Ulum ul Quran 1/2019
Define wahi
Wahi is a communication which is done secretly without others knowing and it is done swiftly and quickly It is an inspiration It links the world of the seen to the unseen: Allah to his creation
When did Ulum ul Quran established as a science?
Ulum ul Quran established In the 2nd century by the first Tafseer of Yazid ibn Harun as-Sulami and Shu´ba b. al Haggag
Which types of reasons exist for revelation?
There are three kinds of 'reasons' which are connected with revelation of particular passages from the Qur'an: Revelation in response to an event or a general situation. Revelation in response to a particular question that has been asked by someone. Revelation for other reasons, known or not known to us.
What is abrogated by what?
According to some scholars the Qur'an abrogates only the Qur'an. They base their view on suras 2: 106 and 16: 101. According to them the Qur'an does not abrogate the sunna nor does the sunna abrogate the Qur'an. This is, in particular, the view held by Shafi'i. Others are of the opinion that the Qur'an may abrogate the Qur'an as well as the sunna. They base their view on Sura 53: 34.
Which was the Quran used by Orientalist?
In 1858, the German orientalist Fluegel produced together with a useful concordance the so-called 'Fluegel edition' of the Qur'an, printed in Arabic, which has since been used by generations of orientalists
How was the Quran collected?
In Suyuti's Itqan it is said that the Qur'an had been written down in its entirety in the time of the Prophet but had not been brought together in one single place, and that therefore these written records or documents had not been arranged in order.´
How does Allah challenge the disbelievers and what are the verses in the Quran?
Initially Allah challenged to produce something similiar to the Quran (17:88) this was reduced to ten surahs (11:13) which was reduced to one surah (10:38)
How do we know what is nasikh and mansukh?
Some scholars say that there are three ways of knowing about al-nasikh wa al-mansukh: Report from the Prophet or Companions. Ijma' (consensus of the umma upon what is nasikh and what mansukh). Knowledge about which part of the Qur'an preceded another part in the history of revelation. [Qattan, op.cit., p. 199]
What is the Benefit of Ulum ul-Quran
The benefit of Ulum ul-Quran is to have a complete and holistic understanding of the Quran and the sacredness and inclination increases through understanding its worth and value. It grants guidance and Adab, increases Knowledge in Law and Sharia and in love and aspiration towards the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم. it enables to respond to incorrect understanding and gives us condition for being a mufassir
When was the first Quran printed and where?
The first extant Qur'an for which movable type was used was printed in Hamburg (Germany) in 1694. The text is fully vocalised.
Who was the first to establish Tashkil in the Quranic text?
The first to establish tashkil (vowels) into the Quranic text was Abulasad Ad-Dualli (d. 69 A.H) under the caliphate of Ali ibn Abi Talib
Who was the first to put I´jam into the Quranic text?
The first to order the Ualama to put I´jam (diacritics) into the Quranic text was Hajjaj bin Yusuf ath-Thaqawi (95A.H.)
What is meant by Jam´ul Quran?
To learn the Qur'an by heart. To write down every revelation. To bring together those materials upon which the Qur'an has been written. To bring together the reports of people who have memorized the Qur'an. To bring together all such sources, both oral and written.
Why did the Prophet did not leave a book behind?
Because the revelation did not come down in one piece, but at intervals and was received continuously until the end of the Prophet's life. Because some verses were abrogated in the course of revelation, and therefore flexibility needed to be maintained. The ayat and suras were not always revealed in their final order, but were arranged later. The Prophet lived only nine days after the last revelation and was severely ill. There was no dispute or friction about the Qur'an during the time of the Prophet, as developed afterwards when he, as the final authority, was no longer available.
What are the three criteria for acceptance of the Qira´a?
Correctness according to Arabic grammar. Agreement with the written text of 'Uthman. Traced back reliably to the Prophet.
How does Suyuti divides Qiraat`
The mutawatir (transmitted by many; they include the seven well-known readings). The ahad (transmitted by one; they number three, going back to the sahaba and together with the seven make up the ten). The shadh (exceptional; they go back to the tabi'un only).
What means Several Revelations and One Sabab?
