D. Proteases lipase E. Ductal lipase

C. Lingual lipase

Of the total amount of glucose energy consumed by the body each day, about what percentage is used by the brain and nerve cells? A. 15% B. 25% C. 35% D. 50% E. 75%

D. 50%

Fat supplies about ________ of the body's ongoing energy needs during rest. A. 10% B. 20% C. 40% D. 60% E. 80%

D. 60%

Before entering the TCA cycle, each of the energy- yielding nutrients is broken down to: A. ammonia B. pyruvate C. electrons D. acetyl CoA

D. acetyl CoA

During metabolism, released energy is captured and transferred by: A. enzymes B. pyruvate C. acetyl CoA D. adenosine triphosphate

D. adenosine triphosphate

A person who consistently consumes 9000 kilojoules a day and spends 7000 kilojoules a day for a month would be expected to: A. lose 250 to 500 g B. gain 250 to 500 g C. lose 2 to 3 kg D. gain 2 to 3 kg

D. gain 2 to 3 kg

The essential fatty acids include: A. stearic acid and oleic acid B. oleic acid and linoleic acid C. palmitic acid and alpha-linolenic acid D. linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid

D. linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes because: A. fat cells require glucose for energy B. obesity lowers blood triglycerides C. obesity affects kidney function D. obesity causes insulin resistance

D. obesity causes insulin resistance

Which of these foods has the least protein per 1⁄2 cup? A. rice B. broccoli C. kidney beans D. orange juice

D. orange juice

Digestive enzymes are ________ and function optimally at their specific pH. A. lipids B. carbohydrates C. sterols D. proteins E. supplements

D. proteins

Chylomicrons are produced in the: A. liver B. pancreas C. gall bladder D. small intestine

D. small intestine

Which statement about protein transporters is FALSE? A. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells. B. Some transport proteins act as "pumps." C. Iron is captured in an intestinal cell by a protein. D. Transport proteins within a cell membrane pick up and release sodium and potassium across the membrane. E. Active transport systems require no energy.

E. Active transport systems require no energy.

Which statement accurately describes lecithin? A. It is the best-known sterol. B. It is similar to triglycerides, but contains four fatty acids. C. Each attachment site is occupied by a phosphate group and a molecule of choline. D. It is soluble in fat, but not in water. E. It is used as an emulsifier by the food industry.

E. It is used as an emulsifier by the food industry.

What are the "powerhouses" of the cell? A. DNA B. ribosomes C. RNA D. electron transport chains E. mitochondria

E. mitochondria

When proteins are deaminated, what substance is produced? A. urea B. ketones C. ammonia D. nitrogen

C. ammonia

Deamination of an amino acid produces: A. vitamin B6 and energy B. pyruvate and acetyl CoA C. ammonia and a keto acid D. carbon dioxide and water

C. ammonia and a keto acid

Which of the following about trans fatty acids is NOT true? Trans fatty acids: A. only exist through hydrogenation B. have the hydrogens next to the double bonds on opposite sides of the carbon chain C. are found naturally in some foods D. behave like saturated fat in the human body

C. are found naturally in some foods

The pathway that breaks down fatty acids to be metabolised for energy is called: A. the Cori cycle B. gluconeogenesis C. beta oxidation D. deamination

C. beta oxidation

A major factor influencing BMR is: A. hunger B. food intake C. body composition D. physical activity

C. body composition

Hydrolysis is an example of a(n): A. coupled reaction B. anabolic reaction C. catabolic reaction D. synthesis reaction

C. catabolic reaction

The strategy of combining plant-protein foods that have different amino acids patterns is known as: A. essential protein combining B. vegetarian protein combining C. complementary proteins D. protein matching

C. complementary proteins

The connection of amino acids to each other occurs through what kind of reaction? A. redox B. nuclear C. condensation D. dehydration

C. condensation

Saturated fatty acids: A. are always 22 carbons long B. have one or more double bond C. contribute to the development of heart disease D. are always liquid at room temperature

C. contribute to the development of heart disease

Cholesterol made within the body is referred to as ________. A. exogenous B. atherosclerosis C. endogenous D. hydrophobic E. hydrophilic

