Full Course 15 Set B

May come in the form of explicit directions, or simply be implied according to the type of communication.

Define Parameters

Once the pattern has been chosen, the next step in organizing is to sort all of the ideas about the subject to

Determine Main Points and Support

All Air Force writing or speaking falls under one or a combination of four general purposes:

Direct, inform, persuade, and inspire

Used to pass on information describing actions you expect to be carried out by your audience

Directive communication

"Staying in your lane" means:

Discussing your area of expertise, but NOT discussing a friend's area of expertise.

begins with the organization's upper level of management and filters down through the chain of command

Downward communication

Goal is to fulfill your obligation to provide truthful, timely, and accurate information about military activities and personnel, consistent with security guidelines that enhance public trust and support for the Air Force; remain within the bounds of security, accuracy, propriety, and policy (SAPP).

Engagement

You make judgments about your work or you judge a piece of work as it stands and as it seems to you against your own unique bundle of experiences, observations, and attitudes

Evaluate

Even if you are not representing the Air Force, why is it important that you maintain a positive image?

Every Airman is an ambassador for the service. Even if you are not representing the Air Force, the audience may not interpret the information that way.

Real life, Imaginary, Brief (used as citation support, proof support, or to condense a lot of narrative info)

Examples

Support Material

Examples, Statistics, Testimony, Comparisons (metaphor, simile, analogy, literal, figurative, contrast) Explanations

Definitions; two types of explanations: analysis (break into small parts and provide who, what, why, where, when, and how) and description (similar to a definition but adds more adjectives or adverbs and lets the audience see, hear, or feel the expanded definition)

Explanations

Not only completes the communication process but also starts it all over again

Feedback

A technique used to emphasize your message. Use verbal clues such as tone of voice, non-verbal hand gestures, and facial expressions to emphasize your point.

Flagging

Takes advantage of opportunities before the interview to get the reporter interested in talking about what you want to. The idea is to entice the interviewer into your agenda.

Hooking

Types of Interview Techniques

Hooking, bridging, flagging, & personal credibility

Give three examples of the impact of operating "Outside your Lane."

Huge negative impact on your professional career, national security, the Air Force mission, and the public's perception of the Air Force and the military.; - Your personal life could be disrupted (career ending) and you could discredit yourself, the enlisted corps, your unit, the Air Force, and the country.; - Impact your fellow Airmen in harm's way.; - Impact the public's perception of the mission.

List four of the Air Force's tips for using new media.

Identify yourself (but not risking safety). - Put safety first - Be aware of the image you present. - Use common sense —don't say things you would not say in front of your mother. - Take calculated risks. - Engage! Remember, the enemy is engaging back!

Goal is to pass on information to the audience

Informative communication

To determine the meaning or understand the significance of the elements and how the elements fit into the whole; to make assumptions, to form opinions or beliefs.

Interpret

Includes an Attention Step, Purpose Statement, Motivation/Hook, and Overview

Introduction

A deliberately developed story about the Air Force

Air Force narrative

You are making sure you separate the reading into parts or elements. Ask yourself why you are reading the material and what question are you trying to answer?

Analyze

Allows you to provide context to stories, ensure that a proper emphasis is placed on key aspects of the information provided, and stories are accurately reported. In this type of interview, any quotes you give will usually be attributed to a generic title.

Background Interview

A website containing the writer's frequently updated personal journal with images and links to other web sites

Blog

Where you deliver your message and achieve your objective; made up of an orderly sequence of main ideas (main points) using one or more paragraphs. Each paragraph has topic sentences and unity. It also has coherence.

Body

Why is the specific objective so important to effective communication?

Bottom line of communication

A technique you can use to move from the reporter's agenda to your message; also a way to smoothly transition from the reporter's question asked to your message. You are still answering their question, but also delivering your message.

Bridging

Metaphor, simile, analogy, literal example, figurative example, or contrast

Comparison

Pertains to specific facts about friendly intentions, capabilities, and activities vitally needed by adversaries for them to plan and act effectively, so as to guarantee failure or unacceptable consequences for friendly mission accomplishment.

Critical information

Never say anything you don't want to see printed or broadcasted because your quote will always be attributed to your name.