A well-known example for several revelations, which are connected with one particular circumstance, are three verses which according to reliable reports, came down in response to the question of Umm Salama, whether or why only the men had been referred to in the Qur'an, as being rewarded. According to Al-Hakim and Tirmidhi the verses 3:195, 4: 32 and 33:35 were revealed in response to this question:
How many instances are there where abrogation occured?
According to Suyuti's Itqan there are 21 instances in the Qur'an, where a revelation has been abrogated by another. He also indicates that there is a difference of opinion about some of these: e.g. 4: 8, 24: 58
What are the explanations for the seven Ahruf?
To make the reading, pronunciation and memorization more easy, as many people were illiterate in the Prophet's time. To unite the new Muslim community on the basis of one common language, the Arabic of the Quraish, with minor variations accepted, according to spoken language. To show something of the unique nature of the Qur'an, in the realm of language. To show something of the unique nature of the Qur'an, in the realm of meaning and legal rulings. To explain a legal ruling in more detail.
Where does the Quran speak about Naskh?
'None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause it to be forgotten, but We substitute something better or similar: knowest thou that God has power over all things?' (2: 106). مَا نَنسَخْ مِنْ آيَةٍ أَوْ نُنسِهَا نَأْتِ بِخَيْرٍ مِّنْهَا أَوْ مِثْلِهَا ۗ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ اللَّـهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
What is the difference between Abu bakrs suhuf and Uthmans mushaf?
'Uthman had many copies prepared from this copy and sent them to various places in the Muslim world, while the original Suhuf were returned to Hafsa and remained with her until her death. Later, Marwan b. Hakam (d. 65/684), according to a report in Ibn Abi Dawud, collected it from her heirs and had it destroyed, presumably fearing it might become the cause for new disputes. 'Uthman also kept one of the copies for himself. This version of the text, also known as 'Mushaf 'Uthman in fact constitutes the ijma'(consensus) of the sahaba, all of whom agreed that it contained what Muhammad had brought as revelation from Allah.
Name three examples for the Ahruf
1. Different languages (dialects) current among the Arabs at the time of revelation, such as e.g. Quraish, Hudhail, Tamim, etc., who had different ways of pronunciations which could even affect the spelling, e.g. 2. It may also be the usage of words from the different languages in the Qur'an (this is considered one of the most sound views). 3. Different ways of pronunciation as they have been explained in great detail by the scholars of qira'a (recitation) such as e.g. imala, idgham, etc. [This view has also been favoured by many, because it does not cause much controversy.]
6 conditions for an act to be considered as a mu'jizah:
6 conditions for an act to be considered as a mu'jizah: 1. It has to occur with the command of Allaah. 2. It must be out of the ordinary occurrences of nature. 3. It cannot be performed again by any person or object. 4. It must occur at the hands of a person who claims prophethood. 5. It must match the claim of a Prophet. For example, if the prophet claims that the staff turns into a snake, but it changes into another creature, it is not considered as a mu'jizah. 6. must match the claim of the prophet/person 7. must not refute the claim
What are the names of the Quran and their proof
Al furqan تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَالَمِينَ نَذِيرًا (furqan:1) Al kitab (Kahf 1)الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ الْكِتَابَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَل لَّهُ عِوَجًا ۜ Al tanzil (Shu´ara 192) وَإِنَّهُ لَتَنزِيلُ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ Al dhikr (Anbiya 50)وَهَـٰذَا ذِكْرٌ مُّبَارَكٌ أَنزَلْنَاهُ ۚ أَفَأَنتُمْ لَهُ مُنكِرُونَ
What does Qira´a mean?
Al-qira'a (pl. qiraa'at) is derived from the word qara'a, 'reading, reciting'; from which also the word Qur'an is derived. It is a verbal noun, meaning recitation. In technical language it describes the oral recitation of the Qur'an as well as the punctuation of the written text, which corresponds to the oral recitation. (Example Malik and Máliki)
What did the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم leave behind?
All parts of the revelation were available both in written form and memorized by the Companions. All pieces were available on loose writing material, making it easy to arrange them in the proper order. The order already fixed of the ayat within the suras, in the written form, as well as in the memory of the Companions, and of the suras in the memory of the Companions.