C. endogenous

Glycolysis begins with ____ and ends with _____. A. glycerol; acetyl CoA B. acetyl CoA; lactate C. glucose; pyruvate D. acetyl CoA; pyruvate

C. glucose; pyruvate

Marasmus develops from: A. too much fat clogging the liver B. megadoses of amino acid supplements C. inadequate protein and energy intake D. excessive fluid intake causing oedema

C. inadequate protein and energy intake

A vegetarian who plans a meal involving black beans can consume all the essential amino acids by adding another a plant protein rich in ________. A. lysine B. tyrosine C. methionine D. isoleucine E. phenylalanine

C. methionine

Of all the amino acids, how many must be supplied by the diet? A. two B. five C. nine D. 13 E. 17

C. nine

Protein turnover describes the amount of protein: A. found in foods and the body B. absorbed from the diet C. synthesised and degraded D. used to make glucose

C. synthesised and degraded

Triglyceride consists of: A. three fatty acids attached to a glucose B. three phospholipids attached to a cholesterol C. three fatty acids attached to a glycerol D. three glycerols attached to a lipid

C. three fatty acids attached to a glycerol

The body stores energy for future use in: A. proteins B. acetyl CoA C. triglycerides D. ketone bodies

C. triglycerides

Which term describes the results of blood tests that reveal a person's total cholesterol, triglycerides, and various lipoproteins? A. Blood lipid profile B. Circulating fat count C. Cholesterol-to-fat count D. Disease assessment E. Lipid balance ratio

A. Blood lipid profile

When health experts say to consume alcohol "in moderation," what do they mean? A. Men should have no more than two drinks per day; women, no more than one drink per day. B. Men and women should have no more than two drinks per day. C. Men should have no more than four drinks per week; women, no more than two drinks per week D. Men and women should have no more than one drink per day. E. Men and women should have no more than two drinks in a four-hour period.

A. Men should have no more than two drinks per day; women, no more than one drink per day.

Which term describes the process of a substance combing with oxygen? A. Oxidation B. Condensation C. Hydrogenation D. Cis E. Conjugation

A. Oxidation

The adipokines do not include: A. adiponectin B. leptin C. resistin D. ghrelin

A. adiponectin

The largest component of energy expenditure is: A. basal metabolism B. physical activity C. indirect calorimetry D. thermic effect of food

A. basal metabolism

Which of the following reflects height and weight? A. body mass index B. central obesity C. waist circumference D. body composition

A. body mass index

Which of the following is not true? Fats: A. contain glucose B. provide energy C. protect against organ shock D. carry vitamins A, D, E and K

A. contain glucose

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid: A. denatures proteins and activates pepsin B. hydrolyses proteins and denatures pepsin C. emulsifies proteins and releases peptidase D. condenses proteins and facilitates digestion

A. denatures proteins and activates pepsin

Which of the following foods provides the highest quality protein? A. egg B. corn C. gelatin D. whole grains

A. egg

A person craving to snack while trying to study an overwhelming and complex issue is responding to which stimuli: A. external cues B. hunger signals C. stress arousal D. satiety factors

A. external cues

Which part of its chemical structure differentiates one amino acid from another? A. its side group B. its acid group C. its amino group D. its double bonds

A. its side group

A vegetarian who plans a meal involving rice can consume all the essential amino acids by adding another a plant protein rich in ________. A. lysine B. tryptophan C. phenylalanine D. glutamic acid E. methionine

A. lysine

The thermic effect of a 3000 kJ meal is about: A. 30 kJ B. 300 kJ C. 600 kJ D. 900 kJ

B. 300 kJ

Which of these is an anabolic reaction? A. Glycogen to glucose B. Amino acids to protein C. Energy release D. Protein to amino acids E. Triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol

B. Amino acids to protein

According to the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid, how often should one eat fish and seafood? A. Once a week B. At least twice a week C. Only once a month D. No more than a few times a month E. Never

B. At least twice a week

Which of the following terms describes an amino acid that is normally dispensable, but must be supplied by the diet in special circumstances when the need for it exceeds the body's ability to make it? A. Conditionally nonessential amino acid B. Conditionally essential amino acid C. Nonessential amino acid D. Essential amino acid E. Circumspect amino acid

B. Conditionally essential amino acid

What is the reason that fat yields more calories than carbohydrate or protein? A. Fat has few carbon-hydrogen bonds. B. Fat contains many carbon-hydrogen bonds that can be readily oxidized. C. Fat is not easily oxidized. D. Fat undergoes many energy-requiring metabolic reactions, thereby increasing its energy yield. E. Fat has a low ratio of carbon to hydrogen bonds.