On-the-Record Interview

Types of Interviews

On-the-Record Interview; Background Interview; Off-the-Record Interview

Includes the environmental factors and conditions that must be understood to successfully apply combat power, protect the force, or complete the mission, including the enemy and friendly forces.

Online battlespace

blueprint for your communication that ensures your finished product looks the way you intended it to

Outline

_________ means that it is outside of your responsibility. It's meant to tell others to mind your own business.

Outside your lane

Provides a road map for your audience

Overview

Having a single idea, leading the reader from sentence to sentence, and using transitional words.

Paragraph unity

Helps you present ideas in a logical sequence and allows the audience to follow the communication from start to finish.

Pattern

Means you are the expert! Use your personal authority and experience to establish your professional credentials.

Personal Credibility

Used when you are trying to "sell" your audience on a new idea, new policy, new product, or change in current operations

Persuasive communication

Uploading images to a website like Flickr or Picasa, adding tags, and offering people the chance to comment or re-use your photos

Photo sharing

Must clearly and succinctly address your purpose for communicating. It must be well focused because it provides the underlying theme for the rest of your communication and addresses your reason for communicating

Purpose statement

The target for the sender's message

Receiver

The intended recipient of the message

Receiving audience

Steps to Prepare the Communication

Research, Development, Organizing Communication, and Draft & Edit

Explain SAPP. Under each letter, list what the letter stands for and give an example.

Security - OPSEC; Accuracy - Telling the Story Correctly; Propriety - Politeness, Respect, Decency; Policy - Laws, DOS

Substeps of Organizing Communication

Selecting a suitable pattern, defining main and support points, constructing an outline, and transitioning between main points.

Originator of the communication process

Sender

The Basic Communication Process includes four elements:

Sender, Message, Receiver, and Feedback

The basic communication process includes the following four elements:

Sender, message, receiver, and feedback

The person responsible for the message

Sending audience

Helps Internet users reference, organize, store, manage, and search for bookmarks of resources online and allows users to save links to other web pages that they want to remember or share.

Social bookmarking

Describes the various activities that integrate technology, social interaction, and the construction of words, pictures, videos, and audio.

Social media

Described as a social structure made up of individuals (or organizations) called "nodes", which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship.

Social networking

Defines the desired result on the target audience; "What do I want my audience to do as a result of my communication?"

Specific Objective

Keep simple, round off, give complete info, provide your source

Statistics

Discussing only issues related to your AFSC or personal experiences.

Stay in your lane

An effort on the part of the United States' Government to understand and engage key audiences in order to create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of the United States Government interests, objectives, and policies.

Strategic Communication

A focused United States Government effort to understand and engage key audiences to create, strengthen, or preserve conditions favorable for the advancement of United States Government interests, policies, and objectives through the use of coordinated programs, plans, themes, messages, and products synchronized with the actions of all instruments of national power

Strategic communication

To put different elements together to form a new whole; to draw conclusions about the relationships and implication.

Synthesize

Direct quote or paraphrase; rules: keep brief, use in context, integrate, and give credit

Testimony

a. Type/write whatever comes to mind and don't worry about its relationship to the topic - suspend all judgment.; b. Do not look back at what you wrote, but keep typing or writing.; c. Do not worry about spelling, grammar, complete sentences and thoughts, paragraphs, transitions, etc.; d. After exhausting your thoughts, walk away without looking over your work while you take a cooling-off period.

The Free Writing Rules

Should: 1. express the main ideas of each paragraph; 2. serve as the focal point for supporting details, facts, figures, and examples; 3. prepare readers for supporting information; and 4. normally be the first sentence; it sets the mood and catches the reader's interest.

Topic Sentence

Show connections between ideas

Transitions

In general, the Armed Forces view personal Web sites and blogs positively, and it respects the rights of its members to use them as a medium of self-expression. However, you must abide by certain restrictions to ensure good order and discipline. As a military member, you're on duty 24-hours a day, 365-days a year, and your actions are subject to the ______.

UCMJ

All sentences support the topic sentence, which, in turn, supports the main point. One of the most effective methods for checking for this is called the "because test."

Unity

the flow of communication through the chain of command from the lowest organizational position to the highest

Upward communication

User-centered, dynamic Internet based services that emphasize collaboration and sharing.