What is the proof of animals receiving wahi
nahl 68 وَأَوْحَىٰ رَبُّكَ إِلَى النَّحْلِ أَنِ اتَّخِذِي مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا وَمِنَ الشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعْرِشُونَ ﴿٦٨﴾
What types of wahis do exist?
Direct speech ( Shura:51) Behind a curtain (Shura:51) Through Gibril (Shura:51) وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ اللَّـهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًا فَيُوحِيَ بِإِذْنِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ ۚ إِنَّهُ عَلِيٌّ حَكِيمٌ
How was the Uthmani mushaf established?
Disputes in the outscirts of the Islamic Empire had arisen among the Muslims about the correct manner of reciting the Qur'an. Huthayfa ibn Yaman informed Uthman about that 'Uthman borrowed the Suhuf, which were kept with Hafsa. 'Uthman ordered four Companions, among them Zaid bin Thabit, to rewrite the script in perfect copies. 'Uthman sent these copies to the main centres of the Muslims to replace other materials that were in circulation.
What is meant by Several Asbab and One Revelation
From the reports of the sahaba it appears that particular passages of the Qur'an were revealed in response to more than one event, situation or question, or that the application of a particular passage of the Qur'an was for more than one particular occasion, as pointed out above. Examples: Sura al-ikhlas (112) firstly responds to the mushrikun in Makka before the hijra, and secondly to the ahl al-kitab encountered in Madina after the hijra. [Itqan, I, p.35; Wahidi, op.cit., pp.262-3.]
Why is the Quran Mu´jiz
His language surpasses everything else in Arabic. - His style surpasses any other Arabic style. - There's nothing like it in terms of richness - Its legislation is unsurpassable - His tales of the unknown can only be told from revelation - His freedom from contradiction to the exact nature- sciences - The fulfillment of all that he promises, both the good and the bad. News as well as his threats - The knowledge it embraces (both legally and in terms of creation - The satisfaction of human needs through him
I'jaaz according to ibn Juzay al-Kalbi in the Qur'an
I'jaaz according to ibn Juzay al-Kalbi in the Qur'an 1) the eloquence of the Qur'aan above that of any human speech. 2) the unique arrangement and organization of its verses and soorahs, and the manner in which the words are arranged. 3) the incapability to produce anything similar to it by the disbelievers during the Prophet's time and those after them. 4) the stories and accounts of the nations and prophets of old, since the Prophet had no recourse to such information. 5) the predictions which occurred in the Qur'an, and which later came true. 6) names and attributes of Allah 7) the laws and sharee'ah that the Qur'an came with, and the morals and conduct that it called for. 8) The fact that it has been protected and remained unchanged over such a long period of time, despite the fact that all other religious books have been distorted.. 9) the case by which it is memorised, and this is known by experience and observance. 10) the deep meanings that are present in it, and the fact that a reader never tires of reading the Qur'an, no matter how many times he has heard it or read it.
Who were the Sahaba that had own written compilations?
Ibn Mas'ud, Ubay bin Ka'b, 'Ali, Ibn 'Abbas, Abu Musa, Hafsa, Anas bin Malik, 'Umar, Zaid bin Thabit, Ibn Al-Zubair, 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr, 'A'isha, Salim, Umm Salama, 'Ubaid bin 'Umar.
Why is knowledge of nasikh and mansukh important?
Knowledge of al-nasikh wa al-mansukh is important because it concerns the correct and exact application of the laws of Allah. It is specifically concerned with legal revelations: It is one of the important pre-conditions for explanation (tafsir) of the Qur'an. It is one of the important pre-conditions for understanding and application of the Islamic law (hukm, shari'a). It sheds light on the historical development of the Islamic legal code. It helps to understand the immediate meaning of the ayat concerned.
Linguistic miracle of the Qur'an
Linguistic miracle of the Qur'an 1) the placement of a particular word in perfect context, over its synonyms. 2) The unique sentence structure and syntax, which does not follow any one pattern but varies throughout the Qur'an. 3) The use of different tenses to give deeper meaning to a passage. 4) The pronunciation of a word matches its context. 5) the perfect combination of concisement and detail.
