FST1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water

6 classes of nutrients

9

amount of kcalories in lipids

4

amount of kcalories in portein

1800

average amount of kcal a person needs a day

water

for our bodies, acts as a -solvent, -body fluid, -reaction medium -vehicle for transporting nutrients to cells and removing waste products, -temperature regulation

magic wands

micronutrients known as" ____" enable the body to produce enzymes, hormones and other substances essential for proper growth and development.

8

number of B vitamins

iron, iodine, vitamin A, zinc

top 4 deficiencies in are among the top causes of death from disease in developing countries.

Food Insecurity

: Limited or uncertain availability of food or money to buy food

Macronutrients

: needed in gram quantities

Micronutrients

: needed in milligram or microgram quantities.

Micronutrients

: vitamins and minerals are classified as ________

food insecurity

A situation that exists when people lack access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life.

malnutrition

Compared to the significant advances made on other worldwide health crises, progress on reducing _______ has been considerably slow for two decades.

iron deficiency

During childhood and adolescence, it impairs physical growth, mental development and learning capacity. In adults, it reduces the capacity to work, and severe anaemia increases the risk of women dying in childbirth. * The highest proportion of individuals affected is in Africa (48-68 percent), while the greatest number affected is in southeast Asia (315 million). around 30 percent of the world's population - are anaemic

Undernutrition

Failing health that results from a diet (long duration) that is not enough to meet nutritional needs. is common when food supplies are low and the population is large. leads to nutritional deficiency diseases.

folate

a B vitamin; found in green leafy vegetables, beans etc

7

alcohol also supplies energy. amount of kcal in alcohol

4

amount of kcalories in carbohydrates

breast feeding

babies can be protected from vitamin A deficiency through _____

beta - carotene

carotenoid with highest provitamin A activity

fat soluble , water soluble

categories of vitamins

nutrients

chemical substances present in food that provide: energy and materials to build and maintain the body ‐

> 100 mg

daily needs for major minerals

<100 mg

daily needs for trace minerals

iron

deficiency in this ______ reduce the work capacity of individuals and entire populations,

vitamin A

deficiency of _____ that causes blindness. 250-500 K children become blind a year

iodine deficiency

during pregnancy can result in stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and congenital abnormalities such as cretinism, a grave, irreversible form of mental retardation that affects people living in areas of Africa and Asia.

iodized salt

effective measure against iodine deficiency

major minerals

ex: calcium, phosphorous, potassium.

trace minerals

ex: iron, iodine, zinc, etc

vitamins A D E K

fat soluble vitamins

vitamins

help regulate and support chemical reactions in the body.

bomb calorimeter

instrument that measures calorie content

Zinc

involved in more body functions than any other mineral, acting as a necessary component of more than 200 enzyme systems, normal growth and development, the maintenance of body tissues, sexual function, vision and the immune system. The health effects include dermatitis, impaired growth, diarrhoea, mental disturbances and recurrent infections.

goiter

iodine deficiency that can cause mental retardation in children

malnutrition

is a largely hidden crisis, but it afflicts one in four children around the world. It wreaks lifelong damage and is a major killer of children. Every hour of every day, 300 children die because of _____

Vitamin A deficiency

is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children, and increases the risk of disease and death from severe infections, including diarrhoea and measles. In pregnant women, it causes night blindness and can increase the risk of maternal mortality.

ascorbic acid

known as vitamin c

chronic malnutrition

lack of proper nutrition overtime

iron

most common micronutrient deficiency in the world

anemia

most common type of iron deficiency

carotenoids

natural pigments with colors ranging from yellow to orange to red. give vegetables/fruits their flavors.can be converted to vitamin A

fortification

nutrients added to food where they are not originally present. (adding vitamins D and calcium to OJ)

enrichment

nutrients lost during processing that are later added back (for ex: all purpose flower with vitamins B1, b2 folic acid and iron

anemia

only nutrient deficiency that is prevalent in developed countries

hidden hunger

phrase to describe Malnutrition caused by a lack of vitamins and minerals in the diet

provitamin A

precursors for vitamin _____ , found in carotenoids .

minerals

range of elemental, inorganic substances that are required from foods in small amounts

folic acid

synthetic form of folate added to foods as supplements

scurvy

vitamin C deficincy that causes lose teeth, bleeding gums

Vitamin A

vitamin thats found only in foods of animal origin.

small

vitamins are required in a ________ amount in the diet

B vitamins

vitamins that have key role in energy metabolism

vitamins B C

water soluble vitamins

Food security

when all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life