B. Fat contains many carbon-hydrogen bonds that can be readily oxidized.

Which lipoprotein primarily transports cholesterol in the blood? A. Chylomicron B. Low-density lipoprotein C. High-density lipoprotein D. Very low-density lipoprotein E. Very high density lipoprotein

B. Low-density lipoprotein

In what part of the GI tract is pepsin active? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Pancreas D. Small intestine E. Liver

B. Stomach

What are chylomicrons? A. Clusters of lipids and proteins used as transport vehicles from the intestines to the body B. Tiny spheres of emulsified fat C. Alcohols with three-carbon chains D. Food additives E. Nitrogen compounds found in foods and made in the body

B. Tiny spheres of emulsified fat

During a fast, when glycogen stores have been depleted, the body begins to synthesise glucose from: A. acetyl CoA B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. ketone bodies

B. amino acids

During a fast, the body produces ketone bodies by: A. hydrolysing glycogen B. condensing acetyl CoA C. transaminating keto acids D. converting ammonia to urea

B. condensing acetyl CoA

A bomb calorimeter measures: A. physiological fuel B. energy available from foods C. kilojoules a person derives from foods D. heat a person releases in basal metabolism

B. energy available from foods

Proteins that maintain the acid-base balance of the blood and body fluids by accepting and releasing hydrogen ions are: A. buffers B. enzymes C. hormones D. antigens

B. enzymes

The hormone responsible for dismantling stored triglycerides and releasing the glycerol and fatty acids into the blood stream is: A. ligual lipase B. hormone sensitive lipase C. gastric lipase D. pancreatic lipase

B. hormone sensitive lipase

A part of the body that is central to food intake regulation is the: A. liver B. hypothalamus C. large intestine D. pancreas

B. hypothalamus

Transport vehicles for lipids are called: A. monoglycerides B. lipoproteins C. micelles D. blood vessels

B. lipoproteins

For health's sake, a person with a BMI of 20 might want to: A. lose weight B. maintain weight C. gain weight D. stay the same weight

B. maintain weight

The name of the process in which green plants use the sun's energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water is ______. A. gluconeogenesis B. photosynthesis C. metabolism D. oxidation E. Electron transport

B. photosynthesis

For complete oxidation, acetyl CoA enters: A. glycolysis B. the TCA cycle C. gluconeogenesis D. the electron transport chain

B. the TCA cycle

The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in people with chronic alcohol abuse stems primarily from a deficiency of ____. A. folate B. thiamin C. antidiuretic hormone D. alcohol dehydrogenase E. protein

B. thiamin

The protein RDA for adults is ________ grams per kilogram. A. 0.08 B. 0.36 C. 0.8 D. 3.6 E. eight

C. 0.8

Which metabolic reaction occurs when a cell releases energy? A. ATP gains a phosphate group and becomes ADP. B. ADP gains a phosphate group and becomes ATP. C. ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP. D. ADP releases a phosphate group and becomes ATP. E. ADP and ATP cycle back and forth repeatedly.

C. ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP.

Which of the following compounds can be synthesized by carbohydrate, protein, and fat? A. Lactate B. Glycogen C. Acetyl CoA D. Oxaloacetate E. Glucose

C. Acetyl CoA

Which term refers to the change in a protein's shape due to the application of heat or acid? A. Oxygenation B. Condensation C. Denaturation D. Destabilization E. Hydrolization

C. Denaturation

Which of the following is a feature of aerobic metabolism? A. It does not require oxygen. B. Lactate is created. C. Energy is produced more slowly than in anaerobic metabolism. D. Pyruvate is converted to glucose. E. The energy created can be sustained for only a couple of minutes.

C. Energy is produced more slowly than in anaerobic metabolism.

Which protein has a quaternary polypeptide structure and carries 80% of the body's iron? A. Serine B. Valine C. Hemoglobin D. Insulin E. Tryptophan

C. Hemoglobin