Mu'jizah
Mu'jizah: acts of miraculous nature that humans cannot imitate. Comes from the word 'ajz which means to be incapable of, to be weak.
Is the Quran created?
No the Quran is not created, it is the speech of Allah (9:6 وَإِنْ أَحَدٌ مِّنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ اسْتَجَارَكَ فَأَجِرْهُ حَتَّىٰ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَ اللَّـهِ ثُمَّ أَبْلِغْهُ مَأْمَنَهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَعْلَمُونَ)
What is the wisdom of gradually revelation ?
Preseveration before memorization to bring acceptable portion of change and transformation entrench different things, most importantly tawhid
Who is the Author of Tafsir al Jalalayn, give a short bio ?
Tafsir al-Jalalayn is written by Dschalāl ad-Dīn al-Mahalli (*791 A.H; † 864 in Kairo) ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Kamāl ad-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Muhammad, Dschalāl ad-Dīnas-Suyūtī (* 849; † 911 in Kairo)
What does nasikh and mansukh mean ?
The Arabic words 'nasikh' and 'mansukh' are both derived from the same root word 'nasakha' which carries meanings such as 'to abolish, to replace, to withdraw, to abrogate'. The word nasikh (an active participle) means 'the abrogating', while mansukh (passive) means 'the abrogated'. In technical language these terms refer to certain parts of the Qur'anic revelation, which have been 'abrogated' by others. Naturally the abrogated passage is the one called 'mansukh' while the abrogating one is called 'nasikh'.
What characterizes the maddani Phase?
The Madinan phase lasted about ten years, from the hijra to the death of the Prophet. While the basic themes of the Makkan phase remain, the factor of the Muslims' growing together into a community and the formation of the umma, now makes its presence clearly felt. In Madina, there are four groups of people to be met: The muhajirun, who migrated from Makka to Madina. The ansar, who originated from Madina and helped the muhajirun. The munafiqun, who are from Madina and pretended to support the Muslims. The ahl al-kitab, i.e. Jews and Christians, with their respective scriptures In addition to these the Qur'an also continued to address al-nas, 'mankind' i.e. all people, and referred to the disbelievers and ignorant ones.
What characterizes the Mekkan Phase ?
The Makkan phase of the revelation lasted about 13 years, from the first revelation up to the hijra. This phase is determined by the prime task of the Prophet to call people to Islam. The main themes of this call, based on the Qur'anic revelation are: Allah and His unity (Tawhid). The coming resurrection and judgement. Righteous conduct.
What is the Egyptian edition?
The Qur'anic text in printed form now used widely in the Muslim world and developing into a 'standard version', is the so- called 'Egyptian' edition, also known as the King Fu'ad edition, since it was introduced in Egypt under King Fu'ad. This edition is based on the reading of Hafs, as reported by 'Asim, and was first printed in Cairo in 1925/1344H. Numerous copies have since been printed.
What are the stages of collecting the Quran?
The Quran was collected: In the time of the Prophet: in the hearts of men (memorization). on writing materials In the time of Abu Bakr. In the time of 'Uthman.
What does العبرة بعموم اللفظ و لا بخصوص السبب mean?
The message has to be understood by the general meaning of the word not by the circumstances it was revealed
Which are the three kinds of abrogation?
The scholars have divided abrogation into three kinds: Abrogation of the recited (verse) together with the legal ruling. Abrogation of the legal ruling without the recited (verse). Abrogation of the recited (verse) without the legal ruling.
What is the proof for the Quran being written in the Prophets time?
The well-known report about 'Umar's conversion shows that large passages of the revelation had already been written down even at a very early time, in Makka, long before the hijra, when the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم was still in the house of Arqam.
What are the Muqata´t?
The word is derived from the root 'qata'a' - to cut, and means 'what is cut', and also 'what is abbreviated'. In technical language the word is used for certain letters found at the beginning of several suras of the Qur'an, called 'the abbreviated letters'.
What is the meaning of al-ahruf as Sab´a
The word sab'a means seven, and ahruf is the plural form of harf, which has many meanings, among them 'edge' border, letter, word', etc. In technical language it describes the variety of modes of the Qur'an transmitted to us, also expressed in various forms of writing the text.
