Functional Groups - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

Carboxylic Acid functional group definition/ example?

A carboxyl group (COOH) is a functional group consisting of a carbonyl group (C=O) with a hydroxyl group (O-H) attached to the same carbon atom. ... Acids with two or more carboxylic groups are called dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic, etc. Salts and esters of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates.

Cyano functional group definition/ example?

A functional group that consists of a carbon atom joined to a nitrogen atom by a triple bond; it can be joined to an atom or another group by a single bond to the carbon atom. When a cyano group is joined to hydrogen, it forms hydrogen cyanide .

Primary Amine functional group definition/ example?

A primary (1º) amine is an amine that has the following general structural formula. R= alkyl, aryl. eg: The NH2 group in a primary amine molecule is called the primary amine group.

Tertiary Amine functional group definition/ example?

A tertiary amine is an amine that has the following general structural formula. R1—R3 = alkyl and/or aryl. eg: The nitrogen atom in a tertiary amine is called the tertiary amine group

Thiol functional group definition/ example?

A thiol is a compound which contains an SH functional group. The -SH group itself is called a mercapto group. A disulfide is a compound containing an -S-S- linkage.

Alkanes functional group definition/ example?

Alkanes are not usually considered as functional groups; instead, an alkane is a compound that lacks functional groups. Hydrocarbons (compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen) that contain only carbon-carbon single bonds are called alkanes.

Alkyl Halide functional group definition/ example?

Alkyl halides [haloalkanes] consist of an alkyl group attached to a halogen: F, Cl, Br, I. Chloro, bromo and iodo alkyl halides are often susceptible to elimination and/or nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Alkynes functional group definition/ example?

Alkynes are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds and are written in the empirical formula of CnH2n−2. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Like alkenes have the suffix -ene, alkynes use the ending -yne; this suffix is used when there is only one alkyne in the molecule.

Alcohol functional group definition/ example?

An alcohol is an organic compound with a hydroxyl (OH) functional group on an aliphatic carbon atom. Because OH is the functional group of all alcohols, we often represent alcohols by the general formula ROH, where R is an alkyl group.

Amide functional group definition/ example?

An amide functional group consists of a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen. In simple amides, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen (-CONH2) while in more complex amides, the nitrogen is bonded to one or two aliphatic or aromatic groups (-CONR). H could also be a carbon

Ester functional group definition/ example?

Esters are a functional group commonly encountered in organic chemistry. They are characterized by a carbon bound to three other atoms: a single bond to a carbon, a double bond to an oxygen, and a single bond to an oxygen. ... Esters react with nucleophiles at the carbonyl carbon.

Sulfide functional group definition/ example?

In organic chemistry, "sulfide" usually refers to the linkage C-S-C, although the term thioether is less ambiguous.

Carbonyl functional group definition/ example?

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. It is common to several classes of organic compounds, as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound.

Secondary Amine functional group definition/ example?

Secondary amine (2o amine): An amine in which the amino group is directly bonded to two carbons of any hybridization; these carbons cannot be carbonyl group carbons. General secondary amine structure. X = any atom but carbon; usually hydrogen.

Aromatics functional group definition/ example?

The additional functional group that contains only carbon and hydrogen is an aromatic ring which is a six-carbon ring with alternative double bonds. The aromatic ring is also shown as a ring with a circle in the middle representing the double bonds.f there are other groups present on the benzene ring the compound is said to be a substituted benzene.

Amine functional group definition/ example?

The amine functional group contains a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons. As such, the group is derivative of ammonia, in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a carbon-containing substituent. ... The prefix "amino-" or the suffix "-amine" is used when naming an amine compound.

Ether functional group definition/ example?

The ether functional group consists of an oxygen atom that forms single bonds with two carbon atoms. Ethers are good solvents for other organic compounds because of their low reactivity. They readily dissolve nonpolar molecules. Diethyl ether is perhaps the best known ether

Alkenes functional group definition/ example?

The functional group in an alkene is a carbon-carbon double bond.

Aldehyde functional group definition/ example?

a compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

Ketone functional group definition/ example?

a functional group with the structure RC(=O)R', where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones and aldehydes are simple compounds that contain a carbonyl group (a carbon-oxygen double bond).