Functional Groups and Carbohydrates
Carbonyl
-C=o-; Found in sugar; Neither basic or acidic
Carboxyl
-C=o-OH; Found in proteins; Acidic
Methyl
-CH3; Found in DNA; Neither basic; Turns on DNA
Dehydrate
To lose or remove water
Synthesis
To make something
Lysis
To spilt or break something apart: To release
Proteins
Single: Amino acids; More than one: Polypeptide
Carbs
Single: Monosaccharides; Two: Disaccharides; More than two: polysaccharides
Nucleic Acids
Single: Nucleotides ex. DNA, RNA, ATP
Polysaccharides Storage: Plants
Starch; helical; made of glucose
Amino
-N-H-H; Found in proteins; Basic; "Amines"
Hydroxyl
-OH; Found in sugar/alcohol; Neither basic or acidic; ends in "-ol"
Polysaccharides Storage: Animals
Glycogen; stored in liver + muscles; branched; made of glucose
Functional Groups
Groups of atoms found together that behave in predictable ways; 6 types: 5 are polar(hydrophilic) 1 is non-polar (hydrophobic)
Functional groups of Carbs
Hydroxyl and carbonyl
Disaccharide
Made through two monosaccharides through dehydration reaction
Polymer
Molecule made of many repeating units called monomers
Macromolecules
Molecules made up of repeating units in particular order(ex. carbs, proteins + nucleic acids
Shape of Carbs
Mostly ring, can be linear
Hydro
Prefix for water
Dehydration Reaction
Reaction that bonds 2 monomers together to build a polymer, by removing "-OH" from one monomer and H from another
Hydrolysis Reaction
Reaction that breaks a polymer into 2 smaller pieces by adding H20
Phosphate
o-P=o-o-o; Found in lipids+nucleic acids; Neither basic or acidic; P circled