Functional Groups and Carbohydrates

Carbonyl

-C=o-; Found in sugar; Neither basic or acidic

Carboxyl

-C=o-OH; Found in proteins; Acidic

Methyl

-CH3; Found in DNA; Neither basic; Turns on DNA

Dehydrate

To lose or remove water

Synthesis

To make something

Lysis

To spilt or break something apart: To release

Proteins

Single: Amino acids; More than one: Polypeptide

Carbs

Single: Monosaccharides; Two: Disaccharides; More than two: polysaccharides

Nucleic Acids

Single: Nucleotides ex. DNA, RNA, ATP

Polysaccharides Storage: Plants

Starch; helical; made of glucose

Amino

-N-H-H; Found in proteins; Basic; "Amines"

Hydroxyl

-OH; Found in sugar/alcohol; Neither basic or acidic; ends in "-ol"

Polysaccharides Storage: Animals

Glycogen; stored in liver + muscles; branched; made of glucose

Functional Groups

Groups of atoms found together that behave in predictable ways; 6 types: 5 are polar(hydrophilic) 1 is non-polar (hydrophobic)

Functional groups of Carbs

Hydroxyl and carbonyl

Disaccharide

Made through two monosaccharides through dehydration reaction

Polymer

Molecule made of many repeating units called monomers

Macromolecules

Molecules made up of repeating units in particular order(ex. carbs, proteins + nucleic acids

Shape of Carbs

Mostly ring, can be linear

Hydro

Prefix for water

Dehydration Reaction

Reaction that bonds 2 monomers together to build a polymer, by removing "-OH" from one monomer and H from another

Hydrolysis Reaction

Reaction that breaks a polymer into 2 smaller pieces by adding H20

Phosphate

o-P=o-o-o; Found in lipids+nucleic acids; Neither basic or acidic; P circled