Web 2.0

The next generation of the web is emerging as a better, smarter, and faster web

Web 3.0

Types of Support

Yourself as a Credible Source, Common Knowledge, Standard Information, Others as Credible Sources, Reference Sources, Clarification Support (provide examples and additional descriptive details and emphasize the ideas), Proof Support (stats, testimonials, and quotes), Integration and Citation (Integration means the source is incorporated into the text, paper, or speech; Citation is a method used to verify the source's credibility on a book, article, webpage, or other published item)

Proof support includes

a. Definition; b. Statistics; c. Example

The best way to narrow the topic is to:

a. List all of the major aspects of the broad area.; b. Include all significant and insignificant details.; c. Ask the audience to prioritize the subtopics for you.

Give two examples telling why is it important to tell the Air Force story.

be an ambassador for the Air Force; - give the American public accurate and relevant information

The last and often neglected part of well-arranged communication. Include three elements: summary, restatement of purpose and/or re-motivation, and closure.

conclusion

List the four General Purposes of AF communication

direct, inform, persuade, and inspire

One final purpose of writing or speaking that doesn't get much attention but is frequently used in the military is to _______.

inspire

One of the most important steps toward effectively reaching your specific objective is ______ communication to follow a logical sequence.

organizing

A short story about your experiences in the Air Force. On the other hand

personal narrative

Attention technique

questions, quotes, jokes, startling statement, gimmick, common ground

A way to show connections between ideas is to use

transitions

In Air Force organizations, communication flows in three directions:

upward, downward, and laterally.

What are the three ways communication flows?

upward, downward, and laterally.

Examples of Air Force Narrative Topics

• Air Force Mission; • Air Force Core Values; • Air Force Priorities; • Customs and Courtesies; • Enlisted Professional Military Education; • Airman's Creed

Key Audiences

• American public; • Family and friends; • News Media; • Potential recruits; • Foreign Militaries • Enemy

Your effective speaking and writing skills provide:

• Clear instructions; • Clear policies and procedures; • Help to articulate mission and goals; • Effective subordinate performance (EPRs, Awards, Decs, Admin Actions, etc.); • How others perceive my knowledge and intelligence; • Positive viewpoints of my work center (unit, organization, service, etc.)

What is Your Role in Strategic Communication?

• Know the Air Force message(s); • Tell the Air Force story; • Tell what I do and how it supports my wing's mission and priorities; • Stay in my lane

Types of Patterns

• Time/Chronological; • Reasoning; • Problem/Solution; • Cause/Effect; • Topical; • Combination

information flows neither downward nor upward; instead, it flows across organizational channels

Lateral communication

The idea, feeling, or information that a sender transfers to his/her audience by using written or spoken words and nonverbal symbols

Message

A short broadcast in the form of a blog

Microblogging

Help you create a fairly accurate "blueprint" of all your thoughts and with patterns of organization.

Mind maps

Brainstorming Tools:

Mind-Mapping, Free-Writing

Tells Why the audience needs to listen, How they can use the information, and what makes them Want to listen. Examples include shocking stats, asking questions, or enlisting audience participation

Motivation/hook

Give three examples explaining the strategic impact of modern communication.

Negative impact on the Air Force or the nation. - Negative impact on public perception. - National Security - Negatively impact missions

Give three examples of proper media engagement.

Never divulge classified information. - Stay in your lane on your subject area. - Don't lie. Stay factual. - Give your opinion but ensure people know it is yours.

Defined as the emergence of digital, computerized, or networked information and communication technologies

New media

Purpose is to reduce the vulnerability of Air Force missions from successful adversary collection and exploitation of critical information.

OPSEC

What are considerations, benefits, and limitations of communicating Air Force or DOD-related information via personal social media websites?

OPSEC - Stay In Your Lane and don't discuss issues that are not related to your AFSC. - Replace error with fact, not argument. - Identify to readers that the views you express are yours alone and not of the Air Force. - Be the first to respond to your own mistakes. - Be careful what you write and upload. - Be aware of the image you present. - Avoid being offensive. - Make sure you don't infringe on trademarks. - The Air Force cautions you to avoid endorsements. - NEVER use the Air Force name to endorse or promote products, opinions, or causes

Friendly detectable actions and open-source information that can be collected, interpreted, or pieced together by an adversary to derive critical information

OPSEC indicators

You should always clearly state which portion of the interview is "off-the-record" to ensure there is no chance of confusion.

Off-the-Record Interview