How were the suhuf brought together?
Tradition informs us that at the Battle of Yamama (11/633), in the time of Abu Bakr, a number of Muslims, who had memorized the Qur'an were killed. Hence it was feared that unless a written copy of the Qur'an were prepared, a large part of the revelation might be lost. Zaid was instructed by Abu Bakr to collect the Qur'an. Zaid collected it from various written materials and the memories of people. The sheets thus prepared were kept with Abu Bakr, then 'Umar, then Hafsa.
Defintion of Ulum ul-Quran
Ulum ul-Quran is the research which is connected to the Quran from the aspect of how it comes down like knowing time and reasons of revelation (before & after Hijra); how Quran was written, compiled, Qiraat established, and it´s I´jaz character, it´s styles, examples, stories and meanings of the words.
How did it came about Naskh and Mansukh?
When the message of Islam was presented to the Arabs as something new, and different from their way of life, it was introduced in stages. The Qur'an brought important changes gradually, to allow the people to adjust to the new prescriptions. Example: There are three verses in the Qur'an concerning the drinking of wine. Wine drinking was very widespread in pre-Islamic times and, although a social evil, highly esteemed. The three verses which finally led to the prohibition of intoxicating substances were revealed in stages (4: 43, 2: 219; 5: 93-4).
1. Nafi al Madani(d. 169 A.H.)-Students: Qaloon, Warsh (Madina) 2. Ibn Kather al Makke (d. 120.A.H)-Students: al-Buzzee and Qumbul 3. Abu Amr al-Basri (d. 154 A.H)-Students: ad-Duri, as-Susi 4. Ibn Amir ash-Shaamee (d.103 A.H)-Students: Hishaam, Ibn Zhakwan 5. Asim al-Kufi (d.75 A.H.)-Students: Shu´ba, Hafs 6. Hamzah al-Kufi (d.147 A.H.)-Students: Khalaf, Khallad 7. al-Kisa´i (d.189 Kufa)-Students: al-Layth, ad-Duri 8. Abu Ja´far al-Madani (d.130H.)-Students: Isa ibn Wardaan, Sulayman ibn Jamaz 9.Yagu´b al-Basri (d.205A.H.)-Students: Ruways, Rooh 10. Khalaf al-Ashir (d.286)-Students: Ishaq, Idris
Who are the ten most famous Qurra?
What are the signs of madani suras?
Ya Ayhua al-ladhina Amanu
What are the signs of mekki suras?
Ya Ayuha an-Nas Kalla Muqata´at except in Baqara and Al Imran
What is the Proof of angels receiving wahi
anfal 12 إِذْ يُوحِي رَبُّكَ إِلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ أَنِّي مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا ۚ سَأُلْقِي فِي قُلُوبِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الرُّعْبَ فَاضْرِبُوا فَوْقَ الْأَعْنَاقِ وَاضْرِبُوا مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ ﴿١٢﴾
What is the proof for the seven Ahruf ?
in Bukhari: 'Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: Allah's Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said: Gabriel recited the Qur'an to me in one way. Then I requested him (to read it in another way), and continued asking him to recite it in other ways, and he recited it in several ways till he ultimately recited it in seven different ways'. [Bukhari, VI No. 513.]
What is the benefit of studying Asbab un-nuzul
knowledge about the asbab al-nuzul helps one to understand: The direct and immediate meaning and implication of an aya, as it can be seen within its original context. The imminent reason underlying a legal ruling. The original intent of the aya. Whether the meaning of an aya is specific or of general application, and if so, under which circumstances it is to be applied. The historical situation at the time of the Prophet and the development of the early Muslim community.
What is the proof for different prophets receiving wahi?
إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعْدِهِ ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَىٰ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ ۚ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُودَ زَبُورًا ﴿١٦٣﴾ وَرُسُلًا قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًا لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ۚ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّـهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًا ﴿١٦٤﴾ رُّسُلًا مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّـهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا
What is the shari´definition of Quran
هو كلام الله،المعجز المنزل على رسول الله محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، المكتوب في المصاحف، المنقول بالتواتر، المتعبد بتلاوته.